中央广播电视大学《病理学》课程教学大纲（Outline of pathology course of The Open University of China）

1、中央广播电视大学病理学课程教学大纲（Outline of pathology course of The Open University of China）Documents from the network, I collected, finishing, and if there are omissions, errors, but also please correct me!Outline of pathology course of The Open University of ChinaOutline descriptionFirst, the nature and basic c

2、ontent of the coursePathology is a compulsory course in the nursing profession and pharmacy of the Central Medical UniversityPathology is a bridging course between preclinical medicine and clinical medicineIt is the change of the cause of diseases and conditions, the disease process function, metabo

3、lism, morphology and mechanism of these changes in the nature of science, to further clarify the disease, to provide a theoretical basis for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseaseLearn the new syllabus of Pathology, basic medical courses based on the optimized combination principle, the teac

4、hing content of pathological anatomy and pathophysiology of the intrinsic links based on the new curriculum structure in the form of re combination of changes of function and morphology of different organs and systems will disease the body together, emphasize the overall concept of people, pay atten

5、tion to the pathological basic knowledge and basic theory, especially the basic pathological process and the basic knowledge of the major diseasesThere are 108 hours and 6 credits in this courseTwo, the basic tasks of the courseThe teaching of this course emphasizes the basic concepts of Pathology,

6、basic knowledge and basic theory study, and the training of basic skillsThrough learning, so that students will initially have from the pathogenesis, pathological changes, body function and metabolic changes and the prognosis of the disease and the outcome of disease understanding, analysis ability,

7、 theory basis for disease solid study follow-up clinic course and improve the quality of work.This course before class is the human anatomy and embryology, physiology, biochemistry, immunology and microbiology of basic medical courses, the follow-up course is clinical coursesThree, the basic teachin

8、g requirements of the coursePathology is a theoretical and practical subject. In the study theory, we must pay attention to the observation and analysis of pathological changes, and pay attention to the observation, analysis and summary of animal models of disease replicationThrough the experiment,

9、we should cultivate a rigorous and realistic scientific style, and cultivate the ability to observe diseases, analyze diseases, and cultivate the ability to solve problemsTherefore, the experiment is the link that must be implemented in the teaching of PathologyRegarding the teaching content, this o

10、utline according to grasps, familiar, understands three levels requestMastering and familiar with the content is the basic concept and basic theory of Pathology, and it requires that we should focus on the study, and also the key point of the examinationConsidering the difference of nursing specialt

11、y and pharmacy specialty, the emphasis of the examination is different, and the specific requirements are embodied in the assessment of the courseFour, media selection and cooperationIn order to meet the needs of distance education learning, this course uses a variety of media learning materials, ba

12、sed on a variety of media integration on the overall design, the textbook based media, video materials and computer assisted instruction software as auxiliary media, provide convenience for the media to choose learning learnersThe textbook pathology integrates learning objectives, teaching contents,

13、 key hints, study summaries, multiple questions, exercises and answers. It is one type teaching material, published by Beijing Medical University PressIn the modular design of video teaching materials, the general section takes the pathological changes and pathological process as the center, and eac

14、h part treats disease as the center. Combined with the pictures, animation, specimens and histological sections, the key points and difficulties are explainedCAI courseware is mainly pathological part of the general content, to observe the lesions, self-test exercises basedOutline textIntroduction (

15、1 hours)Content of coursesI. the tasks, contents and nature of PathologyTwo. The main research methods of PathologyThree, pathological learning methodsTeaching requirementsFamiliar with the concept of Pathology, understand the pathology tasks and research methodsPathology generalChapter 1 Introducti

16、on to disease (8 hours)Content of coursesThe first section is an overviewSecond section etiologyThird section pathogenesisFourth sections of tissue and cell damage and repairThe prognosis of fifth diseasesTeaching requirementsMaster:1. basic concepts2. necrosis type; the basic pathological changes o

17、f various degeneration and necrosis3., the cause and effect alternation rule of disease development and the damage and anti injury reaction in the course of diseaseFamiliarity:1. types of atrophy2. pathological changes of various types of necrosis3. the composition and function of granulation tissue

18、4. the role of cause and condition in the course of diseaseUnderstand:1. health, the concept of disease, the classification of causes;2., common causes and significance of metaplasiaThe second chapter: blood circulation disorder (11 hours)Content of coursesSection 1 congestion and bleedingSecond thr

19、ombosisThird section embolizationFourth section infarctionDisseminated intravascular coagulation, FifthSixth shockTeaching requirementsMaster:1. basic concepts2., liver congestion and pulmonary congestion under the mirror characteristics3. staging and pathogenesis of shockFamiliarity:1. conditions a

20、nd outcomes of thrombosis and their effects on the body2. the type of embolism, the type of infarction and pathological features3. the pathogenesis and characteristics of disseminated intravascular coagulation4. the changes of lung function and center of shock processUnderstand:1. embolic pathways2.

21、 effects of disseminated intravascular coagulation on the body3. causes and classification of shockThe third chapter: water and electrolyte metabolism disorder (4 hours)Content of coursesSection 1 Distribution and regulation of water and electrolyte in normal human bodySecond water-saving sodium met

22、abolism disorderThird cases of potassium metabolism disorderTeaching requirementsMaster:1. basic concepts2., changes in body types of dehydration3. pathogenesis of edemaFamiliarity:1. common causes of dehydration and disorders of potassium metabolism2. effects of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia on neur

23、omuscular and cardiac3. the cause of water intoxication and the change of bodyUnderstand:The two main regulating mechanisms of water and electrolyte regulation: osmotic pressure regulation and blood volume regulationThe fourth chapter: acid-base disturbance (4 hours)Content of coursesSection 1 acid

24、base balance and its regulationSecond indexes and their significance of acid-base balanceThe third section is simple acid-base disturbanceTeaching requirementsMaster:1. basic concepts2. compensatory and traumatic changes in metabolic and respiratory acidosisFamiliarity:Compensatory and traumatic cha

25、nges in metabolic and respiratory alkalosisUnderstand:1. respiratory and renal regulation of acid-base balance are the main mechanisms2. prevention and pathophysiological basis of pure acid-base disturbanceThe fifth chapter is inflammation (8 hours)Content of coursesThe first section is an overviewS

26、econd local and systemic reactions to inflammationThe third section is the basic pathological changes of inflammationFourth types of inflammationThe fifth passage and outcome of inflammationSixth section feverTeaching requirementsMaster:1. basic concepts2. the basic pathological changes of inflammat

27、ion3., the common types of inflammation4. heating mechanismFamiliarity:1. difference between heating and overheating2. changes in body function during feverUnderstand:1. local manifestations of inflammation, systemic reactions, and inflammation2. staging of fever and principle of treatment of feverS

28、ixth chapter tumor (7 hours)Content of coursesSection 1 concept of tumorSecond characteristics of the tumorThird. Nomenclature and classification of tumorsThe fourth section is about the difference between benign tumor and malignant tumorFifth cases of precancerous lesions and carcinoma in situThe s

29、ixth part of the tumor on the bodySeventh examples of common tumorsEighth. Etiology and pathogenesis of the tumorPathological diagnosis of ninth cases of tumorTeaching requirementsMaster:1. basic concepts2. the mode of tumor growth and metastasis3. the difference between benign and malignant tumors4

30、., the difference between cancer and sarcoma5., the main difference between neoplastic hyperplasia and inflammation and wound repair is hyperplasiaFamiliarity:Classification and nomenclature of tumorsUnderstanding: the effects of cancer on the organismOrgan system pathologyClassification, pathology

31、and clinical connection of diabetes mellitusThe fourteenth chapter infectious diseases and parasitic diseases (8 hours)Content of coursesSection 1 tuberculosisSecond typhoid feverThird cases of bacillary dysenteryThe fourth section of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitisThe fifth section is epidemic en

32、cephalitis BSixth poliomyelitisSeventh syphilisEighth schistosomiasisNinth AIDSTeaching requirementsMaster:1. basic concepts2. lesions of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis3. the routes of transmission, pathogenesis and pathological features of AIDSFamiliarity:1., the basic lesions of tuberculosis2. t

33、he routes of infection, the pathological changes and the clinical pathological relation of bacillary dysentery3. epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and encephalitis differencesUnderstand:The pathological features of typhoid fever and poliomyelitisPathology practice (morphological section)Note: the co

34、ntent of this internship will be chosen by the local organizations, and the standard * is the content of the proposed observationInternshipThe damage to cells and tissues, and to repair.Macroscopic observation: granular atrophy of the kidney; hydronephrosis and renal compression atrophy; * hepatic s

35、teatosis; * coagulation necrosis; liquefaction necrosis; foot gangrene; * compensatory hypertrophy of the heartMicroscopic examination showed that the central arteriole of the splenic nodules was glassy; * hepatic steatosis; necrosis; granulation tissueThe blood circulation disorder.Gross specimen o

36、bservation: pulmonary congestion; * liver congestion (Bin Langgan); thrombosis artery or vein occlusion; * intracardiac mural thrombus; * * renal infarction; myocardial infarction; * * intestinal hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction; infarction; pulmonary arterial thromboembolismMicroscopic examination:

37、 * congestion of the lungs; * myocardial infarctionInternship twoInflammation.Gross specimen observation: * acute phlegmonous appendicitis; liver abscess or brain abscess; * pericardial fibrinous inflammation; multiple renal embolic abscessUnder the microscope observation: * acute phlegmonous append

38、icitis;TumorGross observation: * skin papilloma; * lipoma; * fibroma; * leiomyoma of the uterus; * ovarian cystadenoma; * osteosarcoma; squamous cell carcinoma of the skin; * adenocarcinoma of the stomachMicroscopically, we observed skin papilloma, lipoma, leiomyoma, sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma

39、, adenoma, pathological mitosis, liver metastasis and lung metastasisInternship threeCardiovascular system diseases.Gross specimen observation: rheumatic heart disease; bacterial endocarditis *; mitral stenosis; mitral regurgitation; * * cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension; renal granular atrophy; *

40、 * aortic atherosclerotic cerebral hemorrhage; myocardial infarction; *Microscopic examination: rheumatic granulomas; * hypertensive kidneys; * atherosclerotic coronary arteries; * myocardial infarctionRespiratory system disease.Macroscopic observation: emphysema, lobar pneumonia, lobular pneumonia,

41、 heart of pulmonary heart disease, lung cancer, silicosisMicroscopic examination: * lobar pneumonia; * lobular pneumonia; emphysema; small cell lung cancerInternship fourDigestive system diseaseGross observation: * gastric ulcer; purulent appendicitis; * cirrhosis; esophageal cancer; * stomach cance

42、r; * colorectal cancer; * liver cancerMicroscopic examination: * gastric ulcer; purulent appendicitis; * cirrhosis; * colorectal adenocarcinoma; hepatocellular carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach; signet ring cell carcinoma of the stomachThe disease of the urinary systemMacroscopic obs

43、ervation of the lesion: acute glomerulonephritis; chronic glomerulonephritis; chronic pyelonephritis; renal carcinoma; * bladder cancerMicroscopic examination: diffuse capillary proliferative glomerulonephritis; diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis; sclerosing glomerulonephritis; * transitional cell carcinomaInternship fiveThe disease of hematopoietic systemMacrosco