财务管理ch53应收款和库存课件

1、5-1 5-2 (1) Average Collection Period (2) Bad-debt Losses Length of Credit Period Possible Cash Discount Firm Collection Program 5-3 - The minimum quality of credit worthiness of a credit applicant that is acceptable to the firm. 5-4 uCharacter willingness to meet financial obligations uCapacity abi

2、lity to meet financial obligations out of operating cash flows uCapital financial reserves（储备）（储备） uCollateral assets pledged as security uConditions general economic conditions related to customers business 5-5 (1) Average Collection Period (2) Bad-debt Losses Quality of Trade Account Possible Cash

3、 Discount Firm Collection Program 5-6 - The total length of time over which credit is extended to a customer to pay a bill. For example, requires full payment to the firm within 30 days from the invoice date. - Specify the length of time over which credit is extended to a customer and the discount,

4、if any, given for early payment. For example, 5-7 (1) Average Collection Period (2) Bad-debt Losses Quality of Trade Account Length of Credit Period Firm Collection Program 5-8 - A percent (%) reduction in sales or purchase price allowed for early payment of invoices. For example, allows the custome

5、r to take a 2% cash discount during the cash discount period. - The period of time during which a cash discount can be taken for early payment. For example, allows a cash discount in the first 10 days from the invoice date. 5-9 uBasic Form: 2/10 net 45 u2% discount if paid in 10 days uTotal amount d

6、ue in 45 days if discount not taken uBuy $500 worth of merchandise with the credit terms given above uPay $500(1 - .02) = $490 if you pay in 10 days uPay $500 if you pay in 45 days 5-10 uFinding the implied interest rate when customers do not take the discount uCredit terms of 2/10 net 45 and $500 l

7、oan u$10 interest (.02*500) uPeriod rate = 10 / 490 = 2.0408% uPeriod = (45 10) = 35 days u365 / 35 = 10.4286 periods per year uEAR = (1.020408)10.4286 1 = 23.45% uThe company benefits when customers choose to forego discounts 5-11 (1) Average Collection Period (2) Bad-debt Losses Quality of Trade A

8、ccount Length of Credit Period Possible Cash Discount 5-12 The firm should increase until the marginal reduction in equals the marginal outlay to collect. uLetters uPhone calls uPersonal visits uLegal action 5-13 uObtaining information on the credit applicant uAnalyzing this information to determine

9、 the applicants creditworthiness uMaking the credit decision 5-14 uRaw-materials inventory uWork-in-process inventory uIn-transit inventory uFinished-goods inventory Inventories form a link between production and sale of a product. 5-15 Compare the benefits of economies of production, purchasing, an

10、d product marketing against the cost of the additional investment in inventories. 5-16 Method which controls expensive inventory items more closely than less expensive items. uReview “A” items most frequently uReview “B” and “C” items less rigorously and/or less frequently. 5-17 存货存货ABCABC分类管理分类管理 所

11、谓ABC分类管理就是按照一定的标准，将企业的存 货划分为A、B、C三类，分别实行分品种重点管理、分类 别一般控制和按总额灵活掌握的存货管理方法。 分类的标准主要有两个：一是金额标准， 二是品种数量标准。 其中金额标准是最基本的，品种数量标准仅作为参考。 A类存货的特点是金额巨大，但品种数量较少； B类存货的金额一般，品种数量相对较多； C类存货品种数量繁多，但价值金额却很少。 5-18 【例例6262】滨江百货企业拥有滨江百货企业拥有2 0002 000余种商品，其中：家余种商品，其中：家 用电器、高档皮货、家具、摩托车、大型健身器械等商品用电器、高档皮货、家具、摩托车、大型健身器械等商品 的

12、品种数量并不很多，只有近的品种数量并不很多，只有近200200种，占所有品种数的比种，占所有品种数的比 重不足重不足10%10%，但价值额却相当大，占所有商品价值的，但价值额却相当大，占所有商品价值的70%70%多，多， 企业管理当局把此类存货划归为企业管理当局把此类存货划归为A A类，按品种重点管理；类，按品种重点管理； 大众化的服装、鞋帽、床上用品、布匹、文具用具等商品大众化的服装、鞋帽、床上用品、布匹、文具用具等商品 品种数量比较多，有品种数量比较多，有400400多种，占多种，占20%20%多，但价值额相对多，但价值额相对A A 类商品要小得多，只占全部商品价值的类商品要小得多，只占全

13、部商品价值的20%20%，企业管理当，企业管理当 局把此类存货划归为局把此类存货划归为B B类，按类别进行一般控制；至于各类，按类别进行一般控制；至于各 种小百货，如针线、钮扣、日常卫生用品等，品种数量非种小百货，如针线、钮扣、日常卫生用品等，品种数量非 常多，达到近常多，达到近1 5001 500种，占所有品种数的种，占所有品种数的70%70%多，但所占金多，但所占金 额却很小，不到全部商品价值的额却很小，不到全部商品价值的10%10%，于是管理当局把此，于是管理当局把此 类存货划归为类存货划归为C C类，按总额灵活控制。类，按总额灵活控制。 5-19 Forecast usage Orde

14、ring cost Carrying cost 5-20 : Carrying costs per unit per period : Ordering costs per order : Total usage during the period 5-21 The EOQ or optimal quantity (Q*) is: The quantity of an inventory item to order so that total inventory costs are minimized over the firms planning period. O 5-22 is attempting to determine the economic order quantity for fabric used in the production of baskets. u10,000 yards of fabric were used at a constant rate last period. uEach order represents an ordering cost of $200. uCarrying costs are $1 per ya