高教社高职高专英语Book4Unit 9

1、Unit 9 Welcoming 张宁宁张宁宁 全国成人高等教育规划教材全国成人高等教育规划教材 英语英语 4 4 （非英语专业专科用）（非英语专业专科用） Menu Pre-readingWhile-readingPost-reading Background information Vocabulary Grammar Focus Exercises Pre-reading activity: Background information Background information What is culture? What is cultural shock? HOME What is

2、 culture? vCulture is an integrated system of learned behavior patterns that are characteristic of the members of any given society. vCulture refers to the total way of life of particular groups of people. It includes everything that a group of people thinks, says, does and makes - its systems of at

3、titudes and feelings. Back What is cultural shock? Culture shock is a psychological disorientation that most people experience when living in a culture markedly different from ones own. v文化冲击(指一旦置身于异国文化的生活方式 中, 由于心理或生理上的不习惯而产生的不安 情绪) Back While-reading activity Main words Grammar focus Language poin

4、ts HOME Integrated Skills Development Main Words: v1. Shock va terrible shock to him v使他极为震惊 vfuture shock v未来冲击; 未来震憾(指对未来社会的发展, 技术的进 步, 价值观念及行为准则的变化, 担心不能适应而产 生的不安情绪) 2.strategy vn.战略(学),策略, 计谋, 作战方针; 智谋, 手腕 vstrategy and tactics v战略与战术 v-gist vn.战略家 3. assumption v假定; 设想; 假说 v假装; 摆出某种样子 vYour ass

5、umption is wrong. v你的假定是错的。 vHis assumption of power was welcomed by everyone. v他掌权为大家所欢迎。 vAssumption vn.圣母升天 4. reliable vadj.可靠的, 可信赖的, 确实的 vIt is reported on reliable authority that .reliable v据可靠方面消息. vreliableness n. vreliably adv. 5. Significance vn.意义, 意味深长; 含义重要性, 显著性 vof no little signific

6、ance v无关紧要的 vecological significance v生态意义 vfunctional significance v功能意义 6.psychological vadj. 心理学(上)的; 精神(现象)的 vpsychological research v心理学研究 vpsychological tests v心理测验 vpsychological moment v使在心理上发生效果的最恰当的时刻; 紧要关头 vpsychological warfare v心理战 7. Inevitably vadj.不可避免的; 无法避免的; 必然(发生)的 vthe inevitabl

7、e course of history v历史的必由之路 vDeath is inevitable. v死是不可避免的。 vMary was wearing her inevitable large hat. v玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。 8. impact vvt.插紧; 压紧撞击; 冲击; 击中;挤满; 塞满; 填 入 vThe war has impacted the area with military and defense workers. v战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。 vgive an impact to v对.起冲击作用 vmake a strong impa

8、ct on v对.有巨大影响 vmake a full impact on v对.有巨大影响 9. frustration vn.挫折, 失败, 使人失望的事;失效, 落空 vfrustration of our design v我们计划的失败 vfrustration of contract v合同落空 10.removal vn.移调动, 迁移 vremoval van v搬运卡车(特别是供搬家用) vremoval of an official v一官员的免职 vThe factory announced its removal to another town. v这家工厂宣布迁往另一座

9、城市。 11. necessity vn.必要性, 需要;必然(性);常用复必需品; 危 急 vas a necessity 必然地 vthe necessity of breaking the cigarette habit 戒烟的必要性 vunder the necessity (of doing sth.) v不得己而(做某事), 不得不(做某事), 被迫(做 某事) 12. commute vvi.购买或使用长期车票;往返的路程 vcommute between home and office v上下班来往通勤 vcommute between London and New York

10、v定期往返于伦敦纽约间 vabout an hours commute from the university v离大学一小时左右的汽车路程 13. mild v温柔的; 温和的; 和善的;(指食物、酒、烟等)味淡的, 不强烈的 vMild climate 温暖的气候 va mild answer 温和的回答 vmild cheese清淡的奶酪 v(as) mild as milk as a lamb, as a dove, as May v性情非常温和 vmild and bitter v淡味啤酒与苦味啤酒的混合品 14. fatigue vn.疲乏, 疲劳, 累活, 军杂役 vvt.使疲劳

11、, 使心智衰弱 vvi.疲劳 vsuffer from fatigue v感到疲劳 15. deliberately vadv. 故意地 vDeliberate vt.考虑; 熟思; 研究, 讨论 vHe deliberated the question before he made an answer. v答复以前, 他仔细地考虑了这个问题。 va deliberate decision v慎重的决定 va deliberate murder v蓄意谋杀 vdeliberate on v仔细研究, 审议 vdeliberate upon v仔细研究, 审议 16. deceive vvt.欺

12、诈骗, 蒙蔽; 使弄错, 使失望 vdeceive sb. with fair words v用花言巧语欺骗某人 vHe has deliberately deceived us. v他有意地欺骗我们。 vdeceive oneself v骗自己; 误解, 想错 vdeceive sb. into doing sth . v骗某人做某事 vHe that once deceives is ever suspected. v谚骗人一次, 受疑一世。 17. exploit vvt. 开拓, 开发, 开采, 剥削, 用以自肥 vv. 使用 vn.功绩勋, 业绩, 英勇的行为, 辉煌的成就 vthe

13、 exploits of the famous heroes v著名英雄的丰功伟绩 Back Language points v1. When a person moves from one culture to another, he suddenly finds that much of what he has learned about interpreting the actions of people around his is suddenly irreverent. vwhen引导一个时间状语从句，he finds that其后 跟一个主系表结构的宾语从句， what he ar

14、ound his 是宾语从句中的主语部分。fromto: 从到。 v2. Being unable to interpret the situations in which they find themselves, people often believe they are being deliberately deceived or exploited by host- country nationals. v现在分词或现在分词短语做状语时，其逻辑主语是 句子的主语。being unable tothemselves 的逻辑 主语是句子的主语people。 in which 引导的定语从

15、句they find themselves 用来修饰现行词 the situations, 正常顺序是 in the situations. people often believe theybelieve 之后引导的是省略that 的宾语从句。 v3. Some people may respond by developing negative stereotypes of the host culture, by refusing to learn the language and by mixing exclusively with people of their own culture

16、 background. v句子的基本模式是：some people may respond by, by and by. respond 之后 有三个by引导并列的短语表示方式。by是介 词，其后应跟名词或名词短语，或动词的-ing 形式来作名词成分。 v4. It does mean that recognition of its inevitability can lead to the development of the steps to reduce its impact. vdoes 在此句中起强调作用，以突出mean 的 重要性, 基本句型为：it does mean that

17、， that 之后引导一个句子，使整个句子真正的 主语，由于助于成分过长，为了避免头重脚 轻，故把it提前，它只是形式上的主语。lead to: 导致。 Back Grammar focus: “as” clause “as”可以引导以下从句可以引导以下从句examples 1. As 引导比较状语从句，其前面接as+ 形容词或副词。 1.Theres plenty of food, so eat as much as you like. 2.I got there as fast as I could. 2. As 引导原因状语从句。As I felt very tired, I went

18、to bed early. 3. As 引导时间状语从句。1. I watched her as she opened the letter. 2. The man slipped as he was getting off the train. 4. As 引导关系从句，它指代整个主句。As is known, the earth is round. Exercise vComplete the following sentences using asas (clause). v1. The station was nearer than I thought. The station was

19、nt_. v2. I got out less than I used to. I dont _. v3. the hotel is cheaper than I expected. The hotel isnt _. v4. the examination was easier than we expected. The examination wasnt _. as far as I thought get out as often as I used to as expensive as I expected as it usually does 介词的翻译 v英语介词的表现力比较强，翻

20、译时常需要转 移为汉语的动词或其它词类。 vHe is after vulgar interests. 他在追求追求低级趣味。 vNo one is against the proposal. 无人反对反对该提议。 vMost of the people are for the reform. 大多数 人赞成赞成改革。 Back Blank filling Translation Stimulated writing Topic discussion Exercises HOME Check your understanding vRead the passage carefully and

21、answer the following questions by completing the answers below them no more than 3 words). v1. When a person moves from one culture to another, he feels v _. v2. How does the psychological transition affect ones self-worth? v He experiences feeling of _, _, and _. v3. The main cause of cultural shoc

22、k is the removal of _. v4. If a person has a negative stereotype of the host country, he _ v to learn the language and mixes _ with the people of his own v cultural background. v5. What can people do to reduce the impact of cultural shock? v Recognition of the inevitability of _. Cultural shock diso

23、rientationfrustrationhelplessness the familiar culture refuses exclusively culture shock Build up your language stock vThe following experiences are taken from the passage you have just read. Match these expressions with the Chinese equivalents given in the table by putting the corresponding letters

24、 in the brackets. vA. a given situation G. in short vB. private world H. rather than vC. cultural background I. in economic terms vD. unknown rules J. mix with people vE. culture shock K. reduce the impact vF. host country L. interpret the situations v个人世界 （ ） 未知的规则 （ ） v某一特定情境 （ ） 东道国 （ ） v减少影响 （ ）

25、 理解各种情形 （ ） v与人交往 （ ） 从经济角度 （ ） v简而言之 （ ） 文化背景 （ ） BD AF K L J I GC Back vDiscuss what customs in China foreigners may find surprising? Make a list of at least five. How could you explain each custom to someone who doesnt know? The following example and sentence patterns may be of help to your discu

26、ssion. vExamples: v1. In my culture, people often accept compliments by saying, “thank you”. v2. In my culture, people are expected to interrupt and ask if they dont understand something. Sentence patterns v1. in my culture, people usually_. v2. in my culture, people dont usually _. v3. in my cultur

27、e, people are expected to _. v4. in my culture, people are not expected to_. v5. in my culture, people would_. Combine a sentence in Column A with a sentence in Column B by using as (reason, time) .write the complex sentence in the blanks below the table. A B 1.There isnt anything to eat in the hous

28、e. A. I listened carefully. 2.He explained what I had to do. B. we came in very quietly. 3.Tom was climbing out of the window. C. lets go out for a meal. 4.We didnt want to wake anyone up. D. he fell. 5.I had to walk home. E. she dropped her bag. 6.She didnt look at me. F. we all waved Goodbye to To

29、m. 7.She was getting out of the car. G. She passed me in the street. 8.He drove away in his car. H. I didnt have money for a taxi. Practice your language skills Making Conclusions 英语中，表示总结或结论的词语有：in short(简言之), in a word(总之), in brief(简言之), to sum up(总之), on the whole(大体上), it is generally (widely)

30、accepted (argued, held, believed) that(一般认为), therefore(因 此), thus(因而), it can (may) be concluded deduced, inferred) that(可以断定/推测), in conclusion(结论 为), finally(最后), altogether(总而言之), in all(总之), etc. Back vTranslate the following sentences into English by using the given words or phrase. v1. 简而言之，我

31、们无法避免文化冲击。（in short, avoid） v2. 我们经常需要适当调整为人处事的方法。（adjust, strategy） v3. 不管在哪种文化里，人们都要面对衣、食、住、行的问题。 （whatever, commute） v4. 陌生环境带来的困惑和挫折很容易削弱一个人的自信。 （frustration, impair） In short, we cannot avoid cultural shock. We often need to adjust our strategies to deal with people. In whatever culture people

32、must be faced with the necessity of clothing, eating, living and commuting. Bewilderment and frustration that the new environment has brought about can easily impair ones self-confidence. Back Simulated writing vHere are more patterns and expressions which are often used in a welcoming speech. Trans

33、late them into Chinese. Welcoming speech v许多学校为迎接新到的海外留学生，一般都要举行专门的迎 接仪式。在欢迎仪式上，学校官方代表致欢迎词。欢迎词的 结构一般是先说些表示欢迎的话语。接着，对本校的情况做 一个简要的介绍。然后，提及与新生有关的一些问题和解决 方法。最后，希望新生生活和学习皆顺利，并再次欢迎。公 司一般也会对重要的客人或新职工致词欢迎。程序与上述情 况大致相同。 vHere is a summary of the useful expression for writing a welcoming speech. You could add

34、 more examples. Development of a welcoming speech examples welcoming Welcome to Manchester University and the Faculty of Education. Introducing the University and Faculty The faculty has not only pursued a policy of academic excellence but has also held a concern for the welfare of students studying in the Faculty. Mentioning the problems and the difficulties the students may be experiencing You are also probably exp