(完整word版)Unit7TheArtofSmartGuessing练习答案.doc

1、Unit 7The Art of Smart GuessingConsolidation ActivitiesI. Text Comprehension1. Decide which of the following best states the authors purpose.A. To introduce an effective method of interviewing candidates.B. To decide on a new quiz to find out how resourceful a thinker might be.C. To provide an acces

2、s to gaining necessary information.D. To recommend a creative model of thinking in decision-making.Key: D 2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1). The author asked the readers to pay close attention to the method to be used in solving the quiz question.

3、 T 2). The best way to know the number of phone stores in the United States is to go to the local library to do statistical research. F 3). To illustrate the smart guessing approach, the author has cited all together seven examples. F 4). The law of averages is partly responsible for the accuracy of

4、 our guesswork because our assumptions at the two extremes usually balance out. T 3. Answer the following questions.1).RefertoParagraph1. Theauthor,onthe onehand,intendedtofindouthowintelligentthe intervieweemightbe; ontheotherhand,hewas tiredoftheclich?inquestioning candidates during interviews.2).

5、RefertoParagraphs4 and 5. The bestsolutionisto risk an approximationsincethere isnt enough information for you to come up with an exactly correct answer.3). Refer to Paragraph 6. It means a great deal for business or creativity as we frequentlyneed to make decisions when full information does not ex

6、ist.4). Refer to Paragraph 9. They call them Fermi problems, named after Enrico Fermi, aNobel Prizewinner. Heused such problems toteachhisstudentshow tomake anapproximation when relevant information is inadequate.5).Refer to Paragraphs 16 and 17. It looked like a mushroom cloud. He had followed asma

7、rt way, watching unpopped popcorn kernels in the microwave oven, to approximate the hot spots for cooking instead of using scientifically sophisticated testing equipment.6). In decision-making, when the necessary relevant information is not available, guessing becomes inevitable. Smart guessing, i.e

8、. guessing based on approximations isrecommended in such circumstances, and it may often, if not always, prove to be effective and fruitful.4. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1). Did you get so tied up in these complex math figures that you were unable to give t

9、he exactly right answer?2). Did you focus all your attention on the two most important problems, and then make an estimation which may not be exactly right?3). Your mistakes will often average out, i.e. the extremely high estimations and the extremely low estimations which you make will eventually b

10、ecome equal in amount, value, or effect.4). The black cloth absorbed the heat of the sun most. So, it sank so deep below that the sunrays could not reach it.II. Writing StrategiesThis text is a typical piece of exposition developed by exemplification. The title, The Art of Smart Guessing, points out

11、 the theme of the text. The introduction, which presentsthe background of the text, is very appealing to the readers. In the body of the text, a Fermi problem is defined and illustrated with specific examples. The examples are provided to show what a Fermi problem is, to tell us how it can be solved

12、, and to suggestthe significance of the art of smart guessing. It is worth noting that the conclusion echoes the beginning, contributing to the formation of the organic unity of the essay. The writerhas incorporated descriptions, anecdotes, opinions, and facts into a highly individual expository ess

13、ay.The two questions below are worthy of our attention:(1) In what way is the introduction connected with the conclusion?In the beginning a one-question quiz is described, in which an interesting question is asked, and in the conclusion its answer is offered, with the smart guessing process presente

14、d. Thus, the beginning and the conclusion are naturally connected with each other.(2) In the body of the essay the author gives some typical examples to illustrate a Fermi problem. How many examples are presented? What do you think of the examples?Altogether, four examples are provided to explain a

15、Fermi problem. They are very typical examples that best illustrate what a Fermi problem is.III. Language Work1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.1). Did you make a completely wild guessa simply groundless prediction far from being correct2). Did you get too bogged down

16、in the details trying to come up with the exactly rightanswer?stumped or baffled; work out3). Or did you zero in on the two most important problems?come to concentrate on and deal with4). To answer the question, he recommended breaking it down into smaller, more manageable questions.dividing it into

17、5). Because of the law of averages, your mistakes will frequently balance out.be of little importance in terms of number2. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them.hazardventure1). I would hazard a guess th

18、at they will do well in the next election.2). After a casual chat about the local famine, the woman ventured to answer our cautious questions.3). Patrolling the US border with Mexico is as far as he has ventured into geopolitics.4). He could not believe that, had the Englishman known how much he was

19、 at risk, he would have hazarded his grandson.conventionaltraditional1). Whenmostsubscribedto the conventionalwisdomthatsoccer is a minorsportinAmerica, the victory had a real impact on the whole population.2). The secretary of defense argued thatconventional weapons will soon be the least ofourworr

20、iesas weaponsof mass destructionhave foundtheirway intothe handsofindividuals.3). These two parties, which are traditional rivals, describe the election as a war between neo-liberalism and communism.4). The local people are still very traditional in many ways, refusing to send their daughters to sch

21、ool.contain1). Transport is not included but can be arranged.include2). The envelope contained a typed, unsigned letter demanding one million in cash.3). The dead included six people attending a religious ceremony.4). Seemingly inconsequential details can sometimes contain significant clues.guesssup

22、pose1). Suppose someone gave you an egg and asked you to describe what exactly was inside.2). Ask the children to guess what is in each container by dipping their hands in.3). The authors intention is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.4). Everyone was supposed to dance with the bride an

23、d pin money on her dress.3. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box, using its appropriate form.resourcefulhazardintensityoutletmerchandisetrenchkernelvisualquiznauticalestimateapproximate1). This figure is five times the original estimate.2). They have no way to

24、dispose of the hazardous waste they produce.3). Britain is intensifying its efforts to secure the release of three British hostages.4). Translation must always be a process of approximation and compromise.5). Theres a sizzling summer of soccer ahead were kicking it off with a series of cracking quiz

25、zes.6). Turning that vision into a reality is not easy.7). I dont envisage I will take an executive role, but rather become a consultant on merchandise and marketing.8). Surely it is economic nonsense to deplete the world of natural resources.4. Make a sentence of your own for each of the given word

26、s with meanings other than those used in the text. You may change the part of speech of these words.1). wildAs the Super Girls came on stage they went wild.2). elegantThe article impressed me with its elegant simplicity.3). raiseAll funds raised will be used for children with leukaemia.4). figureJan

27、et was a natural blonde with a good figure.5). strokeIt didnt rain, which turned out to be a stroke of luck.6). kernelThe kernel of that message is that peace is a source of advantage for the poor.5.Combineeachpairofsimplesentencesintoa complexsentence,usingproper subordinators.1). My wife was mowin

28、g the lawn. I was trying to listen to music.While my wife was mowing the lawn, I was trying to listen to music.2). The weather remains fine. I see no reason why the village fete should not be a success.If / Provided that the weather remains fine, I see no reason why the village fete shouldnot be a s

29、uccess.3). He lost his cell-phone somewhere. The lecture hall might be the place.The lecture hall might be the place where he lost his cell-phone.4). The travelers were trapped in the cave. One of them has already been brought out.One of the travelers who was trapped in the cave has already been bro

30、ught out.5). He was lying. That is quite obvious.It is quite obvious that he was lying.6). An Australian friend is coming to see me. I made his acquaintance in Sydney last year.An Australian friend whose acquaintance I made in Sydney last year is coming tosee me.7). Sickness kept him away from schoo

31、l. He didnt get the prize.He didnt get the prize because sickness kept him away from school.8). You promise to come back in time. You shall not go to the party tonight.You shall not go to the party tonight unless you promise to come back in time.9). Lucy spoke English fast. I couldnt understand her.

32、I couldnt understand Lucy because she spoke English too fast.10). His wife waited up. He came home.His wife waited up until he came home.5. Put a word in each blank that is appropriate for the context.When Britain greats Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, was young, he (1) attended a public scho

33、ol called Harrow. He was not a good student, and as a matter of fact, (2) had he not been the son of a famous leader, he probably would have been thrownout of the school for his (3) offences. However, he (4) completed his work at Harrow, went on to the university, and then had a successful (5) caree

34、r in the British Army, touring both Africa and India. He later was elected prime minister and brought great courage to Britain through his speeches and other work during the (6) dark days of WorldWar II.Toward the very (7) end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to addresstheyoungboys at

35、 his oldschool, Harrow. However,in announcing the coming of theirgreat leader, the headmaster said,“ Young gentlemen,eatesthe gr(8) speaker of out time,ourprimeminister, willbe here ina few days toaddress you, and you should obeywhatever sound (9) advicehe may give you at that time.”The great day ar

36、rived, and the prime minister (10) appeared at Harrow. After beingintroduced, Sir Winston Churchill stood up all five feet, five inches and 107 kilos of him!He gave this short but moving speech:“ Young men, never give up. Never give up! Nevergive up! Never, never, never, never!”IV. Translation1. Tra

37、nslating Sentences1). 不要让自己陷入没完没了的考试准备之中。(bog down)Dont let yourself get bogged down in endless exam preparation.2).我小心地把花放在靠窗的地方，这样它可以得到充足的阳光。(position)I carefully positioned the flower near the window so that it could get plenty of sunlight.3). 没人能猜出这场纠纷何时会结束。(hazard a guesstimate)No one would haz

38、ard a guesstimate of when the dispute would come to an end.4).这个月开销很大， 不过下个月我们会有更多的进账，所以这阶段的收支会平衡得很好的。(balance out)It seems a lot to spend this month, but we will get in a lot more next month, so itll balance out over the period.5). 他足智多谋，富有创意，令人惊叹，对我的事业举足轻重。(resourceful)He is amazingly incomparably

39、 inventive and resourceful, and plays a major role in my career.6).乐队调试好音准后，指挥走上了舞台。(tune up)After the orchestra had tuned up the conductor walked up onto the stage.7). 现代军用飞机使用计算机瞄准目标。(zero in)Modern military aircraft use computers to zero in on their targets.8).她想出了一个绝妙的主意来劝说老板给她双份工资。(come up with

40、)Shes come up with a brilliant idea to persuade her boss to double her income.2. Translating PassageTranslate the following into English.使自己摆脱某些教条的好办法之一是了解自己生活圈子以外人们所持的观点。你要是觉得人们和报纸失却常理，颠倒是非， 甚至邪恶，这时你就得提醒自己，在他们眼里你没有什么两样。这么思考双方都可能是对的，却不可能都是错的。这样的反思可以给人一个警觉。想像力丰富的人可以设想自己跟一个不同见解的人进行辩论，这不失为一个好办法。相比真正的辩论

41、，这样做有一个好处，也仅有一个好处，那就是它不受时空的限制。参考译文：A good way of ridding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. If the people and the newspaperseem mad, perverse, and wicked, remind yourself that you seem so to them. In this opinion both

42、 parties may be right, but they cannot both be wrong. This reflection should generate a certain caution.For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual c

43、onversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space.VI. WritingWrite an essay of about 400 words on the following topic.ON THE PROS AND CONS OF CELL PHONESIn the first paragraph of your writing you should present your thesis stat

44、ement. Then in each of the paragraphs that follow, focus on one of them for elaboration. In the final paragraph, summarize what you have written and re-assert your opinion.The transitional devices in listed in Unit 6 can be used to introduce the pros and the following can introduce the cons:1. more

45、serious, even worse, to make matters worse; and2. most serious of all, worst of all.Between the pros and the cons, it is necessary to add one or two transitional sentences. You would probably find the sentences below useful:1. However, every coin has two sides. While we are discussing the merits of

46、., we cannot forget its/their demerits.2. Now, lets look at the reverse side of the coin.3. But merits usually go hand in hand with demerits.Further EnchantmentII. Text IIEDUCATIONE.B. WhiteIII. Text Comprehension1. Answer the following multiple-choice questions:1). Which of the following quotations

47、 from the text can best justify the author first comment on his son s teacher in the country school, i.e. a third -grade scholar?A. The incident of being kicked in the shins by another boy.B. Relief of himself in the washroom.C. The large number of peers.D. The Christmas performance.Key: D 2). The t

48、eacher does many things in the country school EXCEPT _.A. designing the kids school uniformsB. abusing the kids that fail to behave themselvesC. doing the cleaning of the schoolD. enjoying the kids trust and friendshipKey: B 3). The word scholar is used time and again in the text. Besides referring

49、to the teacher in the phrase a third-grade scholar, it is used to refer to _. A. the other teacher of the schoolB. the author himselfC. the author s sonD. somebody not specifiedKey: C 4). According to the author s description, which of the following didnA. Waiting for the pupils at bus stops.B. Runn

50、ing very fast.C. Arriving at the bus stop on time.D. Picking up the pupils on the way to school.Key: A t the school bus do?5). Of the followingfourwords,whichcan best substitutethe underlinedwordin thesentence“ We got his laconic report All right”?A. happyB. merryC. briefD. indifferentKey : C 2. Que

51、stions for Discussion1). In the country school, what are the duties of the teacher outside class?She has a variety of duties in addition to her teaching responsibilities. She managesto function quietlyand effectivelyas a guardianof theirhealth,their clothes,and theirhabits. She supervises lunchrooms

52、, playgrounds, and study sessions. She even cooks forthe children.She remainsconcernedwiththe feelingsand individualprogressof eachstudent.2). How does the author use humor to narrate his sons school experiences?Much of the humor in the passage comes from the authors narration of his sons school experiences. He stretches