人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势人力资源管理

1、人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 获取竞争优势的人力资源管理获取竞争优势的人力资源管理 Human Resource Management Gaining A Competitive Advantage 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 1人力资源管理导论人力资源管理导论 Introduction to Human Resource Management 本章问题： l 什么是人力资源管理以及它在企业管理中的作用？ Explain what human resource management is and the role it plays in the managem

2、ent process? l 传统的人事管理如何发展到现代人力资源管理？ Compare the traditional personnel management and the modern human resource management. l 人力资源管理如何赢得竞争优势？ How to gain the competitive advantage through HRM? 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 人是企业最宝贵的资源人是企业最宝贵的资源 Human Being Is the Most Important Resource in the World 企业的资源包括

3、： n人 n财，物，时间， 技术，信息 n软，活，感性，能动 n硬，死，理性，被动 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 1.2 Definition l 人力资源：企业内外具有劳动能力人的总和。 Human resources the summation of manpower, including internal and external labor forces of the company. l 人力资源管理是指影响企业员工态度，行为 和工作绩效的各种政策，实践和制度。 Human resource management The policies, practices and

4、 systems one needs to impact the aspects of employees, including their manners, behaviors and performances. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 2 The Trend of HR Management 2.1 The early years 经验管理阶段经验管理阶段(industrial revolution) The advent of machine power, mass production, and efficient transportation needs a f

5、ormal theory to guide managers to running their organizations. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 2.2 classical management古典管理理论（古典管理理论（1900s） lFayol Functions theoryincludingplanning, organizing,commanding,coordinating, controlling. lWeberBureaucracyaformoforganization markedbydivisionoflabor,hierarchyand regu

6、lations,andimpersonalrelationships lTalor Principles of scientific management. Fourprinciplesofmanagement: 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 developmentascienceforeachelementofanindividualswork,which replacestheoldruleofthumbmethods. Scientificallyselectandthentrain,teach,anddeveloptheworker. Heartilycooperate

7、withtheworkerssoastoensurethatallworkisdone inaccordancewiththeprinciplesofthesciencethathasbeendeveloped. Divideworkandresponsibilityalmostequallybetweenmanagement andworkers.Managementtakesoverallworkforwhichitisbetterfitted thantheworkers TheoryX.thesetofassumptionswhichholdsthatworkerscannotbe t

8、rustedandmustbecoercedintodoingtheirjobs.Workershavelittle ambition,dislikework,wanttovoidresponsibilityandneedtobeclosely directedtoworkeffectively. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 2.3 Hawthorne Studies 霍桑实验霍桑实验(1927-1932) Mayo,Harvardprofessor.(1932) HawthorneStudiesaseriesofstudiesthatprovided newinsights

9、ingroupnormsandbehavior. Includingfourstudies:lightingintensities,incentive plan,informalorganization,talking. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 2.4 the human relations movement 人际关系运动人际关系运动(1960s1970s) nMaslow, H u m a n i s t i c Psychologist. nHierarchy of human needs: nphysiological. nsafety nSocial nestee

10、m nself-actualization 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 2.5 Behavior Science Theories 行为科学行为科学(1960s1970s) nA group of psychologists and sociologists who relied on the scientific method for the study of organizational behavior. nVroom, Herzberg, nleadership, employee motivation, job design, conflict, organizat

11、ion design. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 2.6 Organizational Culture 企业文化企业文化(1980s) nA system of shared meaning within an organization that determines, in large d e g r e e , h o w employees act. n7s: structure , strategy, skill, staff, style, systems, shared values. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 2.7 Recent Tren

12、ds and Issues 当代趋势（当代趋势（1990s） l workforce diversity(劳动力多元化), e m p l o y e e s i n o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, or other characteristics. l Total quality management（全面质量管理） a philosophy of management that is driven by customer needs and expectat

13、ions l Re-engineering（企业流程再造）. A radical redesign of all or part of a companys work processes to improve productivity and financial performance. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 lBimodalworkforce（双峰劳动力）.Employeestend toperformeitherlow-skilledservicejobsfornear- minimumwageorhigh-skilledwill-payingjobs. lDown

14、sizing（下岗裁员）.Organizationalrestructuring effortsinwhichindividualsarelaidofffromtheirjobs. lContingentworkers（弹性工人）.Part-time,temporary orfreelanceemployees.Whoarecontingentworkers?Laid offs,workingparents,youngpeoplestillexperimentingwith differentjoboptions,seniorswhodontwantafulltime position 人力资

15、源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 从传统的人事管理到现代从传统的人事管理到现代 人力资源管理人力资源管理 The evolution from traditional personnel to modern human resource management 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 3.1 影响变迁的因素影响变迁的因素 the factors impacting the transitions l environment: development of high- tech, global economy, the emergence of a service ec

16、onomy, demographic trends, competitiveness in the markets, political legal change, human rights etc. l people : better education, self- expectation, white collar, treaty union movement 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 4. Strategic Function Of Human Resource Management n4.1 企业战略企业战略 busi

17、ness strategy n4.2 人力资源战略功能人力资源战略功能 function of HR strategies 迎接三大挑战迎接三大挑战three competitive challenges (1) 全球化globalization “world-is in-my-market” strategy, how to capture a piece of the global marketplace. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 lMultinationalcorporation(MNC)多国公司Companies thatmaintainsignificantop

18、erationsinmorethanonecountry simultaneouslybutmanagethemallfromonebaseinahome country. Transnationalcorporation(TNC).跨国公司Acompany thatmaintainssignificantoperationsinmorethanonecountry simultaneouslyanddecentralizesdecisionmakingineach operationtothelocalcountry Duringthe1990s,globalcompetitionisbei

19、ngreshapedby thecreationofregionalcooperationagreements. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 UNILEVER CROSS-CULTURAL TRAINING TRAINING GOALS understanding of Chinese circumstances, culture and markets ; finding a good march between Unilevers products and the style of Chinese consumers and markets. TRAINING PROGR

20、AM step 2. A lecture about cross-cultural adaptability step3. Visit a Chinese culture market street (food, cloth, arts, crafts, writings etc.) step4. Talk with Chinese residents step5. Discuss in groups cultural characteristics of China 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人

21、力资源管理 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 lThe European Union（欧盟（欧盟）.ThesigningoftheMasstricht TreatyinFebruary1992,createdtheformationofa12nationsEU.This treatyunitedthe380millionpeopleofBelgium,Denmark,France, Greece,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,theNetherlands,Portugal,Spain,the UnitedKingdo

22、m,Germany.,Austria,Finland,andSweden.Asasingle market,therearenonationalbarrierstotravel,employment,investment, andtrade.EUisthelargesteconomicmarketintheworldwithagross domesticproductin1992of$8trillion.NowUSAfirmsinsuchdiverse industriesastelecommunications,heavyequipment,pharmaceuticals, civilian

23、aerospace,banking,automobiles,computers,electronics,food, beveragesfacevigorouschallengesfromtheirEuropeancounterparts. lNorth American Free Trade Agreement（北美自由贸易区）（北美自由贸易区）. Mexico,Canada,andU.S.A.itopenedavastmarketofover363million consumers,itsgrossdomesticproductof8.7trillionin1992.Allbarriers

24、tofreetradesuchastariffs,importlicensingrequirements,andcustoms userfeesbelimited,andthelongtermbenefitsofjobcreation,market developmentandincreasinglivingstandardsforallthreecountries. lAsia Pacific Economic Cooperation（亚太经济贸易区）（亚太经济贸易区） 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 (2) 高绩效工作系统 high-performance work syst

25、em The work system that combines social system and techniques system together in the enterprises. l New technology are increasing clerical functions such as technical, managerial, professional functions. Job , organization structure will be redesigned. New incentive and compensation plans, new job d

26、escriptions written, new employee selection, evaluation and new programs will be instituted. l Increased competition and shorter product life cycles are creating the need for more flexible, adaptable companies. 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 Aa Team work A workershouldhasagoodsenseofgroupthat meanshasacapab

27、ilityofself-managed.Themorecomplex thetask,themorethegroupwillbenefitfromdiscussion amonggroupmembers.Ifthereisahighdegreeof interdependenceamongthetasksthatgroupmembersmust perform,thememberswillneedtointeractmore.Effective communicationandcontrolledlevelsofconflictwillrelateto groupperformancewhen

28、tasksareinterdependent. lJob enlargement:trainingandencouragingemployeeto performarangeofjobsrelatedtotheonestheyholdsothat manpowercanbeusedmoreflexibly.Assigningadditional taskstoanemployeeinordertomakehisjobmorevariedand interesting.Job enrichment:changefiguresofajobother thancompensation, 人力资源管理

29、知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 (3)满足相关群体的需求 Satisfytheneedsoftherelatedgroups Stockholders Consumers Employees-qualityofworklife(QWL) 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 5. Coordination of human resource management and business strategies n5.1 cooperative line and staff human resource management 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 Departm

30、ent supervision (Line) Personnel (staff) Recruit- ing And Hiring Prepare outlining specific qualifications of employees for specific positions. Interview and selection Conduct skilled interviews Make decision of hiring Written job description Make plan of advance position. Develop potential candidat

31、es Refer best candidates to supervisor Train and develop -ment Instruct and train new employees Suggestion about train Provide information about total quality management and work team Planning training programs Give suggestion of HR Develop employee job performance tool Keep complete record of perso

32、nnel Make career plan 人力资源管理知识-获取竞争优势 人力资源管理 Compen- sation Provide information of position and its values Decide the wage level Appraisal performance Participate the planning of financial incentives, benefits and services Carry out the performance appraisal Job Investigation of salary level Suggest

33、ion about pay plans Discussion subsidize and benefits with line managers Supervise insurance pay Labor Relation Establish day to day relationship of respect and trust with union officials Consistently apply labor contract terms Smooth workers complain way Take part in wage bargaining with HR managers Advise supervisors and find out the facts on grievances Diagnose the questions and labor difficulties Investigation for wage bargaining Train lin