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1、英语词形的适当形式填空题答题技巧用所给动词的适当形式填空,是英语中考中必考的一个题型。在考试中 10 分。在做题时 要看主语,定时态,注意主谓一致。重点是动词的时态。英语中的时态主要就是八大时态。一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时, 现在完成时,过去完成时,一般将来时,过去将来时。何种情况下该使用哪种时态,每种时态中明显的标志词,主要是时间状语,除了考察动词时 态外,还考察各种时态的不同语态-主动语态和被动语态。一. 对名词的考查1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)1 一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s 变为复数名词。例如:deskd

2、esks, keykeys, monkeymonkeys, boyboys 等2 以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,在单数名词之后加 -es。例如: foxfoxes, bossbosses, busbuses, classclasses, dressdresses, witnesswitnesses, addressaddresses, beachbeaches, coachcoaches, couchcouches,inchinches,sandwichsanwiches,churchchurches,watchwatches,matchmatches,speec

3、hspeeches,witchwitches,dishdishes,brushbrushes,goldfishgoldfish, fishfishes, toothbrushtoothbrushes 等。 以 o 结 尾 的 单 数 名 词 变 为 复 数 名 词 时 , 在 单 数 名 词 之 后 加 -s 的 有 : zoozoos,radioradios,photophotos,pianopianos,kilokilos,mangomangos,bamboobamboos,kangarookangaroos。加-es 有:tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes, d

4、odododoes/s, heroheroes。以辅音字母 +y 结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变 y 为 i ,再加 -es 。例如: familyfamilies,ladyladies,babybibies,copycopies,bodybodies,centurycenturies,diarydiaries,dictionarydictionaries,factory factories,librarylibaries,batterybatteries,documentrydocumentries,buddybuddies,abilityabilities,countrycountri

5、es,b utterflybutterflies,enemyenemies,memorymemories,bbbbbbb balconies,laboratorylaboratrories,beautybeauties,ccccccc charities,comedycomedies,industryindustries,quallityquallities,replyreplies,difficultydifficulties,theropytheropies, mysterymysteries, hobbyhobbies,storystories,citycities,laundrylau

6、ndries,activityactivities 等。以 f 或 fe 结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时,先变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加 -es。例如: halfhalves, knifeknives,wifewives,leafleaves, shelfshelves,herselfthemseves,scalfscalfs/scalves,wolfwolves 等。考例 1:2005 年镇江市 look! there are some _ (bird) flying in the sky. 分析:所给的词 bird 是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应填名词的复数形式,bird 的复

7、数形式是 birds,因此应填 birds.考例 2:2005 年泰州市 your present is in one of the _. can you guess? (box)分析:所给的词 box 是可数名词的单数形式,根据习惯表达 “one of the +可数名词复数” 可知,应填名词的复数形式,box 的复数形式是 boxes,因此应填 boxes。考例 3:2004 年淮安市 newspaper reports say that some more _ (country) have become e.u.(欧盟)members this year.分析:所给的词 country

8、是可数名词的单数形式,根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数 形式,因此应填 countries。考例 4:2003 年济南市 the earthquake rocked the cities in the north of algeria. many people lost their _. (life)分析:所给的词 life 是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,life 的复数形式为 lives,因此应填 lives。(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)footfeet,toothteeth,childchildren,manmen,womanwomen,

9、policemanpolicemen,policewomanpolicewomen,frenchmanfrenchmen,snowmansnowmen,businessmanbusinessmen,englishmanenglishmen,gentlemangentlemen, salesmansalesmen, mousemice/mouses(鼠标),sheepsheep, chinesechinese, japanesejapanese, fishfish 等。考例 1:2004 年无锡市 its good for us to brush our _ (tooth) after meal

10、s. 分析:所给的词 tooth 是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知,应用名词的复数形式,而 tooth 的复数形式是不规则的,为 teeth,因此应填 teeth。2.考查名词的所有格考例 1:2005 年泰州市 chocolate is usually _ favourite food. (child) 分析:所给的词 child 是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物” 可知,所填的词在句中作定语,应用复数名词的所有格作定语,child 的复数形式的所有格 为 childrens,因此应填 childrens。考例 2:2005 年淮安市 tomorrow is _

11、(father) day. what will you do for your dad? 分析:所给的词 father 是可数名词的单数形式,根据句意可知“,父亲节”为 fathers day, 因此应填 fathers。注意:母亲节为 mothers day,妇女节为 womens day,儿童节为 childrens day,教师 节为 teachers day。3.考查名词转换成形容词名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况:(1).名词+y 形容词 例如:rainrainy,windwindy,cloudcloudy,sunsunny,snowsnowy,fogfoggy,mistmisty,h

12、ealthhealthy,lucklucky,unluc kunlucky,noisenoisy,fun funny,thirstthirsty 等。(2).名词+ful形容词 例如:carecareful, thankthankful,helphelpful,useuseful,wonderwonderful,colourcolourful,painpainful,successsuccessful 等。(3).名词+n形容词 例如:americaamerican, russiarussian,indiaindian, australiaaustralian, canadacanadian,

13、italyitalian 等。(4).名词+ ern形容词 例如:easteastern,westwestern,northnorthern,southsouthern 等。(5).名词 +ous形容词 例如:dangerdangerous,famefamous 等。注意:friendfriendly,woolwoolen,differencedifferent,difficultydifficult,importanceimportant,prideproud,personpersonal,safetysafe,confidenceconfident 等。考例 1:2005 年镇江市 wha

14、t a _ (rain) day! we have to stay at home.分析:所给的词 rain 在此处应理解为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作定语,修饰 day,应用形容词,rain 的形容词为 rainy,因此应填 rainy。考例 2:2005 年徐州市 too much homework is really _ (pain) to students. 分析:所给的词 pain 为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作表语,应用形容词,pain 的形容词为 painful,即应填 painful。4.考查名词变为副词successsuccessfully,carecaref

15、ully,carecarelessly,healthhealthily,noisenoisily 等。考例:2005 年泰州市 they played so _ that they lost the football match. (care) 分析:所给的词 care 在此处应理解为名词,根据句意可知,所填的词在句中作状语,修饰 played,应用副词,care 的副词为 carefully,即应填 carefully。二对数词的考查1.考查基数词转换成序数词基数词变为序数词时,一般情况下在基数词之后加-th。例如:four fourth但是,特殊的基数词变为序数词可用以下口诀来帮助记忆:一

16、、二、三单独记,八去 t,九 去 e, 五 和 十 二 记 仔 细 , f 来 把 ve 替 , ty 变 成 tie , 后 面 再 加 th 。 即 : onefirst,twosecond,threethird,eighteighth,nineninth,fivefifth,twelvetwelfth,twentytwentieth,thirtythirtieth,fortyfortieth,fiftyfiftieth,sixtysixtieth,seventyseventieth,eightyeightieth,ninetyninetieth 等。考例 1:2005 年镇江市 the

17、_ (eight) lesson is not so easy as the ninth lesson, i think.分析:所给的词 eight 为基数词,根据习惯表达“第八课”应用序数词,eight 的序数词为 eighth,即应填 eighth。考例 2:2005 年扬州市we will have the _ celebration for the return of hong kong. (nine)分析:(略)应填 ninth。考例 3:2005 年泰州市the students from america live on the _ floor. (nine) 分析:(略)应填 n

18、inth。考例 4 :2005 年徐州市 liu xiang got the _ (one) in his competition of the 2004olympic games.分析:(略)应填 first。2. 考查分数词考例:2005 年淮安市 two _ (three) of the boys in my class are in the school football team.分析:所给的词 three 是基数词,根据句意可知,本题是考查分数词的表达,分子用基数 词表示,分母用序数词表示。当分子大于1 时,表示分母的序数词应用复数形式,因此应用 three 的序数词 third

19、的复数形式 thirds,即应填 thirds。三对代词的考查1.考查人称代词主宾格之间的转换中考中不常出现。2.考查物主代词之间的转换考例:2005 年宿迁市 yesterday i was doing some shopping in thesupermarket when i met a friend of _ (my).分析:所给的词 my 为形容词性物主代词,根据句意可知,应用名词性物主代词作介词 of 的宾语,即应填 my 的名词性物主代词 mine。3.考查人称代词转换成自身代词考例 1:2005 年泰州市the clever girl could teach _ english

20、 when she was ten. (she)分析:所给的词 she 为人称代词主格,根据习惯表达 teach oneself sth.可知,应用自 身代词作宾语,即应填 she 的自身代词 herself。考例 2:2005 年常州市 thanks to space satellites, the world _ (it) is becoming a much smaller place.分析:所给的词 it 为人称代词,根据句意可知,应用自身代词作主语的同位语,即应填 it 的自身代词 itself。4. 考查人称代词转换成物主代词考例 1:2005 年镇江市 my schoolbag

21、is different from _ (he). mine is newer. 分析:所给的词 he 为人称代词主格,根据句意可知,应用名词性物主代词作介词 from 的宾 语,即应填 his。考例 2:2005 年扬州市 our way of learning english is a lot better than _. (they) 分析:(略)应填 theirs。考例 3:2005 年淮安市 _ (we) city, huaian ,is zhou enlans hometown. we are proud of him.分析:(略)应填 our。考例 4:2005 年徐州市 thi

22、s is my dictionary. where is _ (you)?分析:(略)应填 yours。四对形容词的考查1.考查形容词的比较级/最高级(1).形容词比较级/最高级的规则变化一般单音节的形容词在词尾加-er/-est 例如:blackblacker/est,brightbrighter/est此 外 还 有 : cheap, clear, clean, clever, cold, cool, dear, dark, deep, fast, few,full,great,green,hard,high,kind,light,long,low,near,new,old,poor,qu

23、ick,quiet,rich,short,slow,small,steep,strong,sweet,tall,thick,yellow,young, warm, weak等。以字母 e 结尾的形容词,只须在词尾加-r/-st。例如:blue bluer/st,largelarger/st 此外还有:able, huge, late, nice, fine, free, white, wide, simple, safe, strange, polite, purple 等。以重读闭音节结尾的形容词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,要先双写这个辅音字母,再加 -er/-est。例如:bigbigger/

24、est,fatfatter/est此外还有:dim, red, thin, sad, wet, hot, glad 等。以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词,先把 y 变为 i,再加-er/-est。例如:angryangrier/est, easyeasier/est此外还有:busy, happy, heavy, empty, noisy, lucky, hungry, dirty, early, ready, sunny,windy, lazy, tidy, healthy, rainy, snowy, dry, unhappy, unlucky, pretty 等。 多音节形容词和部分双音节形

25、容词以及由分词转化来的形容词,须在词前加 more/most。 例如:beautifulmore/most beautiful,tired more/most tired此外还有:careful, interesting, difficult, different, dangerous, expensive, famous, important, interested, helpful, modern, useful, wonderful, worried, amazing, boring, serious 等。有些形容词的比较级和最高级的构成,既可以在词为加 -er/est ,又可以在词前加

26、 more/most。例如:clever, common, polite, quiet, peasant, simple 等。(2).形容词比较级/最高级的不规则变化badworseworst goodbetterbestmuch/manymoremost littlelessleast考例 1:2005 年镇江市 our team was much _ (strong) than theirs. we won the game at last.分析:所给的词 strong 为形容词,根据句意可知,应用形容词的比较级,即应填 strong 的比较级 stronger。考例 2:2005 年扬州

27、市 the more exercise you take, the _ youll be. (health) 分析:(略)应填 healthier。考例 3 :2005 年泰州市 houses in some cities now are much _ than before. (expensive)分析:(略)应填 more expensive。2.考查形容词转换成副词形容词+ly副词 badbadly,brightbrightly,certaincertainly,carefulcarefully,carelesscarelessly,clearclearly,cleancleanly,l

28、oudloudly,politepolitely,quickquickly,quietquietly,realreally,sadsadly,safesafelyslowslowly,strongstrongly,usualusually,widewidely,angryangrily,heavyheavily,easyeasily,happyhappily,silentsilently,luckyluckily,suddensuddenly,busybusilyexactexactly,neat neatly,noisynoisily,successfulsuccessfully,terri

29、bleterribly,truetruly,等。注意:earlyearly,fastfast,goodwell 等。考例: 2005 年扬 州市 be careful, or you won t work out the physics problem _.(easy)分析:所给的词 easy 为形容词,根据句意可知,应用副词修饰动词 work out,因此应填 easy 的副词 easily。3.考查形容词转换成名词参见“名词转换为形容词”注意:illillness foreignforeigner highheight truetruth考例:2005 年南京市when he saw th

30、e boy was in danger, edison rushed out and carried him to _ (safe).分析:所给的词 safe 为形容词,根据句意可知,应用名词作介词 to 的宾语,即应填 safe 的名词 safety。五对副词的考查1.考查副词的比较级/最高级(1).副词比较级/最高级的规则变化一般单音节的副词在词尾加-er/-est 例如:fastfaster/est,hard harder/est,longlonger/est,loudlouder/est,highhigher/est,soonsonner/est注意:earlyearlier/est多

31、音节副词和部分双音节副词,须在词前加 more/most。例如:angrilymore/most angrily 此 外 还 有 : quietly,quickly,sadly, slowly,widely,suddenly,happily,politly,clearly,often,carefully, carelessly,luckily 等。(2).副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化wellbetterbest, badlyworseworst,farfartherfurther/farthest furthest考例:2005 年南京市 mike and i started to lear

32、n painting at the same time, but now he can paint much _ (good) than i.分析:所给的词 good 为形容词,根据句意可知,应用副词的比较级,即应填 good 的副词 well 的比较 better。2.考查副词转换成形容词中考中不常出现。六对动词的考查1.考查动词转换成名词动词转换成名词常见的有:(1).动词+er名词workworker,teachteacher,keepkeeper,paintpainter,sellseller,speakspeaker,waitwaiter,cleancleaner, playplay

33、er, surfsurfer,singsinger,ownowner 等。(2).动词+r名词 managemanager,writewriter,dancedancer,divediver drivedriver,strikestriker 等。注意:runrunner,swimswimmer,traveltraveller,winwinner, robrobber,cookcook 等。(3). 动词+or名词 visitvisitor,inventinventor(4). 动词+(t)ion名词 invention,oprateopration,discussdiscussion,pol

34、lutepollution,(5). 动词+ing名词 parkparking,meanmeaning,surfsurfing,traintraining,shopshopping,meetmeeting,turnturning,cross crossing,beginbeginning,buildbuilding,cleancleaning,drawdrawing,paintpainting,swimswimming,washwashing 等。注意:robrobbery,pleasepleasure, diedeath,thinkthought,knowknowledge,appearap

35、pearance,disappeardisappearance,drydrought,flyflight 等。考例 1:2005 年南京市some foreign _(visit) from england came to our school last week.分析:所给的 visit 为动词,根据句意可知,应用名词作主语,即应填 visit 的名词复数visitors.考例 2:2005 年镇江市 paul is the best basketball _ (play) on school team. 分析:(略)应填 player。考例 3:2005 年徐州市 we feel sorry that chen yifei, a famous _ (paint), died when he was fifty-nine.分析:(略)应填 painter。考例 4:2005 年淮安市 every child has a dream. my life dream is to be a pop _ (sing).分析:(略)应填 singer。2.考查动词转换成形容词动词转换成形容词一般都是转换成其相应的形容词化的过去分词或现在分

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