独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）

1、独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）构成：逻辑主语+逻辑谓语特点：1). 用逗号与主句分开； 2). 逻辑主语与主句主语不同，单独存有。句中位置：句前、句末或句中，位置相当灵活。注意事项：独立主格结构与句子之间不能使用任何连接词。 说到此处可能我们仍然是一头雾水，对独立主格结构没有任何概念，别着急我们举例来说明。例：Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨旅游。析：weather permitting不是一个完整的句子，没有自己的主语和谓语。

2、为独立主格结构，该结构与主句之间用逗号隔开，weather为逻辑主语；permit为逻辑谓语，独立主格结构与主句之间没有任何连接词。 二 独立主格结构的两种类型：1)逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）2)逻辑主语+（being）+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语） 3). with/without + 逻辑主语 + 形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式/现在分词/过去分词”1. 逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）逻辑主语+不定式由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语。例：His mother to come ton

3、ight, he is busy preparing the dinner.(条件)他母亲今晚要来，他正在忙着准备晚饭。 The teacher to help us, we will succeed.（条件）逻辑主语+现在分词该结构在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和方式状语等, lead动作的发出者是the guide，两者构成逻辑上的主谓关系。例：The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.原因Spring coming on, the trees turned green.时间The

4、girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say.原因逻辑主语+过去分词例：The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.因为丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行回学校。析：the key肯定是被人给Lost的，所以两者之间构成动宾关系。The signal given,the bus started. The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has be

5、en improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提升了。进一步总结：逻辑主语+不定式：表示尚未发生或即将发生的动作。逻辑主语+现在分词：表示动作正在实行。逻辑主语+过去分词：表示被动或者完成意义。 2. 逻辑主语+（being）+表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）英语中常用的还有一类无动词独立主格结构。这种结构往往看做是“名词/代词+being+表语”结构中省略了being，主要有如下几种情况：逻辑主语+名词例：I received many gifts, many of them books.我收到很多礼物，其中很多是书籍。 逻辑主语+形容词/副词例：Music over, all th

6、e audience stood up with fits of applause.音乐以结束，所有的观众都站了起来报以热烈的掌声。 逻辑主语+介词短语例：Many people were lined along the streets, flags in hands.很多人排队站在街道旁，手里拿着旗子。. 三使用独立主格结构的注意事项：独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词或者在there be结构中，独立主格结构中的being/having been 不能省略。例：It being Sunday, we went to church. 因为是周日，我们去做礼拜了。There being no bus

7、, we had to go home on foot.There being nothing else to do, we went home. 四 独立主格结构的功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。1Not far from the school there was a garden, _ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.A. its B. whose C. which D. That2 He w

8、rote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. this D. that3 He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A. it B. them C. which D. that4 He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. Them C

9、. which D. that 5 There I met several people, two of _ being foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that 6 There I met several people, two of _ were foreigners. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 7 There I met several people, and two of _ were foreigners. A. which B. Them C. whom D. that1)._no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was2)_no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was3)_Sunday, the library doesnt open. A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been4)_Sunday, the library does