(完整word版)Unit10TheNewImmorality练习答案.doc

1、Unit 10The New ImmoralityConsolidation ActivitiesI. Text Comprehension1. Decide which of the following best states the authors purpose.A. To condemn the absurdity of a paradox.B. To argue that humanity is a matter of the private morality, a sense of purely personal honor, honesty, and integrity.C. T

2、o reveal the academic corruption on university campus in the USA.D. To review the data of a questionnaire distributed to some undergraduates.Key: B 2.Judge, accordingto the text,whether the followingstatements are trueor false.1). Too many scandals violently strike the world of popular entertainment

3、, and also theacademic world. T 2). The bureaucrat and disk jockey think their decisions are still just despite the fact thatthey accept presents. T 3).Theauthor absolutely blames sociology fortheparadox,forithas tendedtolayexclusivestressuponsocialmorality,and tended too oftentodefinegoodandevilasm

4、erely the socially useful. F 4). What social morality and social conscience advocate is the so-called socially desirableconduct,but what they should be concernedwithmost isthesignificantconceptofmans honor self-esteem and self-dignity. T 5). Thatplayingthegameas thegentlemanwassupposedtoplay it was

5、asoundargument among early twentieth-century reformers. T 6). A good society is composed of men with honor. T 7). The author thinks that as man of the future will lose many of the virtues that he stillhas now, humanity will finally collapse. F II. Writing StrategiesThis text is a piece of argumentat

6、ive writing. With facts as well as opinions, the writer not only expresses what he thinks but also tries to persuade the reader to share his opinionand quite possibly to do something about the status quo. Clearly, various writing strategies are employed in the text. First of all, typical examples ar

7、e supplied to exhibit a paradox of our age, thus presenting the problem or argument. Secondly, some questionsare raised in places so as to draw the readers attention to some important ideas. Thirdly, comparisons and contrasts are frequently used to highlight some major points.Fourthly, the writer an

8、alyses the psychological support underlying mentality of the new immorality and destroys the defenses given by the dishonest in a step-by-step, in-depthmanner. Finally, the writer defines the most important qualities an honest and useful man should possess, no matter how demoralized the world may be

9、come. The style of the writing is formal, and the tone is critical.The following two questions are to be answered:(1) Which sentences in the text involve a comparison?1) Yet most of these five, like most of the college cheaters, would probably profess a strong social consciousness.2) Is there really

10、 any evidence that personal dishonesty is more prevalent than it always was?3) Perhaps these things are not actually more prevalent.4) It is myconviction that thoughmen maybe no more wickedthanthey alwayshave been, they seem less likely to be ashamed.5) Even so, I still insistthatfor the individualh

11、imselfnothingis moreimportantthan this personal, interior sense of right and wrong and his determination to followthat ratherthan to beguidedbywhat everybody doesor merely thecriterion ofsocial usefulness.“(2) Which sentences in the text display a contrast or a paradox? The following sentences clear

12、ly show a contrast or a paradox:1) They may cheat, but they vote for foreign aid and for enlightened social measures.2) our seemingly great growth in social morality has oddly enough taken place in aworld where private morality - a sense of the supreme importance of purely personal honor, honesty, a

13、nd integrity - seems to be declining.3) Beneficent and benevolent social institutions are administered by men who all too frequently turn out to be accepting gifts.4) The world of popular entertainment is rocked by scandal.5) College students, put on their honor, cheat on examination.6) I have never

14、 been surprised to find men wicked, but I have often been surprised to find them not ashamed.7) And persona, as opposed to social decency, doesnt count for much.8) Sociology has tended to lay exclusive stress upon social morality, and tended too often to define good and evil as merely the socially u

15、seful or its reverse.9) What social morality and social conscience leave out is the narrower but very significant concept of honor - as opposed to what is sometimes called merely socially desirable conduct.10) It is impossible for me to imagine a good society composed of men withouthonor.11) Even co

16、operation, to give this thing its most favorable designation, is no moreimportant than the ability to stand alone when the choice must be made between the sacrifice of ones own integrity and adjustment to or participation in group activity.12) if one person alone asserts his individual and inner rig

17、ht to believe in and be loyal to what his fellow men seem to have given up, then at least he will still remain what is perhaps the most important part of humanity.III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1).but theyvote for foreign aid and for enlightened s

18、ocial measures.formally express their preference for2). College students, put on their honor, cheat on examination.trusted to keep their word3). If everybody does it, it must be right.one is justified to do it4). And persona, as opposed to social decency, doesnt count for much.in contrast with; matt

19、er very much5). What social morality and social conscience leave out is the narrower but very significant concept of honor.does not include as a part of it6). Suppose that no one except the individual suffers from the fact that he sees nothing wrong in doing what everybody else does?regards as total

20、ly acceptable7). If that is so, then they have a wrong notion of what the real, the ultimate, security is.cannot understand2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between fessdeclareProfess oftenmeans to cla

21、imthatone does or has something, butin fact they do not,while declare is to say that something is true in a firm and deliberate way.1). Nobody,at thistime of economicdepression, couldaffordtoprofessthat theywerenot interested in the job.2). The armedforces professed to beunable tostop the violence,w

22、hileinreality,theywere helping set the terror in motion.3). They ceremoniously cut a piece of ribbon, declaring the exhibition open.4). It wasdifficultto quantifyanexact figureas firmswerereluctanttodeclaretheirlosses.wickedevilWickedand evilareofteninterchangeablein thatboth meanmorallybador sinful

23、,thoughevilsoundsmuch stronger.Inan abstractsense, evilis the polaroppositeofgood and can suggest utter and insidious malevolence, or influence by the devil. Wickedcan often be used in a humorous, tongue-in-cheek, or even admiring way.1). Withherwickedsense ofhumour,she managedtoentertheworldofpopul

24、arentertainment.2). The eternal struggle between good and evil forces is the basis for morality refinement. Evil spirits who looked like humans and possessed supernatural powers used to be very popular in this part of the country.3). The tennis players wicked serve did not give his opponent any chan

25、ce.contentcontentedBoth words refer to the appeasement of need or desire. Contented refers to the fulfilling of requirements to the point of satiation, while content almost exclusively appears as a predicate adjective and suggests not the full or complete filling of needs or desire, but the willingn

26、ess to accept a modest or reasonable amount.1). Seeing her coming, his face was beaming with contented smiles.2). The media is no longer content to keep the boss happy, but it is assuming a new role of finding faults with the boss.3). It was a serene countryside, with all the contented cows and shee

27、p grazing on the slope.4). The families of disappeared prisoners are not content with a mere search for the truth, and insist that the army officials be brought to trial.enlightenacquaintAcquaintandenlightenbothmeanto impartknowledgeof a widescope, withtheformerbeingto make someone familiarwithfacts

28、 or a situationof some complexity,and the latter, as its root suggests, meaning to bring information to light, usually abouta particular point or situation and carrying an element of dispelling ignorance.1).Theill-informedwillfindtheircuriosityarousedandtheirignoranceenlightened.2). For the first fe

29、w weeks, I managed to acquaint myself with the details of the new post.3). The study of ancient Greece, the source of enlightened culture, was once seen as thebasis of a sound moral and aesthetic understanding.4). He was as well acquaintedwith exileand imprisonmentas he was with theMuseumpartlyBriti

30、sh3. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate vostdistributereprehensibleconsentprofessbeneficentadministerbureaucratconvictionscandalenlightenmores1). The new economic plan seeks to achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth.2).

31、 A number of enlightened landowners have recently set an example by making land available at less than normal market value.3). The consensus amongst the worlds scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.4). It is useless trying to convince her that she doesnt need to

32、 lose any weight.5). A great number of industries have to sack managers to reduce their huge administrative costs.6). Sadly, the main beneficiaries of pension equality so far have been men, not women.7). He professed a violent distaste for everything related to commerce, production, and money.8). To

33、 make a sound diplomat is to first believe that bureaucratic delays are inevitable.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given words with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1). rockOur film industry is on the rocks.2). stressShe coul

34、d think clearly when not under stress.3). permitIt is illegal for a foreign student with a J-1 visa to work, part-time or full-time, without a work permit.4). soundHe was lying in bed, sound asleep.5). oddHow long have you lived here? Twenty odd years.6). exclusiveThe contest was criticized for bein

35、g too exclusive and uncompetitive.5.Transformthefollowingsentences,usingverblessclauseswhereverpossible.1). The man could hardly walk, as he was stiff in every joint.Stiff in every joint, the man could hardly walk.2). The soldiers were exhausted when they crawled into their sleeping bags.Exhausted,

36、the soldiers crawled into their sleeping bags.3). The rescue party brought the man down to the base camp: he was half-dead with the cold.Half dead with the cold, the man was brought down to the base camp by the rescueparty.4). Michaels father hurried to his room and woke him up because he was angry

37、with him for oversleeping.Angry with him for oversleeping, Michaels father hurried to his room and woke himup.5). Although he was a mathematician by training, he became a famous linguist.Although / Though a mathematician by training, he became a famous linguist.6). Our company will stick to our poli

38、cy, whatever your objections may be.Our company will stick to our policy, whatever your objections.7). Stellas friend did not need to work hard for the diploma since he was the heir to a fortune.The heir to a fortune, Stellas friend did not need to work hard for the diploma.8). Though he was an even

39、-tempered man, Richard nevertheless became extremely angry when he heard what Bob had said.An even-tempered man, Richard nevertheless became extremely angry when he heard what Bob had said.9). Being a notorious burglar, Ted found it easy to force open the locked door.A notorious burglar, Ted found i

40、t easy to force open the locked door.10). He sat beside Diana, feeling the warmth of the sun against his face, and as a result he was able to relax for the first time in days.He sat beside Diana, feeling the warmth of the sun against his face, able to relax for the first time in days.Note:In a verbl

41、ess clause, not only the verb, either finite or non-finite, but the subject aswell, is usually absent. It, therefore, takes the ellipsis of clause elements one stage further than the non-finite clause. The omitted finite verb can generally be assumed to be a formof the verb be, and the subject, when

42、 omitted, can be treated as recoverable from the context.On occasion, a verbless clause can also be treated as a reduction of a non-finite clause. A verbless clause can generally be a noun phrase or an adjective phrase, or, sometimes, such a phrase preceded by a subordinate conjunction.6. Put a word

43、 in each blank that is appropriate for the context.Remorseless drinking has long been as much as a ritual of university life in the U.S. as football, final exams and fraternity parties. (1) Almost every college graduate can spin at least a (2) few tales about a boisterous night of carousing that cul

44、minated in slugging shots of tequila at sunrise or tossing drained kegs into the presidents pool. Even Thomas Jefferson had to contend with a group of drunken rowdies who caused a near riot at the school that he (3) founded in 1819, the University of Virginia. Ever since then, periodical efforts to

45、crack down on (4) excessive alcohol consumption among young scholars have been largely futile.Enforcing strict rules on university turf seems to push the parties (5) off campus. Raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21 in the 1980s merely triggered a boom in the(6) business of creating fake iden

46、tification cards.It is not clear in the study (7) whether American students are drinking more than in thepast. In fact, some schools claim to be seeing slight declines in overall alcohol consumption. But the findings suggest that among the many students who like to binge,there is a more relentless,

47、desperate (8) quality to the pursuit of intoxication. The drinkers also seem more blas than (9) ever about the consequences. Look, this is nothing, a 20-year-old University of New Hampshire student tells a reporter as she downs her fourth beer at a mid-week party. We did the same thing last night an

48、d turned out for exams. We can (10) handle it.IV. Translation1. Translating Sentences1).没有必要装出一副受到伤害的表情是你理亏。Theres no need to put on that injured expression(put on) youre in the wrong.2).我一直认为快乐和知足比金钱和名望更重要。(count)Ive always believed that pleasure and self-contentedness count more than money and fam

49、e.3). 压力很容易使人作出错误的决定。(lead sb. to do sth. )Being under pressure can easily lead people to make the wrong decisions.4).精英一族似乎满足于只在他们那个小圈子里打交道。(content)The elite seem content to socialize with the small circle of their own.5).学生在英语学习中必须强调培养交际能力。Stress shouldbe laid uponthe training(lay stress upon)of

50、studentscommunicativecompetenceintheir English studies.6).董事会对公司在最困难的时刻收到的来自各方的经济援助表示谢意。(acknowledge)The board of directors acknowledged the financial assistance received from all sources at the compan y s most difficult time.7). 反对党抗议那是由执政党操纵的舞弊选举。(rigged)Oppositionpartiesprotestedthatit was a rigg

51、ed election manipulatedby the rulingparty.8).他几十年前作的许多预测现在都被印证了。(turn out )Many of his predictions made decades ago have turned out to be true now.2. Translating PassageTranslate the following into English.美国人无论在生理上还是在精神上永远处在矛盾混乱的状态。我们拼命工作， 许多人劳累而死， 然后作为补偿， 我们玩命娱乐， 形同自杀。 我们既自强自立， 同时又完全依赖他人。我们咄咄逼人，却又

52、毫无防卫能力。我们溺爱孩子，但并不喜欢他们；反过来，孩子过分依赖父母，却又对父母满腔怨愤。我们为自己的财产、住房和教育而沾沾自喜，然而没有一个男人或女人不希望下一代生活得更好。美国人相当友善好客，乐于接待客人和陌生人， 然而当一个人奄奄一息地躺在人行道上时，人们只会围作一圈，冷漠旁观。 我们不惜巨资把困在树上的猫或掉进下水道的狗拯救出来，但当一个女孩在大街上尖声呼救时，回应的只有砰然关闭的门窗和人们无声的寂静。参考译文Americans seem to be in a state of turmoil, both physically and mentally. We work too har

53、d, and many die under the strain; and then to make up for that we play violently like committing suicide. We are self-reliant and at the same time completely dependent. We are aggressive, and defenseless. We overindulge our children and do not like them;the children in turn are overly dependent and full of hate for their parents. We are complacent in our possessions, in our ho