(英语)高考英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)含解析

1、（英语）高考英语阅读理解题 20 套(带答案 )含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解durian(榴莲) is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. however, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique smell, so a team of researchers from singapore decided to take a l

2、ook at its genome (基因 组) and find out,durian is well-known throughout southeast asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. however, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that contro

3、lled it. a group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.the fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten onions and ingredients. the smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit c

4、ontains more volatile sulfur compounds. other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell.however, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. although we find it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. if they eat

5、the fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species.the mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. first of all, the fruit has an impressive number of genes, namely 46,000. also, with the help of these

6、 genes, they saw how it evolved, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. all the other discoveries have been published in the journal nature genetics.despite the striking smell, many people actually enjoy eating the fruit. however, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may eve

7、n cause damage to our health, even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy.（1）what give durian its unique smell?a. onions nearby. b. two gene copies.c. rotten ingredients in it. d. volatile sulfur compounds.（2）what does the underlined word “evolved” in paragraph 5

8、probably mean?a. developed. b. escaped. c. predicted. d. tolerated.（3）what can we infer from the text?a. no birds enjoy eating durian. b. durian can be planted all over the world.c. some of durian species can not be eaten. d. durian has no relationship with the cacao tree.（4）whats the best title for

9、 the text?a. whats durian? b. the influence of the smellc. the distribution of durian d. the mystery of the unpleasant smell of durian 【答案】（1）d（2） a（3） c（4）d【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就 是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动 物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。(1) 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so researchers decided to ma

10、p the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. a group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds ( 含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因 挥发性硫化合物（ south-type），在水果中非常活 跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选 d。(2) 考查词义猜测。

11、根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图， 发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有 46000 条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的 基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。a 项 develop“使进化”，与划线词 evolved 是 同义词。故选 a。(3) 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause dam6.age to our health,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可 以吃的。由此可推断出选 c。(4) 考查主旨大意。文章

12、说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研 究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知， 本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选 d。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是 一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进 行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in india. nume

13、rous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the areas history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.with the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. that is why it is called new de

14、lhi. new delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.air pollution in indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emerge

15、ncy despite government vows to solve the problem.hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. millions of antipollutio

16、n masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.new delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from thepollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning

17、in neighboring states. fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the hindu festival of diwali then arrives, leaving delhi the worlds most polluted city.the citys air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 sunday. that is the highest 24-hour aver

18、age since nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the central pollution control board.（1）which of the following is not true?a. diwali is one of the most important festivals in india.b. the government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution.c. such a seri

19、ous air pollution in new delhi appears on a regular basis.d. the index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history.（2）who may not complain about the serious air pollution?a. the parents whose children have to stay at home.b. the pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed.c. th

20、e manufacturers who produce antipollution masks.d. the officials who have to work out of their offices.（3）which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5? a.sent out.b. sent up.c. sent in.d. sent on.（4）the title of the passage should be .a. problems caused by the develo

21、pment of new delhib. dangerous pollution envelops new delhic. antipollution masks are in great need in new delhid. farmers in the neighboring states are to blame for burning crop stubble【答案】 （1）b（2） c（3） a（4） b【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模 的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但由 于污染严重，整个新

22、德里处于危险的污染中，人们必须戴防污口罩，冬天天气寒冷污染物 成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段“air pollution in indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的 水平，笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成

23、为年度公共卫生紧急事件，尽管政府誓言要解决这个问 题；第五段“new delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust ., leaving delhi the worlds most polluted city.” 新德里每年都会被污染吞没，随着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘，以及邻国农

24、作物秸秆燃烧产 生的烟雾，都会形成浓雾。庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达，使德里现在成为世界上 污染最严重的城市；以及第四段中的 “millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的 防污口罩。可知，政府尽管发誓解决这种污染，但情况不仅没有改变，反而更加严重，使 得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。故选 b。（2） 考查推理判断。根据第四段“hundreds of flight

25、s were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and market

26、s.” 周末期间，由 于能见度低，数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，官员们紧急采 取措施，试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染 口罩。由此可知，由于污染严重，学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。 所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产 ，是不会抱怨的，故选 c。（3） 考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“new delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars

27、and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为 基础的发电厂 “emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。根据常识可知，汽车和用煤发电的发 电厂会“排放或释放”污染物的。由此可判断“emitted”是排放的意思。故选 a。（4） 考查主旨大意。本文叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩 大，印度

28、的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但周末的 能见度低，数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，人们必须戴防 污口罩，可知，新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。故选 b。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是环保类阅读， 考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解there are at least 3, 000 miles of waterways in britain. on these canals and rivers, there are over 30,000 houseboat

29、sboats that people use as homes. around 10, 000 of them are located in london.the earliest populations of britains boat people have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an a

30、lternative lifestyle. houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. there are daily things that need to be done, like bringing fuel and water on boa

31、rd and dealing with waste water from kitchen sink, shower and toilet. in winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling ofdamp. of course, most boats are quite small inside, so you dont have much space, especially if you are a couple, family or a group of friends.despite the

32、se difficulties, the number of people living on britains waterways has increased by around 50 per cent over the past ten years. more and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water, but also because it is much cheaper to buy

33、or rent a boat than a flat or a house.there is a great sense of community on the waterways; many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life. this is quite a different story from people who live in flats or houses and ma

34、y hardly know the people next door at all.（1）what does the underlined word alternative in paragraph 2 probably mean? a.creative.b. enjoyable.c. non traditional.d. primitive.（2）from the third paragraph, we know that it is to live on the boat. a.inconvenientb. easyc. boringd. unforgettable（3）which of

35、the following information is not given in the text?a. there are lots of rivers and canals in britain.b. many people live on houseboats in wales.c. houseboat living become popular in the industrial revolution.d. people who live on houseboats are usually very friendly with their neighbours.（4）why do m

36、any people choose to live on the water?a. living on the water is romanticb. living on the water is easy and naturalc. living on the water can avoid unfriendly neighboursd. living on the water costs less than living on the land【答案】 （1）c（2） a（3） b（4） d【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在英国年轻人中流行的一种居住方式 屋”。“ 船（1 ）考查

37、词义猜测。根据第二段中的 “houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.”可知， 游艇社区通常是由那些寻求慢节奏生活方式和想要接触大自然的人组成的；再根据第一段 中的“there are over 30,000 houseboatsboats that people use as homes.” 这些人以船为家 的。即他们以船为家，是因为喜欢慢节奏的生活，想要接触大自然。

38、这与传统的居住方式不同。可知“since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle”这句是说从工业革命起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的 人。即这种游艇生活吸引那些喜欢“非传统的”生活方式的人。选项 c. non traditional（非 传统的）符合题意，故选 c。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. ” 可知，

39、在水上生活听起来很浪漫，但也很辛苦；以及“there are daily things that need to be done, . in winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. of course, most boats are quite small inside, .” 比如带上燃料和水，要处理 “废水”等。冬天住在船上很冷，总有一种潮湿感。当然，大多数的船里面都很小 . 。由这些例子可知，生活在船上是极不方便的。故选 a。（3） 考查细节理解。根据第一段“ther

40、e are at least 3 ,000 miles of waterways in britain. on these canals and rivers,. around 10 ,000 of them are located in london.” 可知英国有许多河流 和运河，其中大约 10000 个位于伦敦。可知 a 项正确；第二段中的“the earliest populations of britains boat people have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industr

41、ial revolution. since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle.”自工业革命时期修建运河以来，英国最早的 “ 船民 ” 一直生活在水 上。从那时起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人，即说游艇生活在工业革命 中变得流行起来，可知 c 项正确；以及最后一段中的 “many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and ho

42、useboat neighbours often become friends for life.” 许多船民说，他们的邻居总是乐于帮助他们，而船上邻居常常成为终生的朋友，可知 d 项正确。综合可知 b 项文章中没有提及，故选 b。（4） 考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“more and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water but also because it is much cheaper t

43、o buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.” 越来越多的家庭和年轻的专业人 士正搬到游艇上居住，这不仅是因为他们喜欢水上生活，还因为买船或租船比租公寓或房 子便宜得多。可推断出生活在水上比生活在陆地上花费少。故选 d。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象 类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而 选出正确答案。4阅读理解a new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires

44、 for alcohol cigarette and junk food.the study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. researchers at the university of plymouths school of psychology surveyed 149 respondents ( 应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )o

45、f green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. the study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. parti

46、cipants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an11-point scale.researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for junk food. the effect was particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondents view was gree

47、nery.previous scholarship( 学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: a 2015 study out of the university of michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depression and relieving other mood disorders. but for people who struggle with accessibility or dont have time f

48、or a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit.it has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a persons well- being, lead author leanne martin said in a statement. but for there to be a similar association w

49、ith desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research.a 2018 study from denmarks aarhus university for example, found that. having access to green space throughout childhood decreased a persons risk of developing mental health problems as an adult.（1）wha

50、t does the second paragraph mainly talk about?a. the results of the new study.b. the purpose of the new study.c. the significance of the new study.d. the content of the new study.（2）what does the underlined word combatting in paragraph 4 probably mean? a.reducing.b. developing.c. understanding.d. en

51、couraging（3）according to the passage, the new study _.a. mainly referred to exercise in natureb. has enriched the previous research to some degreec. was carried out by the university of michigand. found exposure to greenery helped cure mental problems（4）n which section of a newspaper may this passag

52、e appear?a. entertainmentb. business worldc. tech &scienced. environment【答案】 （1）d（2） a（3） b（4） c【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果 - 多看绿色植物和吃垃圾食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：多看 绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。（1） 考查段落大意。根据第二段中的 “researchers surveyed 149 respondents aged 21 o 65 about the proportion of green sp

53、ace in their neighborhood” 研究人员调查了年龄在 2165 岁 之间的 149 名参与者小区内的绿植比例 ；以及 “the study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety”研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题 等可 知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选 d。（2） 考查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合 句中出现的 “relieving other mood disorders(缓解其他情绪紊乱 )” 不难推断出， combattin

54、g depression 应表示“减轻抑郁”。故选 a。（3） 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“adds a new dimension(方面) to the previous research”为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究 成果。故选 b。（4） 考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文章 最有可能出现在“技术与科学”版块。故选 c。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一 篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行 分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而

55、选出正确答案。5阅读理解everybody, at some point in their lives, has experienced failure. it could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted, or getting fewer marks even after hard work. but what makes you is not your failure, but how you get back up after being hit.once, a young school boy was c

56、aught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live. his mother was told that he was sure to die, for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body. even if he were to survive, he would be lame throughout his life.but the brave boy did not want to die nor did h

57、e want to be lame. much to the amazement of the doctor, he did survive. but unfortunately from his waist down, he had no motor ability. his thin legs just hung there, lifeless. eventually he left the hospital. but his determination to walk was unshakable. at home, when he was not in bed, he had to s

58、tay in a wheelchair. one day, he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass, dragging his legs behind him. he reached the fence, raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence, firmly determined. he did this every day, with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided. with his iron determination, he did develop the ability to stand up, then to walk on and off, then to walk by h