HND-大三-商务文化与交流

1、IntroductionJD Wetherspoon plc was founded by Tim Martin who opened the first JD Wetherspoon pub in 1979. He based his model for a pub on a 1946 essay by George Orwell which referred to an imaginary pub called Moon under Water. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chai

2、n of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs, which means that it has expanded on average at the rate of about one new pub each week. Much of the success of JD Weatherspoon during the last two decades of the twentieth century was attributed to the founder, Tim Martin. He is a controversial and unusual cha

3、racter for a businessman. In his capacity as executive chairman, he regularly traveled round the country visiting pubs and, when he did so, he carried all his business documents in two plastic supermarket carrier bags. In this report, its purpose is to indicate four sections which External environme

4、nt, Organizational culture Business strategy and Change are concerning in JDW issues.Section 1 External environment A. “SPELT” analysisl Social factorIn the article, there are examples of social factors. Most pubs now have a dedicated family dining area where children and adults can eat together. Th

5、e area is restricted and limited to meal times only. Children are not allowed in the bar areas and company believes it does greatly after the atmosphere of the pubs. The pubs have a great rule to restrict children. Children are at young age,l Technical factorThey need education. Pubs are bad for the

6、m; it will bother the social security.It now has more than ten of these hotels, all of which have bar facilities attached to them. This is technical factor. In order to attach customer, the pubs must use high technology and equip it.l Economic factorsJD Wetherspoon has over 600 pubs and each has a v

7、entilation system(cost more than 100,000). In all, it cost more than 60,000,000. Aim to ensure that customer do not leave smelling of smoke. Customers are first. It is economic factors.l Political factorsThere was increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti

8、social behavior particularly in city centers. It belongs to political factors. Government concern about binge drinking, they intervened the behavior and take measures. Pubs can not be seen to be encouraging this state of affairs as it brings them bad publicity.l Logical factorThe traditional link be

9、tween the brewing companies and pubs known as the tied house system had been broken by a ruling from the monopolies and mergers commission which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate. This required to consider the implications of legislation, both in its policies and proce

10、dure and regard to the market in which it operation.JD Wetherspoon in the 21thcentury is competitive and severe. It is facing much more competition. What is more, it has many problems during the operation.(b) “SWOT” analysis l Strengths and weaknessesThe internal factors are strengths and weaknesses

11、. Although JD Wetherspoon faced big challenge, Tim Martin still keeps up the plan. He continues to hold over 15% of the shares and to influence and contribute to the way the business operates. The basic approach to JD Wetherspoon outlets remains unaltered but it has made some changes which are good

12、for its pubs. JD Wetherspoon has also reviewed it operations. It remains a successful business. Pubs now serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning before normal licensing hour begin at 11.00a.m. Completing to other pubs, it will get more customers. But JD Wetherspoon also has weakness. He gave

13、 up day to day control in 2004 to become non executive chairman working two days week. The influence is serious to JD Wetherspoon.l Opportunity and threatsOpportunity and threats are external factors. JD Wetherspoon reviewed it opportunity. In 2002, it acquires Lloyds pub chain consisting of 10 pubs

14、. Since then, It has developed the Lloyds Number One Brand and greatly increased the number of outlets.But JD Wetherspoon also has threats. For example, the market now appears to be over supplied. It competes with supermarket. Firstly, supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium lager, at

15、 loss-leader prices.(c) Advice to manger to use the SWOTThere are some simple rules for successful SWOT analysis. For example, be realistic about strength and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today and where it could be in the future. Wha

16、t is more, always analyze in relation to the competition and keep your SWOT short and simple, avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT should always be used, and then you can find the weaknesses in the organization. JD Wetherspoon can develop market such as internet, moving into new market segments

17、that offer improved profit and improve the location of business and quality of good and services. Section 2: Organizational culture(a) Organization culture in JDWl Organization cultureOrganization culture is the pattern of assumptions, values and norms shared by organization members. Research shows

18、that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. J D Wetherspoon in term of shared values and taken for granted assumptions in the organization. One is that value concerned with what ought to be in an orga

19、nization. Norms guide the way employees should behave in particular situations. The other is that basic assumptions, which, at a very fundamental, almost sub-conscious level, tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. Artifacts are the visible demonstration of the culture of an org

20、anization.l Shared valuesIn the case, company shared values in the organization culture. They are behavior norms that run through the whole company. The norms and values of a culture are effectively the rules by which its members must abide. They are pure and formal. Values are established by senior

21、 manager. They register as high profile symbols. For example, Wetherspoons has claimed that people are its best asset. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kind of back grounds to join the company. The flexible training policy is providing staff with opportunities. The com

22、pany uses lifestyle guarantee to give managers time for a life outside work. They work a 48 hour week with two consecutive days off and a maximum of four late closures a week. All managers get a day off in lieu for every bank holiday they work. Training courses, area meeting shift management meeting

23、 form part of the working week, so that they ensure training courses do not encroach into staff leisure time. These rules for people in company could create values of J D Wetherspoon.l Taken for granted assumptionsIn the case, company taken for granted assumptions in the organization culture. They a

24、re material and informal. The assumptions are come from the long-term development of organization culture, such as stories and rituals. They register as low profile symbols. Organization culture affects the companys operation. For example, taken for granted assumptions is that the long-term developm

25、ent such as stories and rituals. Stories describe what people talk about in the organization. Furthermore, it decrease what matters in the organization and what constitutes success or failure. Rituals are activities that the organization likes to highlight, as long service, sales achievement, innova

26、tion practices. A typical story includes a bad guy which often shady and unnamed and a good guy which often the founder or a prototypical cultural member. There may also be an innocent. In many respect, relations with staff stem from the informal approach adopted by Tim Martin. He used to enjoying t

27、elling stories of member of staff who over-indulged at the opening of a pub called the Monk retreat and drove away in a refuse lorry. She eventually becomes a regional manager. Rituals explain how an organization highlights and possibly rewards such practices. They may be used in such as rites of pa

28、ssage, such as when someone is promoted or retires. They may be associated with company events such as the release of a new event. They may also be associated with everyday events such as Christmas.(b) The type of culture in JDWJ D Wetherspoon has work hard and play hard type of culture. Deal and Ke

29、nnedys model of culture is based on characterizing different four types of organization, based on how quickly they receive feedback and reward after they have done something and the level of risks that they take. In the case, by the start of 21st century, however, they was facing much more competiti

30、on, they had adapted to the change, after a long-term development, the risk will be row, then reward and feed back will be quick. They accept advices from staff.The key aspect of companys operation is involvement communication. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company vide

31、o and by publicizing the minutes of board meeting. JD Wetherspoon places great importance on listening to, and acting on, feedback from member of staff on all aspects of the business. Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meeting and staffs are rewarded for their suggestions. Staf

32、f can also discuss company issues with visiting board members like Tim Martin.(b) The relationship between organization culture and behavior in JDW In J D Wetherspoon, the relationship between organizational culture and behaviour is coherent. The organizational culture decides the organizational beh

33、avior. In the case, J D Wetherspoon has work hard and play hard type of culture. It show that low risk and quick feedback. After the long term hard work, the risk is decreased and reward is much more. The companys operation is involvement and communication, staff keep I touch with weekly newsletters

34、, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. The relationship is affecting in each other.(c) Different management approach for different cultureSo J D Wetherspoon could not adopt the different culture such as tough guy. The company could not manage this type of culture

35、. In this culture, organizations must take high risks, they should be short-term development. But J D Wetherspoon was facing more completion and changes, they has the long-term investment. So tough guy is not fit for the company and could not get a good performance and work well. Section 3: Business

36、 Strategy (a) Introduction to Four strategiesThere are four strategies which organizations may adopt. They are Market Penetration, Market Development, Product Development and Diversification. The Market Penetration is the name given to a growth strategy where the business focuses on selling existing

37、 products into existing markets. The Market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets. Product development is the name given to a growth strategy where a business aims to introduce new products into existing markets. Th

38、is strategy may require the development of new competencies and requires the business to develop modified products which can appeal to existing markets. Diversification is the name given to the growth strategy where a business markets new products in new markets.In Market Penetration Strategy, Newsp

39、aper industry was appropriate it strategy. In Market Development, exporting the product, or marketing it in a new region, is examples of market development. For example what Alcohol Is?.(b) J DW strategy in 1980s and 1990sJ D Wetherspoon Company follows the market development strategy during the 198

40、0s and 1990s. The market development strategy is here we market our existing product range in a new market. In this case, the J D Wetherspoon company was just a retailer at first; bar is new market to J D Wetherspoon Company. J D Wetherspoon company have some product, it do not needs to cost for dev

41、elop new products. When the J D Wetherspoon company entry new market, it can have some new customer. When the J D Wetherspoon company entry new market, it needs to develop products by a new channel or market, so it can be to obtain more information of customers by a new channel or new market. In the

42、 new market, different price can attract the customers of different levels.(c) The change of JD Wetherspoon strategy during the 21st centuryJ D Wetherspoon Company has followed the Product Development strategy since the start of the 21st century. This is a new product to be marketed to our existing

43、customers. J D Wetherspoon Company has customers before 21st, now it needs new product to develop of the customer that has. The market development strategy is different form the product development. These two strategies are different on tendency. One is market and other one is product. Market develo

44、pment is existing product range in a new market, and the product development is a new product to be marketed to our existing customers. In this case, J D Wetherspoon pubs now serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning before normal licensing hours begin at 11.00 a.m.(d) The factors JDW to consi

45、der when changing its business strategyBefore changing its business strategy the J D Wetherspoon company has had to consider some factors. First is the price, J D Wetherspoon company just entry the market needs the low price attracts customers. In the case, J D Wetherspoon pubs sell a wide range of

46、real ale beers at relatively low prices. Second it needs considering different product form other pubs to attract customers. In this case, J D Wetherspoon pubs now serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning before normal licensing hours begin at 11.00 a.m. Some pubs now show televised football.

47、(e) The connection between the terms “business strategy” And “strategic choice”The business strategy is an abstraction, a construct. No concrete form or substance. And the strategic choice is a concrete, have clear-out directions. Different phases used different strategy. In this case, J D Wetherspo

48、on follow during the 1980s and 1990s used the market development strategy, while, in 21st, the J D Wetherspoon used the product development strategy.(f) The two issues that JDW to take account of to manage its Business strategy.J D Wetherspoon has had to take account of in order to manage its busine

49、ss strategy; the one key issue is principle of strategic. Different period should adoptee different strategy. The other issue is it needs considering there are resources whether can change. J D Wetherspoon needs to consider it money and materials whether rich.Section 4: changea. “Forces for change “

50、and resistance for changeThere are two forces for change. The one is the forces working for your desired changesdriving forces. And the other one is the forces working against your desired changesrestraining forces. In this case, in 21st have a lot of new pubs, the competition is more and more fierc

51、e, driving the pubs development. And as the local government policy to limited development of wine, driving the change of wine. But as the J D Wetherspoon company have made the achievement, the companys stuff unwilling to change, and the the J D Wetherspoon companys manager Tim Martin want to keep t

52、he original state and influences strength to keep the company. That is restraining forces of J D Wetherspoon Company. The drawing force is more than the restraining forces. So J D Wetherspoon Company needs to change strategy.I choose the social responsibility. In this case, J D Wetherspoon companys

53、pubs serve breakfast and open dallier in the morning before normal licensing hours. And the J D Wetherspoon companies reduce the content of the alcohol in wine. There are the J D Wetherspoon company social responsibilities.(b) Management roles in dealing with the changesDifferentiate the key roles p

54、layed by management from those of strategic management. Planning and budgeting is establishing detailed steps and timetables for achieving needed results ten allocating the resources necessary to make it happen. Organizing and staffing is establishing a structure, staffing that structure with indivi

55、duals, delegating responsibility and authority, providing policies and procedures, and creating methods to monitor implementation. Controlling and problem-solving is monitoring results, identifying deviations from plan, solve these problems. Producing the degree of predictability and order to consis

56、tently produce the short-term results expected by various stakeholders。(c) Advice to management to analyze situation and overcome Resistance to changeTactics for detailing with resistance to change include six approaches, which are education and communication, participation, support, negotiation, ma

57、nipulation; co-opting and coercion. About Education and Communication, it is important that management should not presume that knowledge and information are passed downward through the organization automatically but should ensure more effective communication with every employee at all stages of chan

58、ge, Resistance can be reduced by communication with employees to help them see the logic of a change.This tactic assumes that the course of resistance lies in misinformation or poor communication. It employees receive the full facts and clear up any misunderstanding receive the full facts and clear

59、up any misunderstanding, the resistance will subside. About participation and involvement, where the initiators do not have all the necessary information to design the change, and where others have considerable power to resist. When employees are involved in the change effort they are more likely to want change rather than resist it. This approach