素描基础（Sketch Foundation）

1、素描基础（Sketch Foundation）Sketch Foundation1 Sketch human head, local stepsBasic knowledge of sketching pencils is: the advantages of carbon black, you can quickly show special sketch relations; disadvantage is only a model, the depth of painting completely by the brightness control, and is not easy to

2、 clean, easy to get dirty pictures .Local stepThe thinner old mans image makes it easier for us to understand the geometrical analogy of the spherical eye and the oblong nose. A careful comparison of photos and drafting, see how to form the special characteristics with the most simple linear.The sha

3、pe of the nose, nose and lower eye can be hard, which can find out the turning point of the structure, and lay a good foundation for the further characterization.The noses light and shade changes are rich, often causes the beginner to have no way to start. We found the nose, nose of the terminator,

4、and find out the turning line nose, the black and white and grey three levels, subtle changes between control in these three levels.2 Sketch the basic essentials of whole body sketchCharacter sketch is the continuation and improvement of sketch basic training, and it is an important part of sketch t

5、eaching system. It has abundant and extensive expressive space. General character sketch the one hand to meet the students to actively explore the depth of sketch problem, and thus continue to accumulate and expand their modeling experience; more important is to achieve from the basic training to ar

6、t creation, especially the fundamental means and the only way to figure painting. Figure painting body like with other content of the sketch training, the other purpose is to cultivate the correct observation method, as China painting line, body figure painting line drawing training objective is to

7、enable students to use Chinese traditional painting language to express the character shape, structure characteristics.First, the structure and proportion of all body charactersThe first is a combination of body structure characters of various parts of the structure, including the spine, head, chest

8、, pelvis, upper and lower limbs, these external shape relations can be summarized as one vertical, two horizontal and three volume and limbs, followed by the structural relationship in the specific painting object. And covert, produced by the state space under the specific reality, big and small, lo

9、ng and short, and the changes of tight and loose differences. The combination of the two is a complete structural concept.The proportion of characters in the head is usually the length of the unit. Our adult height of about 7.5, head length, from the mandible to the nipple to the navel 1 long head,

10、from the foot to the knee joint to the big rotor each 2 head long, big rotor connected to the navel, half head long.The upper limb is about 3 head long, the shoulder length to the elbow joint is 1, the length is long, and the elbow joint to the wrist relation is 1 head length.The length of the lower

11、 limb is about four head, the length of the big rotor to the knee joint, the length of the 2 head, and the length of the knee to the sole of the foot, 2.Above is the systemic structure proportion of the characters in expression, has the general significance of the concept, as the basis of knowledge,

12、 is the starting point of our shape. However, the proportion of character structure is not absolute. If the structure of the proportion of knowledge is only a concept to the use of machinery, it is impossible to create a true and vivid characters, figures like the whole body, sketching will lose mea

13、ning. Therefore, in sketching, we should strive to show the personality characteristics of the model. Sometimes a subjective change in proportion to the needs of the performance strengthens the perception of the model.Two, the basic essentials of sketching charactersBody like sketch points and a pre

14、vious study of the bust sketch point is similar, the difference is that the body like a sketch than bust face problem and need to solve the problem is more, so the difficulty is even greater. Our model is a specific person in life, not the concept of the people, so how to grasp the characters and th

15、e authenticity of the key body figure painting, figure painting off clothes except bare face, hand painted on, clothing, props, to the atmosphere are dynamic is an issue that should be considered, we depict a painting, should pay attention to the overall harmony,Not simply the portrait of the people

16、 finished.The main points are as follows:1, the composition should be completeThe integrity of the composition, the requirements are not exhaustive, but should pay attention to the coordination of models and props, space, and they are a complete unity.2, dynamic to accurateThe dynamic and complex im

17、ages of the whole body should be carefully distinguished, and the dynamic relationship between the upper and lower limbs and the two large volumes should be carefully distinguished. The facial expression of the character is not only reflected in the face, but also should pay attention to the interna

18、l law of the consistency of the expression of the body and the expression of the character, thus enhancing the expressive force of the dynamic.3, the structure must be in placeThe whole body looks like an organic whole, and each part and structure has its proper position in the space. In place, is t

19、o pinpoint the location, the performance of the appropriate. If the upright man, although the head and hands is very important, but the lower limb and foot characterization is the key, if can not find the position relationship between processes is not good, people do not stand up, stand, cover part

20、of the structure of the fuzzy relation scrofula clothes, must carefully observe and compare, identify the internal structure and moderate performance.4. Be realisticThe concept can only be a cognitive reference, can not become dogma, become dogmatic, then become rigid, respect for your own vision, a

21、nd show what you want to see. To another layer of meaning is the real painting language to be simple, do not show, dont kick up a cloud of dust, all to all together in a painting technique, unified and harmonious methods should pay attention to the whole work, strictly speaking, only the true perfor

22、mance of the objective images, in order to create a vivid artistic image.The law of light and shade of 3 objects1: objects near the light source, brighter, brighter, darker, contrast strongly: conversely, the farther the light source, the weaker the brighter and darker the surface. (bright, gray, an

23、d dark, that is, the three sides of the drawing we often speak of)2: objects closer to the draw, the stronger the contrast between the light and shade, the farther the contrast between the weak and weak, but in fact is near reality, far virtual.Five notes in sketch:1: the light (bright): the object

24、is 90 degrees direct light of the place, this part of the largest light, light tone, light focus of the light is called high light, generally only smooth objects can appear.2: intermediate color (gray surface): object light side shot part of the transition zone, terminator levels close to the level

25、of rich.3: the boundary between the light and the dark: because it is affected by the environmental light, but it can not be irradiated by the main light source, so the contrast is strong, and it gives the deepest impression!4: reflecting part due to reflection area surrounding objects, can produce

26、reflective. As a part of the dark light, usually among the deepest color than the light to deep.5: projection: that is, the shadow of the object itself. It appears as a large color block, and it is also one of the five tunes. The edges of the projection are near and blurred!In order to better unders

27、tand the tone of light and shade, according to the angle of light and the objects decent formation, we illustrate the form of the light and shade on the object with the change of 1-6s tone1: direct exposure to light (Gao Guang) 2: light emitting part (middle color)3: background (bright side is dark,

28、 dark side is partial bright) 4: dark part 5: reflective part6: the intersection of light and shade and the projection part4 plaster like still life1, drawing is regarded as the only way to enter the art gate, because the scope of the training covers almost all the basic fields of Art2, sketching is

29、 the direct comparison of physical painting, we must have a clear specification and accuracy3, the normal teaching of drawing is often from the geometry, plaster, shape, hand, because the geometry of the composition of all things complex, the basic elements of shape4 Sketch content, including space,

30、 proportion, perspective and other visual modeling factors5, the sketch training of plaster is a required course in many art colleges, because it has the characteristics of single tone and stationary, which makes it easier for students to observe and study the shape6 the first step in sketch trainin

31、g is often from the still life sketch,Through this training, we can understand the diversity of all forms in the reality around us7 drawings show objects in space, shape, volume, structure, light and shadow and so on8 the sketch of plaster pictures made it possible for students to study shapes due t

32、o their lack of accuracy in drawing figure models9, the mastery of the sketch of gypsum geometry is the prerequisite for the representation of other complex forms.10 gypsum images help students better cope with the living models not only in the scale of the study, but also in the plaster images.11,

33、the plaster image is the artistic image after the artists refining, which enables students to breathe consciously while they finish their homework. It is a subtle improvement in the aesthetic consciousness of students.12, complete the practice of the plaster portrait, naturally enter the portrait pr

34、actice, and the portrait is more abundant than the plaster, because the human being is alive.13 visually, when we observe the form in a certain angle, the outer edge of the form is reduced to a thinner edge line due to perspective, and this is the contour line.14, the junction between the two faces,

35、 we can see the obvious obscure line, this is the structural line.15, in the process of painting, the parts of the body in the space position related to the various points linked, using hypothetical lines to guide the structure of each part of the relationship, and strengthen the sense of space perf

36、ormance, which is called the auxiliary line.16, from the subjective feelings and performance intentions of the image, the use of images in the painting stressed or expressive lines, which is subjective line.5 perspective principleThe basic terminology of perspective1: is the painting eye level line

37、parallel to the eyes.2, heart: is painting the eyes in front of a point on the horizon.3 point of view: the position of the eye of the painter.4, as is the viewpoint and the heart: midline points connected to a line at right angles to the eye level.5, the vanishing point is not parallel with the pic

38、ture: the angle of object, the vanishing point in perspective as far as the eye point on both sides of the heart and.6 days: that is near the lofty object is inclined low (front house cover), disappeared in the horizon of more points.Location: 7, is near the lofty oblique low Hugh (behind the house

39、cover), disappeared in the horizon the following points.8 parallel perspective: the perspective of a square or rectangular object that is parallel to the picture. This perspective has a neat, flat, steady, stately feeling.9. Angled perspective: the perspective of any square object that does not grow

40、 parallel to a square. This perspective can make the composition more varied.Perspective drawingThe most basic form in a sketch is a cube. In sketching, most of the three faces are used to determine the performance of the cube. In addition, the angle of the boundary between the surface and the surfa

41、ce can also indicate the depth of the object, which refers to the laws of perspective.Perspective is divided into one point perspective (also known as parallel perspective), two-point perspective (also called angle perspective) and three point perspective three categories.One point perspective is th

42、at the cube is placed in a horizontal plane, the front surface (front) and the four sides are parallel to the upper edges of the paper, highly consistent in the depth of parallel lines and eyes, vanish into a little, but the front is a square.Perspective is the cube to the screen, the cube four surf

43、ace to screen an angled, parallel line to the depth produced two vanishing points. In this case, parallel lines perpendicular to the upper and lower two horizontal planes also reduce the length, but do not have vanishing points.Three point perspective is relative to the cube picture, its surface and

44、 edges are not parallel, the line can be extended to three vanishing points, or up to look for overlooking the cube will form a three point perspective.Those who change perspective line called variable line, the same line said to remember the original line, near the small, nearly real far virtual la

45、w.6 how can beginners improve the accuracy of sketching?During the sketch work,For beginners, the most frequently encountered problem is the exact and inaccurate representation of the object.This brings us to the sketch work fuzzy problem, fuzzy concept is that there is no clear concept of sacrifici

46、al extension, such as light and dark, long and short, big and small, virtual reality and so on, these commonly used concepts in the painting language is through the general comparison and come no, absolutely clear boundaries between them, unable to use accurate data to divide the concept of the diff

47、erence between. Precisely because of this, the accuracy of sketching is enhanced with the authors ability to understand and skills, which is also the particularity of the accuracy of Xiang Yu.Then, how can we be less vague and more accurate, so that we can improve the level of sketching and sketchin

48、g?First of all, the improvement of cognition, and then the method should be correct. The improvement of cognition should be the improvement of appreciation ability. Always look at well recognized good drawings. This good work is a more accurate work. More analysis, more research, recognition trainin

49、g it is good, see more work, the eyes will naturally improve, and their paintings will gradually close to the standard.The comparison is sketch painting only correct and effective method, fuzzy recognition and standard sketch in the process, only by continuously and repeatedly progress comparison, i

50、dentify problems, correct mistakes, and constantly improve, this work is done carefully, more thorough, so the picture will be more perfect, more accurate. Absolutely accurate is not possible, as long as the consensus reached a level of accuracy, even if you can.In the traditional sketch theory, has

51、 a very complete on the point and line in the application of law, but for beginners, not all theories and rules can be skilled to teach knowledge and use. For example, in measuring and determining the proportion of objects, the team can be intuitive to judge, but also can use pencil to measure the d

52、istance between the line and the line to distinguish. Among them, the method of measuring distance by pencil is worth analyzing and discussing. This is a method for comparing the lengths of each line of a body (usually two endpoints). Because of the fuzziness of hand measurements, it is usually poss

53、ible to measure the length of the lines rather than the exact values of the lines. In fact, the use of such methods in the picture object physique proportion has many difficulties, because the image thinking process, peoples understanding and accurate numerical is very limited, only to realize and e

54、xpress some regularity with fuzzy ratio, there are many examples and so on. Now lets discuss some ways of using dots, lines and faces in sketch.An intermediate pointEveryone knows that a line from the two endpoints of a red stripe, to prepare segmentation by visual means, the easiest is to find its

55、mid point position, which is determined by the characteristics of the image of people thinking that. In the sketch process, there are many relationships we need to carefully identify and judge, may wish to use to find the method of intermediate point to determine the basic proportion, for example, i

56、n portrait painting, after drawing a general outline, first determine the location of the eyes, because the eyes the position is often in the head of the middle (that is, in the context of the midpoint position); and then to determine the other position and proportion is relatively easy, the charact

57、eristics of this phenomenon completely accord with human visual thinking.In fact, we can cite many examples and so on, for example when depicting the whole plaster of the bust. First we can position the two endpoints are determined, that the head and the base position, then under normal circumstance

58、s, the most easy to find and describe it is the position of the jaw, because it often in the 1/2 place. In ancient China, there were many theories about the setting of painting,Among them, three chambers and five eyes is a classical theory which is analyzed and summarized in the horizontal and vertical directions in portrait depiction.Two basic linesTwo basic line refers to the horizontal and vertical lines of operation, specifically, we can turn to deal in all kinds of sketch lines into the vertical and