讲义HealthandMedicalcare

1、讲义HealthandMedicalcare 讲义HealthandMedicalcare 输入型病例输入型病例 疑似病例疑似病例 确诊病例确诊病例 domestic flu case case of serious conditions 居家隔离居家隔离 流感集中爆发流感集中爆发 高发季节高发季节 homegrown vaccine acquired immunity 敏感群体敏感群体 不良反应不良反应 基本药物基本药物 社区卫生站社区卫生站 imported case suspected case confirmed case 流感流感“二代二代”病例病例 重症病例重症病例 home qu

2、arantine flu outbreak high-occurrence season 本土疫苗本土疫苗 后天免疫后天免疫 sensitive groups adverse reaction essential medicine grassroots clinics 讲义HealthandMedicalcare 流感疫苗流感疫苗 抗病毒药物抗病毒药物 ease flu symptoms 呼吸道疾病呼吸道疾病 incubation period human-to-human transmission/spread/infection 预防措施预防措施 避免与避免与接触接触 加强检测加强检测 制

3、止病毒的扩散制止病毒的扩散 flu vaccine anti-viral medications/drug 减轻流感症状减轻流感症状 respiratory disease 潜伏期潜伏期 人与人之间的传播人与人之间的传播/感染感染 precautionary measures avoid contacts with step up surveillance stem the spread of the virus 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Health care in the United States Health care in the United States Hi

4、story of health care reform in the US History of health care reform in the US Health care debate Health care debate Background Information 1 3 4 Health care system in USA Health care system in USA 2 Listening Practice 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Health care in the United StatesHealth care in the United S

5、tates Health care in the United States is provided by many separate legal entities 实体. primarily provided by the private sector Public programs: Medicare医疗保险医疗保险, Medicaid公共医疗公共医疗 补助制补助制, the Childrens Health Insurance Program, the Veterans Health Administration third highest public healthcare expen

6、diture per capita 按人口平均计算 Many have argued that the system does not deliver equivalent value for the money spent. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Health care in the United StatesHealth care in the United States The US pays twice as much yet lags behind other wealthy nations. The total number of people in the

7、 US, whether insured or uninsured, who die because of lack of medical care was estimated in a 1997 analysis to be nearly 100,000 per year. higher infant mortality rate死亡率死亡率 life expectancy lags 42nd in the world, after most rich nations 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Health care system in USAHealth care sy

8、stem in USA Public programs: Medicare covers the elderly (65) and disabled with a historical work record 老年保健医疗(制度) Medicaid is available for some, but not all of the poor 医疗补助(制度) State Childrens Health Insurance Program covers children of low- income families Veterans Health Administration directl

9、y provides health care to U.S. military veterans Tricare provides civilian health benefits for military personnel, military retirees, and their dependents, including some members of the Reserve Component 预备役人员 Together, these tax-financed programs cover 27.8% of the population and make the governmen

10、t the largest health insurer in the nation. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare History of health care reform in the USHistory of health care reform in the US U.S. efforts to achieve universal coverage began with Theodore Roosevelt in 1912, and had been devoted by many administrations, e.g. that of Franklin D. R

11、oosevelt, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush etc. However, they all failed. In fact, many interest groups, including the private insurance industry and the pharmaceutical制药的 industry came out intensely against the reform. During the 2008 presidential election Barack Obama called for universa

12、l health care. After Obama assumes his office, he announced the health reform plan officially in June, 2009. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Health care debateHealth care debate Americans are divided in their views of the U.S. health system, and that there are significant differences by political affiliation

13、 政治派别. Belief that the U.S. system is best was highest among Republicans (68%), lower among independents (40%), and lowest among Democrats (32%). Whether a government-mandated 政府指定的 system of universal health care should be implemented 执行 in the U.S. remains a hotly debated political topic, with Ame

14、ricans divided along party lines in their views of the U.S. health system and what should be done to improve it. Those in favor of universal health care argue that the large number of uninsured Americans creates direct and hidden costs shared by all, and that extending coverage to all would lower co

15、sts and improve quality. Some argue that people should be free to opt out of health insurance. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Health care debateHealth care debate Advocates for a national government-funded systems believe it will produce better health outcomes at lower cost. Opponents deride 嘲笑 this type of

16、 system as socialized medicine in which the government owns the means of providing medicine. According to economist and former US Secretary of Labor, Robert Reich, only a big, national, public option can force insurance companies to cooperate, share information, and reduce costs. Some Republicans ha

17、ve expressed opposition to the public insurance option believing that an universal health coverage is still affordable and the government will not compete fairly with the private insurers. President Obama fought hard for health care reform system which would cost at least $1 trillion 万亿over roughly

18、a year of legislative drama, and won a victory to pass the health care reform by signing the bill into law on 23, March 2010. Obama Renews Push for Healthcare ReformObama Renews Push for Healthcare Reform Obama Hopes to Regain Health Care Obama Hopes to Regain Health Care Momentum with Speech to Con

19、gressMomentum with Speech to Congress US Democrats Highlight Accomplishments onUS Democrats Highlight Accomplishments on Healthcare, Economy Healthcare, Economy Obama to Soon Sign Major Healthcare ReformObama to Soon Sign Major Healthcare Reform Listening Practice 1 3 4 5 6 Insurance Industry Fighti

20、ng hard to Stop Insurance Industry Fighting hard to Stop Healthcare ReformHealthcare Reform 2 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IListening I Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed

21、, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of about 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. Now listen to th

22、e passage. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IListening I Obama Renews Push for Health-care Reform 奥巴马重新开始推行医疗改革奥巴马重新开始推行医疗改革 The White House rose garden was a sea of white medical lab coats as President Obama reached out to doctors from all 50 states. President Obama: You are the people who know thi

23、s system best. You are the experts. Nobody has more credibility with the American people on this issue than you do. With a _ _ 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening I: AnswersListening I: Answers With a crucial vote on health care expected Tuesday in the Senate Finance Committee, the president sought to

24、enlist medical professionals in the cause. He said they are aware of the failings of the current health care system, where many people rely on private health insurance to help cover their medical bills. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening I: AnswersListening I: Answers They have seen what happens when

25、patients do not come in for regular check-ups or screenings because either their insurance company does not cover it, or they cannot afford insurance in the first place. The president said there has been a lot of debate on health care reform, some of it highly emotional. He said it is important to n

26、ote that many of the people who are fighting for reform are the same people who know the system best- the doctors and nurses of America. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening II Task 1Listening II Task 1 Compound Dictation:Compound Dictation: Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three tim

27、es. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words

28、. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Now listen to the passage. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening II: ScriptListening II: Script President Obama is praising the Senate Finance Committee for passing a health care reform bill in the past week.

29、But in his weekly radio and Internet address, Mr. Obama cautions that much work needs to be done to complete his planned _ of the health care system. Mr. Obama: This is not the time to pat ourselves on the back. This is not the time to grow _. There are still significant details and disagreements to

30、 be worked out in the coming weeks. And there are still those who would try to kill reform at any cost. overhaul complacent 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening II: ScriptListening II: Script The president says the cost of failing to reform health care would _ the US economy. He warns that _ would lead

31、to lower salaries, high unemployment, lower profits and an increased number of people without insurance. Mr. Obama: For decades, rising health care costs have _ _ on families, businesses and the economy. And for decades, whenever we have tried to reform the system, the insurance companies have done

32、everything in their considerable power to stop us. inaction devastate unleashed havoc 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening II: ScriptListening II: Script Mr. Obama said the health insurance industry is mounting what he calls “on last fight to save the _.” Mr. Obama: They are filling the _with deceptive

33、and_. They are flooding Capitol Hill with lobbyists and campaign contributions. And they are funding studies designed to _the American people. status quo 电台广播 airwaves dishonest ads mislead 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening II: ScriptListening II: Script Even though one Republican Senator on the Fina

34、nce Committee, Olympia Snowe of Maine, voted for the presidents plan, most Republicans_. In the weekly Republican message, Congressman Kevin Brady of Texas says Mr. Obamas health care reform would mean higher taxes and _in private citizens medical treatment. remain opposed to it government interfere

35、nce 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening II: ScriptListening II: Script Brady: The massive health care plans being _in Washington will ultimately allow the government to decide: . Whatever reform plan emerges from the various House and Senate committees would need to pass both houses of Congress before

36、going to Mr. Obama for his signature crafted behind closed doors what doctors we can see, what treatments the government thinks you deserve, and what medicines you can receive. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening II Task 2Listening II Task 2 overhaul complacent devastate inaction unleash havoc status q

37、uo airwaves capitol hill lobbyist campaign contributions Understanding the words or phrases: Understanding the words or phrases: Directions: Learn and understand the words or phrases filled in the blanks. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening II Task 2Listening II Task 2 overhaul: vt. to make extensive r

38、enovations or revisions on; renovate革新：对做全面革新或修订； n. an act of overhauling全面检查，全面修订 complacent: a. contented to a fault; self-satisfied and unconcerned自满的，自鸣得意的 devastate: vt. to lay waste; destroy 变成废墟，荒芜；破坏 inaction: n. Lack or absence of action 不活动，懒惰：缺少 或没有活动 unleash: vt. to release or loose fro

39、m or as if from a leash解开 皮带释放；放纵 havoc: n. disorder or chaos混乱或无秩序 status quo: n. the existing condition or state of affairs 现状： 现存情况或事态 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening III Task 1Listening III Task 1 True or False:True or False: Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false

40、 according to what youve heard. Now listen to the passage. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening III: True or false?Listening III: True or false? President Obama received considerable acclaim in last months public opinion polls. ( ) Hopes for a compromise on health care between the two main parties are p

41、romising. ( ) Senator Mike Enzi believes the country needs a health care reform, but if the reform is messed up the whole generation coupled with the next generation would suffer a great loss. ( ) The majority of the constituents at town hall meetings during the August congressional recess commented

42、 on the health care issue negatively. ( ) Republicans insist a government plan would devastate private insurance industry. ( ) Several reform proposals have been submitted to the houses of Congress for consideration. ( ) 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening III Task 2Listening III Task 2 Answering quest

43、ions:Answering questions: Directions: Answer the following questions according to what youve heard. Now listen to the passage. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening III Task 2 Listening III Task 2 initiative lose ground public opinion polls town hall forums bipartisan constituents congressional recess ra

44、ucous Glossary:Glossary: 主动权主动权优先权优先权 失利失利 民意测验民意测验 市政厅座谈会市政厅座谈会 两党的 选民选民, 委托人委托人 国会休会期 嘈杂的 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening III Task 2 Listening III Task 2 adamant salvage imperative balk poll ratings skepticism undermine reconvenes Glossary:Glossary: 不动摇的不动摇的 解决解决.的困难的困难 使命使命, 义务义务 固执地拒绝固执地拒绝 支持率支

45、持率 怀疑态度怀疑态度 破坏破坏 重新召集重新召集 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening III: QuestionsListening III: Questions What is the main idea of this passage? What do the Democrats intend to achieve through the health care reform? What is the main concern of Republicans over the health care reform? What are the attitudes

46、 of the public toward the health care reform according to the public opinion poll? What is the major point of difference between the two main parties? 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening III: Reference AnswersListening III: Reference Answers 1.What is the main idea of this passage? The debate over Amer

47、ican health care reform between Republicans and Democrats. 2.What do the Democrats intend to achieve through the health care reform? They hope the reform plan would expand health insurance coverage to millions of Americans who currently do not have it. They intend to give their people the access to

48、quality, affordable health care. 3.What is the main concern of Republicans over the health care reform? The cost of the reform, which could reach one trillion dollars over the next several years. 4.What are the attitudes of the public toward the health care reform according to the public opinion pol

49、l? They are skeptical about the cost and worry about the government role. 5.What is the major point of difference between the two main parties? Whether the government should offer a health insurance program to compete with private insurance companies in an effort to drive down health care costs or n

50、ot. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IV Task 1Listening IV Task 1 Translation:Translation: Directions: Listen to the material carefully, then translate the following sentences chosen from the listening material youve just heard. Now listen to the passage. 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IV: Transla

51、tionListening IV: Translation 1. After two intense days considering numerous amendments from Democrats and minority Republicans, the House Energy and Commerce Committee completed and voted to approve one of three versions of health care reform to have emerged in the House of Representatives. 在经过紧张的两

52、天时间考虑在经过紧张的两天时间考虑 民主党和少数共和党提交的无数修改方案之后，民主党和少数共和党提交的无数修改方案之后， 众议院能源和商业委员会完成并投票通过了三个众议院能源和商业委员会完成并投票通过了三个 医疗改革方案中的其中之一提交给众议院。医疗改革方案中的其中之一提交给众议院。 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IV: TranslationListening IV: Translation 2 . Lawmakers now return to their home districts where they will use the August rec

53、ess to try to sustain or in some cases regain public support for proposals to create a government option to compete with private insurers, and expand health coverage to the 46 million to 50 million Americans currently without it. 日前，议员们回到了自己的选区。日前，议员们回到了自己的选区。 他们将利用他们将利用8 8月份的休会期在这些地区努力月份的休会期在这些地区努力

54、 维持、必要时努力恢复公众对如下计划的支持：维持、必要时努力恢复公众对如下计划的支持： 政府将与私人保险公司竞争、将医疗保险的覆盖政府将与私人保险公司竞争、将医疗保险的覆盖 面从面从46004600万尚未加入医疗保险的美国人万尚未加入医疗保险的美国人 扩大到扩大到50005000万。万。 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IV: TranslationListening IV: Translation 3. Congress and the president will remove the insurance industry from coming betw

55、een the patient and his or her doctor. 国会和总统将把挡在病人和医生中间的国会和总统将把挡在病人和医生中间的 保险业挪开。保险业挪开。 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IV: TranslationListening IV: Translation 4Democrats made a point of highlighting positive economic developments they assert are directly linked to approval earlier this year of Pre

56、sident Obamas economic stimulus and other steps aimed at restoring confidence in financial markets. 民主党强调经济发展的积极一面，他们民主党强调经济发展的积极一面，他们 认为经济发展和奥巴马总统在今年年初通过的认为经济发展和奥巴马总统在今年年初通过的 经济刺激方案以及其它旨在使金融市场恢复信经济刺激方案以及其它旨在使金融市场恢复信 心的措施是直接相关的。心的措施是直接相关的。 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IV: TranslationListening IV

57、: Translation 5Dodd: Its not about me, its about people without healthcare, or the ones who are under-insured, people out there who struggle every day. That is what really is at risk here by not getting this job done. 医疗改革不是关乎我自己，而是医疗改革不是关乎我自己，而是 关乎那些没有医疗保险，或是保险金额关乎那些没有医疗保险，或是保险金额 不足的人，关乎那些每天都生活在挣扎之

58、中的人。不足的人，关乎那些每天都生活在挣扎之中的人。 如果不进行医疗改革，如果不进行医疗改革， 就是真正的危险所在。就是真正的危险所在。 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IV: TranslationListening IV: Translation 6The 237 to 185 vote accomplished one key aspect of President Obamas goal of increasing oversight of and accountability in financial institutions that receiv

59、ed billions of dollars in federal government rescue funds. 237237：185185的投票完成了奥巴马总统的一个的投票完成了奥巴马总统的一个 重大目标：加大对金融机构的监管力度并提高重大目标：加大对金融机构的监管力度并提高 他们的经济责任。这些金融机构曾从联邦政府他们的经济责任。这些金融机构曾从联邦政府 的援助资金中拿到了数十亿美元。的援助资金中拿到了数十亿美元。 讲义HealthandMedicalcare Listening IV: TranslationListening IV: Translation 7Though it i

60、ncludes the presidents financial reform suggestions, the measure goes a step farther with a provision aimed at discouraging firms from offering pay incentives that might encourage employees to take risks that could threaten a company or the U.S. economy. 尽管这一方案囊括了奥巴马总统的金融尽管这一方案囊括了奥巴马总统的金融 改革意见，但它还进一