动词不定式用法小结(2 periods)

1、高二英语 Unit 1 Living well 导学案 动词不定式用法小结(2 periods) 【学习目标】Learn about the infinitive and know how to use the infinitive. 【学习重难点】Learn how to use the infinitive.【学法指导】1.Analyse the sentence structure and master different functions of the infinitive. 2.Memorize some special structures.【知识链接】According to

2、the text on Pages2-3 , complete the sentences which contain infinitives and analyse the functions of infinitives .1.Unfortunately , the doctors dont know _ (怎样使) me better .(宾语)2.I have learned _ (适合) my disability .( )3.Then I started _(越来越虚弱) . ( )4.It is difficult _ (知道未来意味着什么) ( )5.Sometimes , t

3、oo , I was too weak _ (不能上学) so my education suffered . ( )6.I am happy _ (已找到 ) many things I can do . ( )7.My ambition is _(为一家公司工作 )that develops computer software when I grow up . ( )8.Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company _ (已决定买) it from me . ( )9.I have a very busy l

4、ife with no time _(闲坐) feeling sorry for myself . ( )10._(照看) my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile . ( )11.I have to work hard _ (为了过一种正常的生活) but it has been worth it . ( )12.If I have a chance _(说一件事)to healthy children ,it would be this. ( )13.Just accept them for who they

5、 are and give them encouragement _(和你一样过一种丰富而充实的生活) . ( )【学习过程】Step （基础知识回顾）【自填助记】动词不定式由_+_构成。这里的_是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。 常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。 动词不定式主 动被 动用 法一般式表示在谓语动词之_或同时发生的动作完成式表示在谓语动词_发生的动作实行式表示正在实行的动作，与_表示的动作同时发生完成实行式表示在谓语动词之前一直实行的动作【巩固使用】1. I hope to _

6、again. = I hope that _ again. 我希望再见到你。 2. Im sorry to_ so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。 3.I would love _(去) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(go)4.The boy pretended _(在读书) when his mother entered.（read）5.Little Jim should love _(带去) to the theatre this evening

7、.(take)6.Robert is said _(学习) abroad for many years, but I dont know what country he is studying in.(study)7. The first computer is generally considered_(发明)by Charles Babbage.(invent)8.The Emperor ordered the wonderful clothes _(制作) for him without delay.（make）9.We find it impossible for the work _

8、(完成)ahead of time.(finish)Step （语法功能）【自填助记】 动词不定式能够充当除_以外的句子成分。它和过去_,动词-ing 形式一起叫做_动词。1.不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。 1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为：动词+不定式。例如： afford, aim, agree, arrange, ask ,decide, bother, care ,choose, demand ,desire ,determine ,hope, fail, help, learn ,long(渴望) ，mean ,manage, offer, plan, pretend ,r

9、efuse, tend, expect, hate, intend 【巩固使用】(1)The driver failed_ the other car in time. 司机没能即时看见另一辆车。 (2) He offered_ me. 他表示愿意协助我。 2）有些动词除了能够用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即：动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：ask ,choose, expect, help ,beg, intend ,like/love, need, prefer, prepare ,want ,wish 【巩固使用】(1)I like_ everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西

10、都保持整洁。 (2)I like _everything tidy.我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 (3)I want _ to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 (4)I want_ to Tom. 我想你和汤姆谈话。 3）【观察思考】Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。【归纳用法】有些动词或动词词组能够用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如： decide, know, consider, forget, learn ,remember ,show, wonder ,find out ,tell ,inquire ,explain 【巩固使用】T

11、here are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind _.(know)有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 2. 不定式作补语 1)有些动词+宾语+不定式的结构。advise, allow, cause ,challenge, command ,drive (驱使) ,enable, encourage, forbid, force, instruct, invite, like/love ,order, permit ,make, let ,have, want ,get ,warn,

12、persuade, request ,send, tell, train ,urge 【巩固使用】（1)Father will not _.(allow)父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 （2)The officer _. 长官命令士兵开火。 【温馨提示】有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在实行，过去分词表达被动。 2) 有些动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般能够省去。例如： consider, find ,believe, think ,appoint , guess ,fancy（设想）, gu

13、ess ,judge ,imagine ,know 【巩固使用】 We believe_.我们相信他是有罪的。 3)【观察思考】We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。【归纳用法】有些动词能够跟there +to be的结构。例如： believe ，expect， intend ，like， love， mean ,prefer ,want ,wish, understand【巩固使用】You wouldnt want _. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。 3. 不定式作主语【观察思考】Its so

14、nice to hear your voice . 听到你的声音真高兴。【归纳用法】不定式作主语，往往用_作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 【巩固使用】 (1)Its necessary for you _when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 (2)It seemed selfish _. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 【温馨提示】Its adj. for sb. to do-和 Itsadj. of sb. to do- 这样的句子中，因为表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1）for sb. 句

15、型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如： Its very hard _ to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智水平，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如： Its very nice _to help me. 你来协助我，你真是太好了。 4. 不定式作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

16、 1) My work is _. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。 2) His dream is_. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 5.不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如： 1)I have a lot of work _. 我有很多事要做。 2)There was nothing for me_(带回家) that morning. (take)6.不定式作状语 1）目的状语 常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do, so as to do, so（such） as to（如此以便）。例如： (1)He r

17、an so fast as_ the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 (2) I come here only _. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2）作结果状语，能够表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 (1)I awoke _.我醒来发现箱子不见了。 (2)He searched the room only_.他搜索了房间，没发现什么。 3）表原因 (1)Im glad_. 见到你很高兴。 (2)She wept _ the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。 4）表示理由和条件 He must be a fool_.(那么说) You will do w

18、ell to speak more carefully._(句意)Step 【自填助记】 to 能够用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词： admit to_, object to_,be accustomed to_, be used to_, stick to_, turn to_, look forward to_, be devoted to_, pay attention to_, contribute to_ , apologize to_ , devote oneself to_Step 省去to 的动词不定式1. 情态动词 （ 除ought 外） 后。 2.

19、使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。 【温馨提示】被动语态中不能省去to。例如： (1) I saw him dance. =He _. (2)The boss made them work the whole night. =They _. 3.would rather，had better句型后 4.Why / why not-句型后5.help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb. （to） do sth. 6

20、.but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 【网络比较】1)He wants to do nothing but _. 他只想出去。 2)He wants to believe anything but _. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。 7.由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 能够省去： 8.通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，能够省去to be。【巩固使用】1)He is supposed _ nice. 他应该是个好人。 2) Paul doesnt have to be made _

21、. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning Step 动词不定式的否定式 【观察与思考】Tell him never to shut the window。叫他千万别关窗。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。【归纳用法】在不定式标志to前加上_构成不定式的否定式。【巩固使用】1.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. ( ) A. never to drive

22、B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _. ( ) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to Step 不定式的特殊句型1. so(-) as to such - as to -1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。 (1)Tom kept quiet about the accident so as_.

23、汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。 (2)Go in quietly so as _.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。 2）表示结果。 (1) Would you be so kind _(tell) me the time?劳驾，现在几点了。 (2) He is such a kind man _(捐款) the charity generously. (contribute)(3) He was_ foolish as to believe it. = He was _ a fool as to believe it. 他很傻，相信那件事。 2. Why not - Why not +动词原

24、形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? 干吗不?。 _ take a holiday? 干吗不去度假? 3. -enough to -_1) He is _(到了上学的年龄)。（enough）2) Tom wasnt tall _(够不着) the book on the shelf . (reach)4. tooto 1)tooto- _ (1) He is_.他激动得说不出话来。 (2) - Can I help you ? - Well, Im afraid the box is_, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢。 2)

25、如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太或“无论怎样-都不过度”。 (1) Its never too late to mend. _。（谚语） (2) You are never too old to learn . _. (3) You are never too careful to drive ._.3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常,等于very。例如： (1) Im only too pleased to be able to help you. _。 (2)He was but too eager

26、 to get home. _. 5. 独立结构 _ (老实说), I am not happy at the moment.(tell) to be frank_, to be honest_,to start with_【当堂检测】1.辨认以下句子中的不定式作什么成分。1) To read English novels is a good way to learn English.( )2) I hope to be admitted to a famous university. ( )3) His job today is to clean the floor and sweep the yard. ( )4) Do you have a newspaper for me to read? ( )5) To keep fit, the students go out to play football every day. ( )6) He went out of the room, only to find nothing strange. ( )7) He is said to be talking with the teacher in the office. ( )8) My advisor encoura