【英语】高一英语阅读理解技巧 阅读训练策略及练习题(含答案)及解析

1、【英语】高一英语阅读理解技巧 阅读训练策略及练习题 (含答案)及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解a new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. the study was a project involving researchers at peking university in china and yale university in the united states.the researchers reported that long-term exposure

2、 to air pollution can affect a persons mental abilities in two areas: language and math.the researchers studied about 25,000 people from across china. between 2010 and 2014, these chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. then researchers compared the test results with meas

3、urements of pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫).xi chen of the yale school of public health led the study. he and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a persons education level by about one year.chen said that the effect generally is worse for tho

4、se over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education.“the older persons they are more affected. and we find, quite amazingly, males are more affected than females. and people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors.he noted that the youngest people in the

5、 study were 10 years old, while the oldest was 90 years old. they came from chinas 33 provinces. in his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.the researchers noted that the effect of air p

6、ollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. the researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.（1）what is the result of the study?a.

7、air pollution has a bad effect on peoples intelligence.b. females are more affected by air pollution than males.c. americans are more affected by air pollution than chinese.d. people working indoors are actually not affected by air pollution.（2）what did chen say about the study?a. it is doubtful.b.

8、it is extremely unfair.c. it is common and not representative.d. it is relatively objective and persuasive.（3）what did the researchers emphasize in the last paragraph?a. the data from the 33 provinces is convincing.b. the whole world should pay attention to air pollution.c. the less educated take mo

9、re responsibility for air pollution.d.air pollutions influence on verbal ability is less serious as people age.（4）where is the text most likely taken from?a. a life diary.b. a guidebook.c. a science magazine.d. a biography.【答案】 （1）a（2） d（3） b（4） c【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明，长期暴露在空气污染中会在语 言和数学两个方面影响一个

10、人的智力，因此每个国家都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一 个糟糕的局面。（1） 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“the researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a persons mental abilities in two areas: language and math.” 可知，研究 人员报告说，长期暴露在空气污染中会在两个方面影响一个人的智力：语言和数学。即研 究结果是空气污染会对人们的智力产生不良影响。故选 a。（2） 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“in his words,

11、the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.”可知，用 xi chen 的话说，调查得到的数据和事实令人信服，全国各 地的不同年龄和不同地方的人提供了真实，客观和有代表性的研究样本。即 xi chen 对这 项研究说的是“研究结果是相对客观和有说服力的。”故选 d。（3） 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“the researchers noted that t

12、he effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. the researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.” 可知，研究人员指出，随着人们年 龄的

13、增长，空气污染对言语能力的影响更加严重，尤其是在男性和文化程度较低的人群 中。研究人员还强调，每个国家，无论是发达国家，发展中国家还是贫穷国家，都应关注 空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。因此在最后一段中研究人员强调了全世界应该 注意空气污染。故选 b。（4） 考查推理判断。根据第一段“a new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. the study was a project involving researchers at peking university in

14、 china and yale university in the united states.” 可知，本文的话题是研究表明空气污染会大大 降低人们的智力。该研究是一个由中国北京大学和美国耶鲁大学的研究人员参与的项目。 因此可以推断出文章可能来自于科学杂志。故选 c。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需 要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解international volunteering in new zealandif youre visiting new zealand and would like to

15、 volunteer, doc (department of concentration) welcomes you to get involved.before you come to new zealandyou do not need a work visa to volunteer with doc. you ran volunteer on entry to new zealand as long as you do not receive payment or benefits.you may need a police certificatedepending on the vo

16、lunteer work you do with us, you may be required to provide a police certificate to doc. your police certificate would need to be written and certified in english. its easier for you if you get a police certificate before you leave your country.how to get a new police certificate if youre already in

17、 new zealand. (click here) international studentsvolunteering with dos is an option to gain experience. however, doc does not offer opportunities to students who study at:universities outside new zealand, or other education providers outside new zealand. insurancefor all volunteers with doc, we stro

18、ngly advise you gel comprehensive ( 综合的) travel insurance and unlimited medical cover. doc does not accept responsibility for any:personal medical or accident events.loss or damage to personal items of equipment, or other associated costs while youre volunteering with doc.（1）what may you offer to do

19、c if you want to volunteer as a foreigner in new zealand? a.a work visa.b. a police certificatec. a university diploma.d. a driver license.（2）who cannot volunteer with doc in new zealand?a. an american official who is travelling in new zealand.b. a chinese businessman with some volunteering experien

20、ces.c. a chinese exchange student in the university of auckland in new zealand.d. an english college student who has just been visiting his uncle in new zealand for a few days. （3）where is this passage probably from?a. a story book.b. a newspaper.c. a website.d. a travel guide book.【答案】 （1）b（2） d（3）

21、 c【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是新西兰的 doc 部门发布的一则招募志愿者的公 告。（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“depending on the volunteer work you do with us, youmay be required to provide a police certificate to doc.”可知，根据志愿者所从事的工作，志愿 者可能需要向 doc 提供警察开具的证明。即如果你想在新西兰以外国人的身份从事志愿者 活动，你可以向 doc 提供警察开具的证明。故选 b。（2） 考查推理判断。根据 international students 部分中

22、的“however, doc does not offer opportunities to students who study at universities outside new zealand, or other education providers outside new zealand.”doc 不会为在新西兰以外的大学及其他教育机构学习的学生 提供做志愿者的机会。可知，一位来到新西兰叔叔家做客几天的英国大学生不能在新西兰 参与 doc 的志愿者活动。故选 d。（3） 考查推理判断。根据第一段中的 “if youre visiting new zealand and would

23、 like to volunteer, doc (department of concentration) welcomes you to get involved.” 可知，这是新西 兰的 doc 部门发布的一则招募志愿者的公告；在根据 you may need a police certificate 部分 中的“how to get a new police certificate if youre already in new zealand. (click here)”可 知，如 果你已经在新西兰，请点击这里了解如何获得新的警察证明。由此可知，这则公告发布在 了一个网站上。故选 c。

24、【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一则公告，考生需要准确 掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解basic information about three classical movies1 forrest gumpstupid is as stupid does, says forrest gump (played by tom hanks in an oscar-winning performance) as he discusses his relative level of intelligence with a stranger w

25、hile waiting for a bus. despite his sub-normal iq, gump leads a truly charmed life, with a ringside seat for many of the most memorable events of the second half of the 20th century. (click here to show more)rating: pg-13 (under 13 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)genre: comedy, drama,

26、 romancedirected by: robert zemeckiswritten by: eric rothin theaters: jul 6, 1994 wideon disc/streaming: aug 28, 2001 box office： $ 330,000,000 runtime: 142 minutesstudio: paramount pictures2 rain manself-centered, avaricious californian charlie babbitt (tom cruise) is informed that his long- estran

27、ged father has died. expecting at least a portion of the elder babbitts $ 3 million estate, charlie learns that all hes inherited is his dads prize roses and a 1949 buick roadmaster. discovering that the $ 3 million is being held in trust for an unidentified party, charlie heads to his home town of

28、cincinnati to ascertain who that party is(click here to show more)rating: r(under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)genre: dramadirected by: barry levinsonwritten by: ronald bass, barry morrow, david rayfiel, barry levinsonin theaters: dec 16, 1988 wideon disc/streaming: jan 1, 2000r

29、 untime: 133 minutess tudio: mgm3 the shawshank redemptionin 1946, a banker named andy dufresne (tim robbins) is convicted of a double murder, even though he stubbornly proclaims his innocence. hes sentenced to a life term at the shawshank state prison in maine, where another lifer, ellis red reddin

30、g (morgan freeman), picks him as the new recruit most likely to crack under the pressure. but. (click here to show more)rating: r (under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)genre: a prison dramadirected by: frank darabontwritten by: frank darabont in theaters: sep 10, 1994 wideon disc/

31、streaming: jan 27, 1998r untime: 142 minutess tudio: columbia pictures（1）who is the director of rain man?a. frank darabont.b. barry morrow.c. barry levinsond. robert zemeckis.（2）the type of the shawshank redemption is .a. prison dramab. romancec. loved. comedy（3）which of the following persons is reg

32、arded to be unintelligent in the three movies? a.andy dufresne.b. charlie babbitt.c. forrest gump.d. rain man.【答案】 （1）c（2） a（3） c【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了三部经典电影的基本情况。这三部电影是 阿甘正传、雨人和肖申克的救赎。（1） 考查细节理解。根据 rain man 部分中的“directed by: barry levinson”可知，rain man 的导演是 barry levinson。故选 c。（2） 考查细节理解。根据 the shaw

33、shank redemption 部分中的“genre: a prison drama ，” 可知，the shaw shank redemption 电影的体裁是 a prison drama 监狱剧，故选 a。（3） 考查细节理解。根据 forrest gump 部分中的stupid is as stupid does,says forrest gump . despite his sub-normal iq, gump leads a truly charmed life.“傻人有傻福”阿甘（forrest gump ）的饰演者汤姆汉克斯说 .。尽管他 (阿甘) 的智商低于正常水平，阿甘

34、过着一种真正 令人神往的生活。可知，阿甘的智力不高，所以不聪明。故选 c。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节 信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in india. numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the areas history, which ma

35、kes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.with the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. that is why it is called new delhi. new delhi, a city with a population of over20 million people, has its newest problem: never befor

36、e has this city met with the worst air problem.air pollution in indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and cancele

37、d over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.new delhi, is engulfed each year a

38、s the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the hindu festival of diwali then arriv

39、es, leaving delhi the worlds most polluted city.the citys air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 sunday. that is the highest 24-hour average since nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the central pollution control b

40、oard.（1）which of the following is not true?a. diwali is one of the most important festivals in india.b. the government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution.c. such a serious air pollution in new delhi appears on a regular basis.d. the index of the recent air pollution is

41、not the worst in the history.（2）who may not complain about the serious air pollution?a. the parents whose children have to stay at home.b. the pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed.c. the manufacturers who produce antipollution masks.d. the officials who have to work out of their offices

42、.（3）which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5? a.sent out.b. sent up.c. sent in.d. sent on.（4）the title of the passage should be .a. problems caused by the development of new delhib. dangerous pollution envelops new delhic. antipollution masks are in great need in

43、 new delhid. farmers in the neighboring states are to blame for burning crop stubble【答案】 （1）b（2） c（3） a（4） b【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但由 于污染严重，整个新德里处于危险的污染中，人们必须戴防污口罩，冬天天气寒冷污染物 成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。（1） 考查推理判断。根据第三段“air pollution in indians capital surg

44、ed to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的 水平，笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件，尽管政府誓言要解决这个问 题；第五段“new delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze

45、builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust ., leaving delhi the worlds most polluted city.” 新德里每年都会被污染吞没，随着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为 基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘，以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产 生的烟雾，都会形成浓雾。庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达，使德里现在成为世界上 污染最严重的城市；以及第四段中的 “millions of antipollution masks wer

46、e distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的 防污口罩。可知，政府尽管发誓解决这种污染，但情况不仅没有改变，反而更加严重，使 得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。故选 b。（2） 考查推理判断。根据第四段“hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices we

47、re closed monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 周末期间，由 于能见度低，数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，官员们紧急采 取措施，试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染 口罩。由此可知，由于

48、污染严重，学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。 所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产 ，是不会抱怨的，故选 c。（3） 考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“new delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stub

49、ble burning in neighboring states.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为 基础的发电厂 “emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。根据常识可知，汽车和用煤发电的发 电厂会“排放或释放”污染物的。由此可判断“emitted”是排放的意思。故选 a。（4） 考查主旨大意。本文叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩 大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但周末的 能见度低，数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，人们必须戴防 污口罩，可知，新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。故选 b。

50、【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是环保类阅读， 考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5阅读理解some of the best research on daily experience is rooted in rates of positive and negativeinteractions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply

51、 tune out.over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of positive and negative interactions. researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihoo

52、d that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer satisfaction and productivity levels.more recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. when you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces

53、 higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates ( 激活) conflict and defense mechanisms ( 机制). you assume that situations are worse than they actually are.when you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. positive exchanges i

54、ncrease your bodys production of oxytocin, a feel-good that increases your ability to communicate with, cooperate with and trust others. but the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.we need at least three to five positive interactions to out

55、weigh every one negative exchange. bad moments simply outweigh good ones. whether youre having a conversation, keep this simple short cut in mind: at least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on whats going right.workplaces, for example, often see this. during performance reviews, man

56、agers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. they spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the

57、remaining time to address weaknesses.（1）the underlined phrase “tune out” in paragraph 1 probably meansa. stop listening b. change ones mind c. sing aloud d. be crazy（2）what will happen if you experience negative emotions?a. the situations are sure to become worse. b. much of your thinking will be pr

58、evented.c. you will feel an urge to improve and become better. d. youll be motivated to resolve conflicts with people.（3）from paragraph 4, we can learn thata. we need a positive feeling to beat one negative feeling b. positive interactions have greater effects than negative onesc. our conversation should center on what needs improvement d. the effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones（