限定词以及不定限定词的具体用法搭配详解

1、限定词( determiner)限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、定量或不定量等限定作用的一类词一、英语限定词种类1. 定冠词 ,不定冠词 ,零冠词。如： the, a2. 名词属格。如：my friends, Tom 3. 物主限定词。如 : my, your 4. 指示限定词 。如： this, that, these, those, such5. 疑问限定词。 如： what, whose, which6. 关系限定词 。如： which, whose7. 不定限定词。如： some, any, each, every, either, neither, all8. 数词 (

2、基数词、序数词、倍数词、分数词 )9. 量词。如： a lot of, lots of , a great/good deal of ,a great/large/good number of、限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词按它词汇意义可分为特指限定词、泛指限定词、定量限定词、不定量限定词四大类。这四类限定词有的能与单数、复数可数名词搭配，也可与不可数名词搭配1) 能与三类名词搭配的限定词主要有 ：the; my, Johns, the old mans ; some, any, no, all, other, such, what( ever), which (ever), whoseeg

3、. the bookthe booksthe money,my bookmy booksmy moneyJohn s bo-o-k- John s boo-k-s- John s money2) 能与单数名词搭配的限定词 。如 :a (n) , each, every, another, either ,one, neither, many a, such a (n) eg. each worker， every student， either book ， another book3) 能与复数名词搭配的限定词 。如：both, two, another two (three), many(

4、, a) few, several, these, those, a (great) number of 如： two girls ，( a) few words ， several students4) 能与不可数名词搭配的限定词 ,如：a bit of, a large amount of, a great deal of, (a) little much, less, (the) least a bit of water ， a large amount of money ， much noise5) 能与单复数名词搭配的限定词 。如：the first, the second, the

5、 last, the next, the otherthe first rose， the first roses， the last man, the last menthe next meeting， the next meetings， many a ship ， many ships 注意：用了 many a +单数可数名词作主语， 尽管是复数意义， 其后的动词还是要用单数形式。6) 能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。如( the) least， this， thatthe least knowledge, this/that work, this/that job7) 能与复数名

6、词和不可数名词搭配的限定词。如 :a lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, more, most, such, other . 如：a lot of books, a lot of money, lots of chairs, lots of food, such men, such bread Ex: 下面的练习，要求注意限定词与三类名词的搭配关系。11. DonA. many a tw orry aboutB. enough the seats.C. aTheregreat deal ofare _chairs inD. a bit of1.Whyis t

7、here_trafficon the streetsin Februarythan in May?A.lessB.fewerC. fewD. little2.Onaccountofthetyphoon shipment willarrivethis week.A.neitherB. allC. both D. these3.Theypaid_moneyfor the machinethan I expected.A.littleB.less C. muchD. fewer4.Thereare trees on _side of the street.A.such aB. both C. som

8、eD. each5.Haveyougot _copies to goround?A.the other B. enoughC.a littleD. much6.I saw _cars outside the buildingA.a littleB. any C. lotsof D.neither7.There s_wateri nthe bottle.A.few B.a number ofC. plenty ofD.any8.I dli ke _paper.A.a fewB. severalC. abit ofD. these9.Thereare_mistakes in the paper.A

9、. the B. alittle C. muchDa few10.Dotheyhaveair-conditionersforcoolingthe roomsin summer?the room.A. plenty of12. There is _ironB. any C. bothin this mine thanD. mostin that one._work hasto bedonebefore the plant goesintooperationA. MuchB.DoubleC. A number of D.Neither14. He wrote_essayson Victorian

10、novels in hisclass.A. thenextB. themost C. the other D.the more15. The modelworkerhad _thought of his owninterests.A. thelastB. lessC. the least D. another16.There mustbe _emptytalk but more hard work .A. fewerB. noC .the least D. less17. He has published _short stories in English.A. a greatamount o

11、fB .a number ofC. anotherD. many a18. We had_rainfallslastsummer.B. a great deal ofC. less D. a lot ofA. muchA. too much B. little C. a little D. only several、限定词与限定词之间的先后顺序关系在名词词组中心词之前如果有两个或两个以上限定词出现时,就会产生限定词的先后顺序问题。按其不同的搭配位置，限定词可分为前位限定词 :all, both, half;double,twice, three times; one-third, two fi

12、fths; what, such (a /an) 中位限定词 :(1) 定冠词和不定冠词 ;(2) 物主限定词 (my, your ( 3)指示限定词 (this, that, these,those);(4) s 属格名词 ;(5) 不定数量词 (如 some, enough ,no, any, every, each, either, neither);(6) 疑问限定词 what, which, whose;(7) 关系限定词 which, whose;(8) 带 ever 的 wh- 词 ,如 whatever, whichever, whoever 。后位限定词 (1):(1) 基数

13、词 ;(2) 序数词和一般序数词 next, last, (an) other, additional, further;(3) 封闭数量词 (a) few, fewer, several, most, more, many, much, (a) little, less, least;后位限定词 (2):plenty of, a bit of , a lot of , lots of, a great deal/quantity/amount /number of 如果一个名词词组带有上述三类限定词，其搭配关系总是按照“前位中位后位”的顺序排列。如allthefourteachers前中后a

14、llyourthreebooks前中后alltheselastfew days前中后后如果只有上述两类限定词，其搭配关系仍按照上述顺序halfhislecture前中those lastfew months中后后allotherstudents前后sucha misfortune前中some suchalloy中后ADHEREsuch 既属于前位限定词 ,又可归纳后位限定词。 在 such a和 such an 搭配中属于前 位限定词 ,而在与其他限定词 some, any, no, all, one, many 等搭配时 , such 则是后位限定词。 由上述例子可以看出， 中位限定词之间和

15、前位限定词之间是互相排斥的， 即一个名词中心词 之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。所以“我的那本书”不是“my that book ”而是 that book of mine ，因为 my 和 that 同是中位限定词，不可同时并列。但后位限定词的 使用却不受此限制。如 :many more copies, three other girls, his last two books, the first two chapters 等都是后位限定词重叠使用的实例。Ex. Choose an appropriate combination of determiners to fill i

16、n each black:The additional work will take weeks.A. the other B. another five C. other five D. the more He did it in _time it took me .A. the one-third B. half a C.the double D. one-third theI saw _ boys at the cinema.A. the both B. many a C. both the D. the several _candidates are girls.A. Half the

17、 B. The half C. Their half D. Half a5. He was on leave _ days.A. the few last B. few another C. few other D. the last few6. _friends usually speak highly of him.A. His some B.His many C.Many his D.Some his 7. Please serve meA. moresome B. thelessC. more the D. somemore_ alloymanybe usedtoreplacecopp

18、er.A. SuchaB. SomesuchC.Suchsome D.Severalsuchsoup.8.air.9. Please sendA. these_samples to London byB.five theseenoughC. enough theseD. these five10. Are you going A. all thesebuyB. these all C. all thistorice?D. both these11. They want atA. their double B. double theirleast _salaries.C. enough thei

19、r D. their enough dictionary is enough for me .A. Such one B. One such C. Such aone D. One such a13. _factors should be considered.A. These allB.Such allC. All such D. Some these14. _evenings he A. The firstdidfewenjoyB.Thehimself immensely. few firstC. The first some D. Some the first四 疑问限定词无论是做疑问代

20、词还是疑问限定词， which （ 哪个，哪些 ）和 what 所指的范围不同。 what 所指的范围是无限的，而 which 则指在一定的范围内，例如：1. Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？2. What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？3. Which university do you like best ？4. What university do you like best ？五. 关系限定词关系代词 whose 既充当引导词的作用，又对先行词起限定作用，在定语从句中作先行词 的定语。child who

21、se parents are dead is called an orphan.六 . 不定代词不定代词及其基本用法1. all, each, both,either, neither, some, any, one, (a) little, (a) few, many, much, other(s), another, 主语,宾语 ,表语,定语(既可用作名词，也可用作形容词)2. everyone, everybody,everything ； somebody, someone,something； anyone ,anybody ,anything ； nobody,nothing, n

22、o one 主语,宾语,表语，可以后跟 else ，而且可用作所有格( - s形式)3. none 主语、宾语 ,表语4. every, no（这两个只是形容词） 定语不定限定词与各类名词的搭配all, each, both,either, neither, some, any,one, (a) little, (a) few,many, much, other(s), another,1.只与复数可敉名词搭配的不定限定词both, many, (a) few2.只与不可敉名词搭配的不定限定词much, (a) little3.只与单数可敉名词搭配的不定限定词each (every, one)

23、, either, neither, many a,4.既可与复数可敉名词，又可与不可敉名词搭配的不定限定词 other, another,all, some, any, many,不定限定词的具体用法some和 any 既可用作限定词 ,也可用作不定代词 ,起名词词组的作用 ;但 no 只能用作限定词 不能单独使用。1) somea. some 主要用于肯定句。但当说话人期待肯定回答时，some 也能用于疑问句。Are there some letters for me ？I m expecting some.b. 当购物时向售货员提问或主人询问客人表示款待时,也可在疑问句中用 some。C

24、ould I have some letters for me Would you like some chocolate cake?c. 当 some 与单数可数名词连用时，相当于 certain 某(一 )个”的意思。 Some boy has broken a windowd. 当 some 修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词 ,表“几个” ,“一些”的意思。如 some questions , some children , some water , some ink2) anya. any 主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句、if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，或用于带有半否定词或具有否

25、定含义的动 词、形容词或介词的句子。如：1. Are they any stamps in the drawer ？2. You haven t any work to do3. He never had any luck4. Let me know if you hear any news5. If you have any news, call me up right away.b. any 也用于肯定句 ,意味“任何” 。通常重读，修饰单数可 可数名词和不可数名词。如：1.Come any day you like.2.Any time you want me, just send fo

26、r me .c. any+ 复数可数名词 /不可数名词 ,表“一些”any books, any waterd. any+ 单数可数名词 ,表示“ every”的含义Any child could answer that question.3) no 可修饰单复数可数名词和不可数名词。用法如下：anya) 用于 there is ( are), have (has), have(has) got 之后 , 等于 not 1.There are no letters for you today.2.He has no booksI v got no home.b) 用于连系动词之后 ,等于 no

27、t a ,但语气很强 .1.The girl was no beauty.2.He is no friend of mine.c) 用于其他动词之后1.I took no part in these negotiations.2.He could expect no sympathy from Joan.d) 用于修饰其他句子成分1.No boy at school had ever seen the sea.2.I min no mood for jokes.e) 用于警告、命令等标识No smoking ！f )用于表示程度 ,not any,用作状语 ,修饰形容词原级、比较级和副词比较级

28、1.But this is no unimportant question, my dear John2.She was no older than Li Ping.g) 用于固定习语1.Men are no longer at the mercy of nature.2.There nso such thing as ghosts.not 与 no 的区别 :a) not 可用于否定动词 ,no 则没有这种功能。b) no 是具有形容词性质的不定代词 ,只能与名词或相当于 名词的词连用 ,如 no time, no telephone, No spitting!c) no 等于 not an

29、y，因此不能用于 a， the， all, both,every 等词之前 ;在这些词之前必修用 not , 如 not a chance ,not the least, not all of us, not everyone, not enough。d) no 也不与姓名、副词、介词等连用。但 not 可与这些词 连用，如 me ， not George； not wisely； not on Sundays.e) some ，any， no 以及它们的合成词。这些复合词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 something ( -body ， -one， -where ) anything ( -body， -one， -where ) nothing ( -body ， -where)，后者不是限定词all, both, none, no one,