高中英语语法专项练习_定语从句课件

1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句复习定语从句复习 定语从句复习定语从句复习 定语从句定语从句 The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语 that which who whom 关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以： 何时可以省略？何时可以省略？ 做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法 n关系代词在从句中可以做状语

2、关系代词在从句中可以做状语 n地点状语地点状语:where n原因状语原因状语:why n时间状语时间状语:when 限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. I have found the book which I lost. I visited the school where I studied. 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 注意事项注意事项: 1.从句的位置从句的位置: 2.翻译方法翻译方法: 3.构成：构成： 先行

3、词先行词 之后之后 “.的的” 关系词关系词 先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系 A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. The school where I study is far from my home. the machine = that the boy =who the boys =whose in the school = w

4、here 关系代词实际上是先行词的复关系代词实际上是先行词的复 指指 关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格 关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词 Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. 先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系 Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly. 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 th

5、e machine a machine Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. A plane is can fly. 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 a machine that /which 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We

6、 saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary. her The girl 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary. her The

7、girl 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary. her The girl 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary. her The girl 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: Th

8、e girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl 关系代词的实质关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. The girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary. 关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习 1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hu

9、ngry. He came to supper last night. 3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I dont like the people. They smoke a lot. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry

10、. .He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm. The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious. I dont like the people that / who they smoke a lot. 关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系 I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are m

11、any reasons why people like traveling. I dont like the way that you speak. on the day =when in the house= where for the reasons =why in the way =that 关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词 1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I w

12、orked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in which which where/ in which which why/ for which that/which 几种易混的情况几种易混的情况 及物动词及物动词 及物动词及物动词 及物动词及物动词 难用的难用的 whose The teacher praised the student. His E

13、nglish is the best in our class. The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class. Join the following pair of sentences. whose =the students 关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格 难用的难用的 whose The house is mine. The window of the house is broken. Join the following pair of sentences

14、. The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses window The house is mine. the window of which is broken of which the window is broken 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful. Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who

15、 is kind, is popular with the students. Please compare: 形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译 限制性定限制性定 语从句语从句 非限制性非限制性 定语从句定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful. Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the stude

16、nts. Please compare: 形式形式作用作用翻译翻译 限制性定限制性定 语从句语从句 非限制性非限制性 定语从句定语从句 插入成插入成 分分 修饰限定修饰限定 补充解释补充解释能能 不能不能.的的 能否省略能否省略 Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. 分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果 The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I

17、live, is beautiful. 分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果 限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确， 所以不能省略所以不能省略 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较 2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry. 4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of

18、_ are teachers. This which whom them that 1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book. which as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 The earth is round._ is known to all. The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round _ is known to all that the earth is round. It which / as A

19、s It as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected 定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句 (1) This is the same book as I lost. This is the same bookthat I lost. Please compare: 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。 这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。

20、 as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (2) This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it. as that Please complete the following sentences and compare: as that 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣

21、的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句) 这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句) 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1 The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away. to in 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are

22、 these two sentences right? 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are these two sentences right? 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are these t

23、wo sentences right? 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are these two sentences right? 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are these two sente

24、nces right? 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3 The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away. to in Are these two sentences right? 可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4 Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better

25、 . 在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前 下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗? 1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, st

26、ands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for

27、at least a year. on which for which from which about which through which under which of which from which to whom of which 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习 1.He did all / everything _he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school

28、. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first thing _ I want to say. 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth. that , which or who? that that that that that that that that that , which

29、 ,whose, whom or who? 9.Is there anything else _ you want to say? 10.Any person _ has the money can join the group. 11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset. 12.He opened the door, in front of _ sat a boy. 13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist. 14.The boy _ moth

30、er is dead was brought up by his father. that that which which whom whose 只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况 1. 1. 先行词为先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,little, much,等不定代词时。等不定代词时。 2.2.先行词被先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, all, any, every, each,

31、 much, little, no, some, fewno, some, few等修饰时等修饰时 3 3先行词有先行词有形容词最高级和序数词形容词最高级和序数词修饰时修饰时 4 4先行词先行词既指人又指物既指人又指物时时 5 5先行词被先行词被the only, the verythe only, the very修饰时修饰时 6. 6. 句中已经有句中已经有whowho时，为了时，为了避免重复避免重复时时 只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况 1.1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用在非限制性定语从句中，只能用whichwhich指代物，指代物， 用用who/whomwho

32、/whom指人指人. . 2.2.在由在由“介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，引导的定语从句中， 只能用只能用whichwhich指物，指物，whomwhom指人。指人。 3.3.先行词本身是先行词本身是thatthat时，关系词用时，关系词用which, which, 先先 行词为行词为those, one, hethose, one, he时多用时多用whowho。 关于关于as引导定语从句的问题引导定语从句的问题 as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the sameas，suchas，asas的结构中。 1. as与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句， 并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。 He married the girl，as(which)was natural. He seemed a foreigner,as(which)in fact he was. 不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而 which不行。 As