ggplot例子整理

1、Using ggplot2 Hadley Wickham 是 RStudio 的首席科学家以及 Rice University 统计系的助理教授。他是著名图形可视化软件 包 ggplot2 的开发者，以及其他许多被广泛使用的软件包 的作者，代表作品如 plyr、reshape2 等 Layout 概念 例子 Layout 数据和映射 ggplot(data,aes(x=,y=,fill=) 数据集 映射 Layout 几何对象 ：散点图，气泡图，条形图，折线图，箱形图 统计变换 ：封箱（bin），identity 位置调整：dodge,fill,identity 坐标系统: xlim,ylim

2、 图层 分面: facet_grid 例子 1散点图起手势 ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=wt, y=mpg) + geom_point() Mtcars数据格式 2shape参数修改图形的形状 ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=wt, y=mpg) + geom_point(shape=21) 3size参数修改图形的大小 ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=wt, y=mpg) + geom_point(size=1.5) ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=wt, y=mpg) + geom_point(size=5) 4 多因素作图 heightweig

3、ht, c(sex, ageYear, heightIn) ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, colour=sex) + geom_point() ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, shape=sex,color=sex) + geom_point() 5 scale_shape_manual 设置想要shape ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, shape=sex, colour=sex) + geom_po

4、int() + scale_shape_manual(values=c(1,2) + scale_colour_brewer(palette=Set1) ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, colour=weightLb) + geom_point() ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, size=weightLb) + geom_point() 6scale_fill_gradient设置legend的颜色 ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=weight

5、Lb, y=heightIn, fill=ageYear) + geom_point(shape=21, size=2.5) + scale_fill_gradient(low=black, high=red) 7scale_fill_gradient设置break的大小 ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=weightLb, y=heightIn, fill=ageYear) + geom_point(shape=21, size=2.5) + scale_fill_gradient(low=black, high=red, breaks=12:17, guide=guid

6、e_legend() 8scale_size_area()使图形比例恰当 ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, size=weightLb, colour=sex) + geom_point(alpha=.5) + scale_size_area() +scale_colour_brewer(palette=Set1) 9Alpha参数修改透明度 sp - ggplot(diamonds, aes(x=carat, y=price) sp + geom_point() sp + geom_point(alpha=.1) sp + geo

7、m_point(alpha=.01) 10使用bin方法显示高密度散点图 sp + stat_bin2d() 10Bin设置区分度， scale_fill_gradient limit 设置上标下标 sp + stat_bin2d(bins=50) + scale_fill_gradient(low=lightblue, high=red, limits=c(0, 6000) 11scale_fill_gradient设置legend 的坐标 sp + stat_bin2d() + scale_fill_gradient(low=lightblue, high=red, breaks=c(0,

8、 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000), limits=c(0, 6000) 12Position=“jetter”画扰动图 sp1 - ggplot(ChickWeight, aes(x=Time, y=weight) sp1 + geom_point() sp1 + geom_point(position=jitter) head(ChickWeight) 13Geom_boxplot的几何对象 sp1 + geom_boxplot(aes(group=Time) 14stat_smooth(method=lm)对散点图增加线 性回归 sp - ggplot(

9、heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn) sp + geom_point() + stat_smooth(method=lm) # 默认95%置信 15Level函数设置线性回归设置置信区域 sp + geom_point() + stat_smooth(method=lm, level=0.99) sp + geom_point() + stat_smooth(method=lm, se=FALSE,colour=“black”) method=loess 16 Annotate添加文本 sp + annotate(text, label=r2=0.4

10、2, x=16.5, y=52) 17 Annotate添加标签 sp 2000), aes(x=healthexp, y=infmortality) +geom_point() sp + annotate(text, x=4350, y=5.4, label=Canada) + annotate(text, x=7400, y=6.8, label=USA) 18 Geom_text(aes(lable=)批量添加标签 sp + geom_text(aes(label=Name), size=4) 19Geom_text通过设置x=确定标签位置 sp + geom_text(aes(x=he

11、althexp+100, label=Name), size=4, hjust=0) 20stat_density2d()画二维散点图 p - ggplot(faithful, aes(x=eruptions, y=waiting) p + geom_point() + stat_density2d() 21 scale_colour_brewer(palette=Set1) 对调色板进行选择 ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, shape=sex, colour=sex) + geom_point() + scale_shape_m

12、anual(values=c(1,2) + scale_colour_brewer(palette=Set1) 22Element_blank()表示清空 ggplot(tophit, aes(x=reorder(name, avg), y=avg) + geom_point(size=3)+theme_bw() + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=60, hjust=1), panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor.y = element_blank(), panel.grid.

13、major.x = element_line(colour=grey60, linetype=dashed) 23Legend设置的重要参数 ggplot(tophit, aes(x=avg, y=name) + geom_segment(aes(yend=name), xend=0, colour=grey50) + geom_point(size=3, aes(colour=lg) + scale_colour_brewer(palette=Set1, limits=c(NL,AL) + theme_bw() + theme(panel.grid.major.y = element_bla

14、nk(), legend.position=c(1, 0.55), # Put legend inside plot area legend.justification=c(1, 0.5) ggplot(tophit, aes(x=avg, y=name) + geom_segment(aes(yend=name), xend=0, colour=grey50) + geom_point(size=3, aes(colour=lg) + scale_colour_brewer(palette=Set1, limits=c(NL,AL), guide=FALSE) + theme_bw() +

15、theme(panel.grid.major.y = element_blank() + facet_grid(lg ., scales=free_y, space=free_y) 24 条形图起手势 ggplot(pg_mean, aes(x=group, y=weight) + geom_bar(stat=identity) 25 Stat identity对数据不进行统计变化 ggplot(pg_mean, aes(x=group, y=weight) + geom_bar(stat=identity, fill=lightblue, colour=black) 26 position图

16、形的位置关系 ggplot(cabbage_exp, aes(x=Date, y=Weight, fill=Cultivar) + geom_bar(position=“dodge”) #去掉position则柱形图堆起来 27 width调整柱形图的宽 ggplot(cabbage_exp, aes(x=Date, y=Weight, fill=Cultivar) + geom_bar(stat=identity, width=0.5) 28 position=position_dodge(0.7) 调整柱形图相对位置 ggplot(cabbage_exp, aes(x=Date, y=We

17、ight, fill=Cultivar) + geom_bar(stat=identity, width=0.5, position=position_dodge(0.7) 29 Geom_text()添加数据标签 ggplot(cabbage_exp, aes(x=interaction(Date, Cultivar), y=Weight) + geom_bar(stat=identity) + geom_text(aes(label=Weight), vjust=1.5, colour=white) ggplot(cabbage_exp, aes(x=interaction(Date, C

18、ultivar), y=Weight) + geom_bar(stat=identity) + geom_text(aes(label=Weight), vjust=-0.2) 30 Xlim,ylim设置xy的距离 ggplot(cabbage_exp, aes(x=interaction(Date, Cultivar), y=Weight) + geom_bar(stat=identity) + geom_text(aes(label=Weight), vjust=-0.2) + ylim(0, max(cabbage_exp$Weight) * 1.05) 31 添加2组数据标签 lib

19、rary(plyr) ce - arrange(cabbage_exp, Date, Cultivar) ce - ddply(ce, Date, transform, label_y=cumsum(Weight) ggplot(ce, aes(x=Date, y=Weight, fill=Cultivar) + geom_bar(stat=identity) + geom_text(aes(y=label_y, label=Weight), vjust=1.5, colour=white) 32 使用paste形成想要的lable library(plyr) ce - arrange(cab

20、bage_exp, Date, Cultivar) ce - ddply(ce, Date, transform, label_y=cumsum(Weight) ggplot(ce, aes(x=Date, y=Weight, fill=Cultivar) + geom_bar(stat=identity) + geom_text(aes(y=label_y, label=paste(format(Weight, nsmall=2), kg), size=4) + guides(fill=guide_legend(reverse=TRUE) + scale_fill_brewer(palett

21、e=Pastel1) 33 Geom_errobar柱形图添加误差线 ce - subset(cabbage_exp, Cultivar = c39) ggplot(ce, aes(x=Date, y=Weight) + geom_bar(fill=white, colour=black) + geom_errorbar(aes(ymin=Weight-se, ymax=Weight+se), width=.2) 34 coord_flip()坐标系翻转 ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, y=weight) + geom_boxplot() + coord_fl

22、ip() 35 coord_polar()柱形图升级台风图 ggplot(wind, aes(x=DirCat, fill=SpeedCat) + geom_histogram(binwidth=15, origin=-7.5) + coord_polar() + scale_x_continuous(limits=c(0,360) 36 coord_fixed()XY轴比例相同 sp - ggplot(marathon, aes(x=Half,y=Full) + geom_point() sp + coord_fixed() 37 scale_y_continuous配合break设置x,y

23、坐标 轴刻度 sp + coord_fixed() + scale_y_continuous(breaks=seq(0, 420, 30) + scale_x_continuous(breaks=seq(0, 420, 30) ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, y=weight) + geom_boxplot() + scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(4, 4.25, 4.5, 5, 6, 8) 38坐标刻度用字符 ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, y=weight) + geom_boxplot() + s

24、cale_x_discrete(limits=c(trt2, ctrl), breaks=ctrl) 39 去除Y的坐标系 p - ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, y=weight) + geom_boxplot() p + theme(axis.text.y = element_blank() 40 breaks=NULL去除Y的刻度 p + scale_y_continuous(breaks=NULL) 41 scale_y_continuous修改刻度的lable hwp + scale_y_continuous(breaks=c(50, 56, 60,

25、 66, 72), labels=c(“Tiny”, “Reallynshort”, “Short”， Medium, Tallish) 41 theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=90, hjust=1, vjust=.5) 调整lable的角度 bp - ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, y=weight) + geom_boxplot() + scale_x_discrete(breaks=c(ctrl, trt1, trt2), labels=c(Control, Treatment 1, Treatment 2)

26、 bp + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=90, hjust=1, vjust=.5) 42 调整lable角度为30 bp + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle=30, hjust=1, vjust=1) 43theme(axis.text.x = element_text修改字体 和颜色 bp + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(family=Times, face=italic, colour=darkred, size=rel(0.9) 45Xlab和 ylab

27、添加标题 hwp - ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, colour=sex) +geom_point() hwp + xlab(Age in years) + ylab(Height in inches) 46去除x轴标题 p - ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, y=weight) + geom_boxplot() p + theme(axis.title.x=element_blank() 47修改title的字体 hwp - ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear

28、, y=heightIn) + geom_point() hwp + theme(axis.title.x=element_text(face=italic, colour=darkred, size=14) 48 theme(axis.line =element_line(colour=black) 坐标轴改颜色 p - ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn) + geom_point() p + theme(axis.line = element_line(colour=black) 49 theme_bw()背景颜色去掉 p + t

29、heme_bw() + theme(panel.border = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour=black) 50 调整XY坐标轴粗细 p + theme_bw() + theme(panel.border = element_blank(), axis.line = element_line(colour=black, size=4, lineend=square) 51 柱形图起手 ggplot(faithful, aes(x=waiting) + geom_histogram() 52 Binwidth设置每个bin的宽

30、度 ggplot(faithful, aes(x=waiting) +geom_histogram(binwidth=5, fill=white, colour=black) Orign设定图形起始位置 h - ggplot(faithful, aes(x=waiting) h + geom_histogram(binwidth=8, fill=white, colour=black, origin=31) h + geom_histogram(binwidth=8, fill=white, colour=black, origin=35) 使用facet_grid(x .)分页 ggplot

31、(birthwt, aes(x=bwt) + geom_histogram(fill=white, colour=black) + facet_grid(smoke .) 两因素，相互覆盖的柱形图 ggplot(birthwt1, aes(x=bwt, fill=smoke) + geom_histogram(position=identity, alpha=0.4) 用密度曲线看数据分布 ggplot(faithful, aes(x=waiting) + geom_density() ggplot(faithful, aes(x=waiting) + geom_line(stat=densi

32、ty) 使用adjust调整密度的曲线 ggplot(faithful, aes(x=waiting) + geom_line(stat=density, adjust=.25, colour=red) + geom_line(stat=density) + geom_line(stat=density, adjust=2, colour=blue) 柱形图密度图结合y=.density. ggplot(faithful, aes(x=waiting, y=.density.) + geom_histogram(fill=cornsilk, colour=grey60, size=.2) +

33、geom_density() + xlim(35, 105) 数据框因子替换 library(MASS) birthwt1 - birthwt birthwt1$smoke - factor(birthwt1$smoke) birthwt1$smoke - revalue(birthwt1$smoke, c(0=No Smoke, 1=Smoke) 频率多变图geom_freqpoly ggplot(faithful, aes(x=waiting) + geom_freqpoly() ggplot(faithful, aes(x=waiting) + geom_freqpoly(binwidt

34、h=4) width设置箱子图的宽度 ggplot(birthwt, aes(x=factor(race), y=bwt) + geom_boxplot(width=.5) outlier.size设置箱形图异常值的大小和形状 ggplot(birthwt, aes(x=factor(race), y=bwt) + geom_boxplot(outlier.size=1, outlier.shape=21) notch增加凹口 ggplot(birthwt, aes(x=factor(race), y=bwt) + geom_boxplot(notch=TRUE) geom_violin()画

35、小提琴图 p - ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=sex, y=heightIn) p + geom_violin() 图形整合 p + geom_violin(fill=yellow) + geom_boxplot(width=.1, fill=black, outlier.colour=NA) + stat_summary(fun.y=median, geom=point, fill=white, shape=21, size=2.5) Geom_line画线图 ggplot(BOD, aes(x=Time, y=demand) + geom_line() 因子化后需

36、要添加group参数 BOD1 - BOD # Make a copy of the data BOD1$Time - factor(BOD1$Time) ggplot(BOD1, aes(x=Time, y=demand, group=1) + geom_line() 线点结合，添加多个图层 ggplot(BOD, aes(x=Time, y=demand) + geom_line() +geom_point() scale_y_log10()对y轴进行log化 ggplot(worldpop, aes(x=Year, y=Population) + geom_line() + geom_p

37、oint() ggplot(worldpop, aes(x=Year, y=Population) + geom_line() + geom_point() + scale_y_log10() Linetype改变线形状 ggplot(tg, aes(x=dose, y=length, colour=supp) + geom_line() ggplot(tg, aes(x=dose, y=length, linetype=supp) + geom_line() 设置Linetype ggplot(BOD, aes(x=Time, y=demand) + geom_line(linetype=d

38、ashed, size=1, colour=blue) geom_area()画面积图 sunspotyear - data.frame( Year = as.numeric(time(sunspot.year), Sunspots = as.numeric(sunspot.year) ) ggplot(sunspotyear, aes(x=Year, y=Sunspots) + geom_area() 画面积图 sunspotyear - data.frame( Year = as.numeric(time(sunspot.year), Sunspots = as.numeric(sunsp

39、ot.year) ) ggplot(sunspotyear, aes(x=Year, y=Sunspots) + geom_area() ggplot(uspopage, aes(x=Year, y=Thousands, fill=AgeGroup) + geom_area() 画置信区间 geom_ribbon画置信区间 ggplot(clim, aes(x=Year, y=Anomaly10y) + geom_ribbon(aes(ymin=Anomaly10y-Unc10y, ymax=Anomaly10y+Unc10y), alpha=0.2) + geom_line() 采用虚线画置

40、信区间 ggplot(clim, aes(x=Year, y=Anomaly10y) + geom_line(aes(y=Anomaly10y-Unc10y), colour=grey50, linetype=dotted) + geom_line(aes(y=Anomaly10y+Unc10y), colour=grey50, linetype=dotted) + geom_line() 添加公式，注意平方的写法 p - ggplot(data.frame(x=c(-3,3), aes(x=x) + stat_function(fun = dnorm) p + annotate(text,

41、x=2, y=0.3, parse=TRUE, label=frac(1, sqrt(2 * pi) * e -x2 / 2) Geom_hline等给图形添加线 p - ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, colour=sex) + geom_point() p + geom_hline(yintercept=60) + geom_vline(xintercept=14) geom_abline画斜线 p + geom_abline(intercept=37.4, slope=1.75) 在某一个变量处加线 pg + geom_vl

42、ine(xintercept = which(levels(PlantGrowth$group)=ctrl) Annotate的gegment添加线段 p - ggplot(subset(climate, Source=Berkeley), aes(x=Year, y=Anomaly10y) + geom_line() p + annotate(segment, x=1950, xend=1980, y=-.25, yend=-.25) 通过annotateannotate添加箭头 library(grid) p + annotate(segment, x=1850, xend=1820, y

43、=-.8, yend=-.95, colour=blue, size=2, arrow=arrow() 复杂化的箭头添加 library(grid) p + annotate(segment, x=1850, xend=1820, y=-.8, yend=-.95, colour=blue, size=2, arrow=arrow() + annotate(segment, x=1950, xend=1980, y=-.25, yend=-.25, arrow=arrow(ends=both, angle=90, length=unit(.2,cm) Annotate的rect添加阴影 p +

44、 annotate(rect, xmin=1950, xmax=1980, ymin=-1, ymax=1, alpha=.1, fill=blue) ggtitle添加标题 p - ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn) + geom_point() p + ggtitle(Age and Height of Schoolchildren) p + ggtitle(Age and Heightnof Schoolchildren) Theme设置title的位置 p + ggtitle(Age and Height of Schoolc

45、hildren) + theme(plot.title=element_text(vjust = -2.5) 修改字体 p + theme(axis.title.x=element_text(size=16, lineheight=.9, family=Times, face=bold.italic, colour=red) 文本修改的参数 使用白色的背景主题 p - ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn) + geom_point() p + theme_bw() Theme设置网格线 p - ggplot(heightweight,

46、aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn, colour=sex) + geom_point() p + theme( panel.grid.major = element_line(colour=red), panel.grid.minor = element_line(colour=red, linetype=dashed, size=0.2), panel.background = element_rect(fill=lightblue), panel.border = element_rect(colour=blue, fill=NA, size=2) theme修改每个标题

47、 p + ggtitle(Plot title here) + theme( axis.title.x = element_text(colour=red, size=14), axis.text.x = element_text(colour=blue), axis.title.y = element_text(colour=red, size=14, angle = 90), axis.text.y = element_text(colour=blue), plot.title = element_text(colour=red, size=20, face=bold) theme修改标签

48、 p + theme( legend.background = element_rect(fill=grey85, colour=red, size=1), legend.title = element_text(colour=blue, face=bold, size=14), legend.text = element_text(colour=red), legend.key = element_rect(colour=blue, size=0.25) theme修改分页选项 p + facet_grid(sex .) + theme( strip.background = element

49、_rect(fill=pink), strip.text.y = element_text(size=14, angle=-90, face=bold) p + theme_bw() + theme(axis.title.x = element_text(colour=red, size=12) 隐藏网格线 p - ggplot(heightweight, aes(x=ageYear, y=heightIn) + geom_point() p + theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank() 通过guides标签去除 p - ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, y=weight, fill=group) + geom_boxplot() p + guides(fill=FALSE) p + theme(legend.position=none) 通过theme设置legend的位置 p - ggplot(PlantGrowth, aes(x=group, y=weight, fill=group) + geom_boxplo