英语工作室中考语法课件-动词篇

1、句子的概念句子的概念 句子的种类句子的种类 （一）按句子的结构分（一）按句子的结构分 （二）按句子的功能分（二）按句子的功能分 句子的概念句子的概念 句子是表达思想的基本单位。句子由单词组成， 但组成时要遵循一定的规律，这就是语法。 在英语句子中主要成分有：主语、谓语、宾语、 宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。 （一）按句子的结构分： 简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句。 （二）按句子的功能分： 1.陈述句（1）肯定形式 （2）否定式 2.疑问句 （1）一般疑问句（2）特殊疑问句 （3）选择疑问句（4）反意疑问句（5）和感叹句。 简单句简单句 What is a sentence? He drops

2、 litter. Subject(主语)VerbObject(宾语) He sleeps in class. We help others. Ms Dai teaches us English seriously. We keep our classroom clean. We are polite. There are some teachers listening to us here. S + V S + V + O S + V + O1 + O2 S + V + O + OC S + V + P There be 句型 He sleeps in class. We help each

3、other. Ms Dai teaches us English seriously. We keep our classroom clean. We are polite. S + V S + V + O S + V + O1 + O2 S + V + O + OC S + V + P 简单句的五种基本类型 You are my students. Lin Chuanqi often sleeps in class. Your hard work makes me happy. My husband bought me a ring. I cook dinner every day. My

4、mother allows me to watch TV on Sunday. S + V + P S + V S + V + O + OC S + V + O1 + O2 S + V + O S + V + O + OC 判断下列简单句的类型： 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千 变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系， 找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种 基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。基本句型及其扩大、组合、省

5、略或倒装。掌握这五种基掌握这五种基 本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主谓）（主谓） 基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主系表）（主系表） 基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）（主谓宾） 基本句型四：基本句型四： + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五：基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） （不及物动词） 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I

6、 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. Laughed. work. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing have gone 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词 都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词 短语、状语从句等。 系动词分两类： 表示情况：be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound等 表示变化：get, grow, become, turn, go等 另: sta

7、y, remain, 基本句型（二） 基本句型（一） S+V+P. 1. I feel happy now. 2. She is an actor. 3. Ann is fourteen. 连系动词后跟形容词、名词、数词或介词短语连系动词后跟形容词、名词、数词或介词短语 等等 来做表语。来做表语。 5. My parents are at home at the moment. 4.The food tastes good. 6. The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 7. My dream job is to be a tour guide. 8

8、. My sons hobby is reading books . （系动词）(表语) n./adj. 1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smells(闻) fell looks is is became turned an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red. 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是 主

9、语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一 个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词 叫做及物动词。 基本句型（三）基本句型（三） （实义动词）(宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. nuts. to have a cup of tea. “Good morning.” 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟

10、有两个宾语才 能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一 个是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受 者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 基本句型（四）基本句型（四） （及物）（多指人）（多指物） 1. She 2. She 3. She 4. He 5. I 6. I passed cooked brought bought showed gave him her husband you her him him a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pic

11、tures. a hand. 基本句型基本句型 （五）（五） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词， 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加 上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 （及物） （宾语）（宾补） 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? o

12、ut. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 1.They work hard. We arrived at six last night. 主 + 谓 2.The flower is beautiful. That sounds good. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. We learn English. 主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives me some books. My mother bought me a scarf . 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 简宾 5. Rainy days make me sad.

13、The boss ask me to work all day. I saw him dancing in the next door just now. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 Hes getting angry. (S V P) He got through the window. (S V O) Youll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) He got himself into trouble. (S V O C) He got her a special present. (S V

14、 O O) There be 存在句存在句 某地有某物某地有某物 There is a clock on the table. Once there was a king called Lion. There used to be a village at the foot of the mountain. There will be a heavy rain tonight. There were some mistakes in your composition. There is a baby crying in the next door. 练习练习 中考英语语法发现法实用手册中考英语

15、语法发现法实用手册P11 并列复合句并列复合句 由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在 一起构成的句子，成为并列复合句。并列连词 有：and, or, but, however, so等。 （1）Go straight on, and youll find the church. （并列关系） （2）I like playing soccer, but my friend likes playing basketball. （转折关系） （3）Work hard, or youll fail the exams. （选择关系） （4）My mother is ill in hospital,

16、so I have to take care of her. （因果关系） （5）Not only did he do some shopping, but also he cooked the meal. （并列关系） 并列复合句并列复合句 并列复合句并列复合句 将下列的简单句合并成并列复合句，并说出它们是什么并列关系 （并列关系，转折关系，选择关系，因果关系）。 （1）Go straight on. Youll find the church. (and) _ （2）I like playing soccer. My friend likes playing basketball. (bu

17、t) _ （3）Work hard! Youll fail the exams. (or) _ （4）My mother is ill in hospital. I have to take care of her. (so) _ （5）He did some shopping. He also cooked the meal. (not only.but also.) _ Go straight on, and youll find the church. （并列关系） I like playing soccer, but my friend likes playing basketball

18、. （转折关系） Work hard, or youll fail the exams. （选择关系） My mother is ill in hospital, so I have to take care of her. （ 因果关系） Not only did he do some shopping, but also he cooked the meal. （并列关系） 主从复合句主从复合句 1. 含有宾语从句的复合句 2. 含有状语从句的复合句 3. 含有定语从句的复合句 链接主从复合句的连词称为从属连词。链接主从复合句的连词称为从属连词。 朗读下列句子，判断划线部分是什么从句。 M

19、y English teacher said that I was good at speaking. _从句从句 The man who is running on the playground is Mr Huang. _从句从句 We will have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow. _从句从句 We wonder if it will be fine tomorrow. _从句从句 I will ring you when he gets to Shanghai. _从句从句 I really want to know when he will ge

20、t to Shanghai. _从句从句 宾语 定语 状语 宾语 状语 宾语 She will never forget the day when she started to go to school. _从句从句 He was so hard working that he could enter Tsinghua University. _从句从句 We students should pay attention to what our teachers say in class. _从句从句 Id like to visit places where the weather is al

21、ways warm. _从句从句 思考题：宾语从句的语序是思考题：宾语从句的语序是_。 宾语 定语 状语 定语 陈述句语序 根据要求，将下列的简单句合并成主从复合句。 （1）How can I get to the museum? Could you please tell me?（宾语从句） _ （2）How long will you stay in Hong Kong? Lucy asked Peter. （宾语从句） _ _ （3）Being confident is very important. Mr. Yu said to us. （宾语从句） _ _ （4）Is there a

22、 restroom near here? The woman asked me. （宾语从句） _ Could you please tell me how I can get to the museum? can get to the museum? Lucy asked Peter how long he would stay in Hong Kong. Mr. Yu told us that being confident was very important. The woman asked me if there was a restroom near here. （9） Ben i

23、s careful. He hardly makes mistakes in his exams.（so.that.，结果状语从句） _ _ （10）Mary didnt go to bed. Her mother came back. （not.until.，时间状语从句） _ _ （8）We get up early. We wont miss the train. （so that， 目的状语从句） _We get up early so that we wont miss the train. Ben is so careful that he hardly makes mistake

24、s in his exams. Mary didnt go to bed until her mother came back. （11）Wenzhou is beautiful. Hangzhou is more beautiful. （.than. 比较状语从句） _ （12）Nick was born without legs or arms. He never gives up. （though 让步状语从句） _ _ Though Nick was born without legs or arms, he never gives up. Hangzhou is more beaut

25、iful than Wenzhou. 1. 引导宾语从句的连词有：引导宾语从句的连词有： that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why, who, whom, whose . 2. 引导定语从句的连词（关系代词引导定语从句的连词（关系代词/关系副词）有：关系副词）有： that, who, whom, whose, which, when, where . 引导各种从句的连词引导各种从句的连词 时间状语从句的连词：时间状语从句的连词： _ 条件状语从句的连词：条件状语从句的连词： _ 原因状语从句的连词：原因状语从句的连词： _ 结

26、果状语从句的连词：结果状语从句的连词： _ 目的状语从句的连词：目的状语从句的连词： _ 让步状语从句的连词：让步状语从句的连词： _ 比较状语从句的连词：比较状语从句的连词： _ when, while, before, after, until, as soon as, whenever, since . if, unless . because, since . so.that., such.that., so that . so that等等 although, though, even if等等 than, as.as., not as(so).as., the +比较级比较级, t

27、he +比较级（越比较级（越越越） 3. 引导状语从句的连词有：引导状语从句的连词有： 在状语从句状语从句中, 如果从句是一般现在时, 主句可能是一般现在时, 或是一般将来时。如果从句是一般过去时, 主句可能是一般过去 时、过去进行时、过去将来时或是过去完成时。（除since引导 的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句要用现在完成时之外。 While 引导的句子用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时或过去进 行时。） 1. We will have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow. 2. I will ring you when he gets to Shanghai. 3.

28、 He was so hard working that he could enter Tsinghua University. 从句中时态的从句中时态的“一致性一致性”原则原则 在宾语从句宾语从句中，当主句谓语是一般现在时, 宾语 从句可以 根据需要来使用某种时态； 当主句谓语是一般过去时, 宾语从句用表示过去 的某种时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将 来时或是过去完成时）；当主句谓语是一般过去 时, 宾语从句的内容表示客观真理时, 宾语从句 中的谓语动词不受主句谓语动词的影响, 应保留 一般现在时态形式。 从句中时态的从句中时态的“一致性一致性”原则原则 主语+谓语+宾语+定语从句。 主

29、语+定语从句+谓语+其它成分。 The man who is running on the playground is Mr Huang. _从句 定语 The man is Mr Huang. The man is running on the playground. 定语从句：就是用来修饰名词或代词的句子，起到定语的作用， 所以叫做定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词 作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语 从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。 She will never forget the day when she started t

30、o go to school. _从句从句 Id like to visit places where the weather is always warm. _从句从句 She will never forget the day that she spent with her firends. Id like to visit places that are warm。 定语 定语 She will never forget the day . She started to go to school on the day. Id like to visit places . The weat

31、her is always warm in the places. She will never forget the day. She spent the day with her firends. Id like to visit places. The places are warm. 主语+谓语+宾语+定语从句。 关系副词引导的定语从句：关系副词可代替的先行词关系副词引导的定语从句：关系副词可代替的先行词 是时间、地点，在从句中作状语。是时间、地点，在从句中作状语。 1. I like music. The music is soft and gentle. （定 语从句） _ 2.

32、The woman is my English teacher. She wears a blue dress.（定语从句） _ _ 3. His hobby is collecting stamps. The stamps have nice pictures.（定语从句） _ _ I like music that/which is soft and gentle. The woman who wears a blue dress is my English teacher. His hobby is collecting stamps that/which have nice pictu

33、res. 关系代词that, which, who（宾格whom, 所有格whose）引导 定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，又作定 语从句的一个成分。 People will do something that makes you angry.（指物，作 主语） They can choose something that they like.（指物，作宾语） Who is the man that is reading the book over there?（指人， 作主语） The girl that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.（指人，作

34、宾 语） Another acronym(首字母缩略词) is F2F which stands for face to face.（指人，指物作主语） 定语从句中的关系代词定语从句中的关系代词 You cant wake a person who is pretending to be asleep. （指人，作主语） I love singers who write their own music.（指人，作主语） The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. （指人，作宾语） Mrs Evans is the person whom you s

35、hould write to. （指人，做宾语） 先行词指物时，一般用that，除非在介词后用 which，先行词指人时，一般用who（如在定语从句 中宾语也用whom），除非在介词后用whom。 用适当的关系代词填空： The girl _ spoke is our monitor. I know a boy _ father is an engineer. Have you got everything _ you need? Newton was one of the greatest men _ ever lived. Here is the computer about _ weve

36、 heard so much. The man _ Mr Green is talking to over there is Mr Lee. He said something _ made her very uncomfortable. I saw a film _ touched me deeply. who/that whose that that/who which whom/who/that that that/which （二）按句子的功能分：二）按句子的功能分： 1.陈述句（1）肯定形式 （2）否定式 2.疑问句 （1）一般疑问句（2）特殊疑问句 （3）选择疑问句（4）反意疑问句

37、 （5）和感叹句。 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定 式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。 She arrived early. She cannot have arrived now. 1）半否定句 I hardly know anything about it. 2) I dont think it will be very hot today 2. 感叹句感叹句 由由what 或或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦 等。等。“多么多么! ” What a lovely baby (it is) ! What fine weathe

38、r (we have today) ! What a good time (we had last night) ! What beautiful flowers (they are )! How foolish she is! How quickly you speak! How clever he is! 译林牛津版 (1)一般疑问句的回答用yes或者no。如： Does she go to school at 7：30 every day? _ (2)否定疑问句的答语 否定疑问句通常是以Be/情态动词/助动词not的缩写形式开 头的。表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语和汉语习惯不一样, 要

39、根据事实情况来回答。如： Arent you a student？ _/_ Yes, she does./No, she doesnt Yes, I amNo, I am not 3. 疑问句 （1）一般疑问句 译林牛津版译林牛津版 （2）特殊疑问句 常见的疑问词有what，which，who，whom， whose；what，when，where，why，how等。 又称“Wh-questions”。 （3）选择疑问句 Is he Chinese or Japanese? Hes Chinese. Would you like some juice or tea? Neither. （不能用

40、“yes” “no”来回答） 陈述句部分与附加疑问句部分意思相反：前肯后否、 前否后肯。如： Mary is a teacher，_？ He didnt tell you the story，_？ 反意疑问句基本对应形式如下： (1)be动词对应be动词 She is a policewoman，_？ (2)情态动词对应情态动词 He can drive the car，_？ 译林牛津版译林牛津版 （4）反意疑问句 反意疑问句的构成：陈述句附加疑问句？附加疑 问句的否定式必须缩写。 did he isnt she cant he isnt she 译林牛津版译林牛津版 行为动词对应助动词的相应

41、形式。这种助动词主 要指帮助构成疑问句或否定句的do/does/did，以及它们 的否定形式。如： He slept for 9 hours yesterday，_？ He didnt go to the park，_？ 助动词对应助动词的相应形式。这样的助动词主 要包括以下几种： 现在进行时中的be 一般将来时中的will/shall 现在完成时中的have/has They are swimming，_？ Jane will visit Tianjin，_？ She has finished her homework，_？ didnt he did he arent they wont s

42、he hasnt she 特殊形式 (1)当陈述句中含有表示否定的代词或形容词，如 nothing，none，no one，nobody，neither，few， little等，或含有表示否定的副词never，hardly， seldom（很少）时，则附加疑问句只能用肯定式。 如： Linda has never been to Beijing，_？ You can hardly see the blackboard clearly， _? (2)祈使句的反意疑问句，附加疑问句部分用 _。如： Open the window，will you? has she can you will yo

43、u 译林牛津版译林牛津版 (3 ) is 还是 has? Hes in the room，isnt he？ (Hes He is) Hes gone to the park，hasnt he？ (Hes He has) (4) 陈述部分的谓语是used to时， 附加疑问句部分用didnt主语 He used to go to bed late，didnt he？ (5)have 的对应形式 have 当“有”讲，附加疑问句可用do/does/did， Tom has an MP4 player，doesnt he ? have 当“吃、喝、开(会)、度过”等意思讲时， 其 附加疑问句用助动词

44、do/does/did。如： You had a good time yesterday，didnt you? have用在现在完成时，是帮助构成完成时的助 动词，附加疑问句用have./has形式。如： He has made a lot of friends，hasnt he? have to 表示“不得不”时，附加疑问句的谓语 用助动词do/does/did。如： Li Lei has to finish the work today，doesnt he? had better意思是“最好”，其附加疑问句的谓 语动词用had的形式。如： Youd better stay at home，

45、hadnt you? 译林牛津版译林牛津版 当陈述句部分是否定句时，英语与汉语的回答习 惯存在差异。 英语回答时，若表示与事实一致，就用“Yes肯定 结构”；表示否定的事实，就用“No否定结构”。 如： You didnt play football yesterday，did you? _ 不，我踢去了。 /_ 是的，我没踢。 Yes, I did No, I didnt 译林牛津版译林牛津版 4、祈使句祈使句 概念：表示请求、警告、建议或命令的句子叫做 祈使句。祈使句的主语一般是you(听话人)，通常省 略，其谓语动词一律用动词原形。句末用感叹号或句 号，语调读降调。 1祈使句的肯定形式

46、(1)句中只有不及物动词。如： Come here! 过来！ Look! 看！ Come in! 进来！ 译林牛津版译林牛津版 (2)及物动词宾语。如： Close the door! 关门！ Open your books! 翻开课本！ Just walk along the street, and you wont miss it. (3)系动词表语。如： Be quiet，please! 请安静！ _！小心！ 2祈使句的否定形式 祈使句否定式的构成是直接在动词原形前加dont。 为了表示礼貌，也可以加上please。如： _. 不要在课堂上讲话。 Dont close the windo

47、w，please. 请不要关窗户。 Be careful Dont talk in class 译林牛津版译林牛津版 3Let祈使句型表示建议 Let me help you. 让我帮你吧。 Lets go. 咱们走吧！ 这种祈使句的否定结构是在lets后加not。如： Lets not go now. 咱们现在先别走。 4应答祈使句用将来时 Remember to close the window when you leave. 记住离开时关窗。 _.好的，我会的。 Dont talk in class.课堂上不要讲话。 _. 对不起，我不会了。 Yes，I will Sorry, I wo

48、nt 译林牛津版译林牛津版 5“祈使句and/or结果状语”句型 此句型可以转换成含if引导的条件状语从句的主从 复合句。 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点否则就迟到了。 If you dont hurry up，you _ late. 如果不抓紧，你就要迟到了。 If you hurry up, you _ late. 如果快点，你将不会迟到。 will be wont be 三、句子专项训练 （一）根据要求，转换句型 1. She is a hard -working student. 否定句_ 反意疑问句_ 感叹句：How _! / What _! 2.

49、 He likes reading very much. 否定句_ 反意疑问句_ 划线部分提问_ She isnt a hard-working. She is a hard-working student， isnt she？ hard -working she is a hard-working student she is He doesnt like reading at all. He likes reading very much, doesnt he? What does she like doing? 3. Lucy thinks its interesting to have

50、 English class. 否定句_ _ 反意疑问句_ _ 4. We have already finished cleaning up the park. 否定句_ 反意疑问句_ Lucy doesnt think its interesting to have English class. We havent finished cleaning up the park yet. Lucy thinks its interesting to have English class, doesnt she? We have already finished cleaning up the

51、park , havent we? 6. The weather is really nice. 否定句_ 反意疑问句_ 感叹句：How _! / What _ 7. Mei gets up early every day. She is never late for school. （用so . that .连接两个简单句） _ _ The weather isnt really nice. nice the weather is nice weather it is Mei gets up so early that she is never late for school. 5. I d

52、id my homework late last night. 否定句_ 反意疑问句_ I didnt do my homework late last night. I did my homework late last night, didnt I? The weather is really nice, isnt it? 9. He ran to the bus stop in order to catch up the early bus. （用so that转换成复合句） _ _ 10. Would you like a banana? （加上单词“an apple”变成选择疑问句）

53、 _ He ran to the bus stop so that he could catch up the early bus. Would you like a banana or an apple? 8. When her mother came back, she went to bed. （用not . until .转换句子） _She didnt go to bed until her mother came back. （二）扩句训练：（可加人物、地点、时间、形容 词、副词和各种从句） 例如：I am a girl. I am a lovely and kind girl w

54、ho likes helping others. （加形容词和定语从句） Mr. Brown was angry. Last night Mr. Brown was really angry with his daughter at home when he got to know that she failed in the biggest exam. （加副词、人物、时间、地点、 从句等） Lets look and say! Lets say longer sentences! A woman is flying a kite. A beautiful woman is flying a

55、 kite. A beautiful woman is flying a kite in the field. A beautiful woman is flying a kite happily in the field. A beautiful woman who is in white is flying I have a beautiful purse. Mary is a kind girl. She always listens carefully in class. She is a careful girl. He works out the math problems eas

56、ily. The problems are easy. 定语定语 定语定语 状语状语 定语定语 状语状语 表语表语 How to make sentences longer? 形容词、副词、时间、地点、连词、各种从句等！ Its a beautiful, sunny day, a woman When spring comes, 1. Li Ping is swimming. _ _ 2. Come to my party! _ _ 3. He sells shoes. _ _ Li Ping, a Grade 9 student is swimming at a swimming pool

57、happily with his friends. Come to my twelfth birthday party , tomorrow evening! He sells all kinds of cheap shoes at his shoe store every day. 4. 看图写句子，发挥你的想象，写出最美、 最长的句子！ （三）连词专练 1、请在空格内填入适当的连词，使句子通顺。 （1）Hurry up, _ youll be late for the train. （2）Xiang Yanfa entered Cangnan High School at last _ h

58、e worked really hard. （3）Qianqian plays _ the violin _ the piano very well. （4）There is only one ticket. _ Peter _ Mike can go to the cinema. （5）Chen Haizheng is clever, _ he is also hard-working. （6）Mr. White was tired after work, _ he had a rest for half an hour. or because bothand Either or and s

59、o （7）You will be unhappy _ you deal with your problems. （8）He didnt start to study _ his mother came back. （9）Im sure he will come to see you _ he has free time. （10）_ he was a child, he could hum some nice songs. （11）Nobody knows _ the nice old woman lives. （12）The farmers kept working on the farm

60、_ the weather was very terrible. unless until if When where though/even though （13）She can speak English _ well _ her sister. （14）I have lived here _ I was born. （15）It was better _ I expected. （16）My teacher wondered _ I would finish the work in such a short time. （17）We should pay attention to _ o