Chapter Nine 第九章

1、Chapter Nine 第九章：英汉篇章的翻译 L Omission & Negation Teaching Procedures I. Review and comments on the assignments II. Omission III. Negation IV. Practice V. Summary VI. Assignments VII. References for further reading I. Review and comments on the assignments 6.The guard inside the prison had no guns. But

2、 those in the towers did. 牢房的狱警并不带枪， 但了望塔内的狱警是带枪的。 7. His arrogance made everyone dislike him. 他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。 8. Now birth control became a possibility. 现在节制生育已成为一种可行的办法了。 9.They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 他们谈到通货膨胀、失业、环境污染等问题。 10. In the evening, after the banq

3、uets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the communiqu. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会。观看乒乓球表演之后，他 还得起草最后公报。 I. Review and comments on the assignments 11. The crowd melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。 12. As he sat down and began talking， words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 13. Day

4、after day he came to his work- sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活-扫地，攃地板， 收拾房间。 14. First you borrow, then you beg. 头一回借钱， 下一回就讨饭。 15. A new kind of aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless-is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意这种飞机 体积不大，价钱便宜， 无人驾驶。 I. Review and comments on the assignmen

5、ts 16. After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to san Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后， 飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。 17. He felt the patriot rise within his breast. 他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 18. The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. 原来是老头儿已教会了孩子捕鱼， 所以孩子很爱他。 19. The old man said,”

6、they say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.” 老头儿说：“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。 他过去也许跟 我们现在一样穷。” 20. Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛！ 我不过开开玩笑罢了。 21. Once, they had a quarrel. 有一次，他们争吵了一番。 I. Review and comments on the assignments 22. Yes, I like Chinese food. Lot

7、s of people do these days, sort of the fashion. 不错， 我喜欢中国菜。 现在很多人喜欢中国菜， 这种情况 算是有点赶时髦吧！ 23. For mistakes had been made, bad ones. John is your friend as much as he is mine. 因为已经犯了许多错误， 而且还是很糟糕的错误。 24. They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their wa

8、y to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow. 他们举行了示威游行 和静坐， 散发了请愿书， 而这些请愿 书必定回传到驻莫斯科的记者手中。 25. The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder, too. 这一下不仅震动了他的手，也震动了他的肩膀。 26. And the body lay white and still beneath the pines, all bathed in sunshine and in blood. 这具尸体苍白而安静地躺在松树下， 浴在阳光中， 浴在血 I. Re

9、view and comments on the assignments 27. They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定， 他是否履行了受雇条件， 是否履行了作为 美国公民所应尽的职责。 28. Each country has its own customs. 各国有各国的风俗。 29. You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like bes

10、t. 我书架上的小说你最爱哪一本， 你就可以借哪一本。 30. Our reception in China, he would tell people, “was enormously gracious and polite”; we were “very businesslike, very precise, no rhetoric on either side.” 他逢人便说，当中国接待我“非常周到，客气极了”；给 我们的待遇“好得不得了”； 会谈“非常务实， 非常明确， 双方都不说空话。” II. Omission in translation ? ? 1.译文虽无其词而已有其意 ?

11、2.译文中是不言而只喻的 ? 3. 汉语中没有冠词，代词，连词，介词用 得也 ? 少。 ? 4.有时牺牲原句中一些次要的部分，使译 文简 ? 洁明了，顺畅自然. II. Omission in translation A. 语法角度上的省略 A camel is much inferior to an elephant in strength. 骆驼的力气远不如大象。（省略不定冠词） I. Review and comments on the assignments 1. Her room is always kept clean and tidy though she is busy all

12、 day. 尽管她整天忙忙碌碌， 她的房间却保持得干干净净，利利落落。 2.The secret is just between you and me. 这秘密只有你我两人知道。 3. “How shall I do it?” - “Just as you wish.” “这事我怎么办好？” - “你想怎么办就怎么办。” 4. Either you do it, or we will get somebody who will. 要么你去办， 要么我们就派愿意办的人去办。 5. They would not have done such a thing without government a

13、pproval. 如果没有政府的同意， 他们是不会做这种事的。 II. Omission in translation The earth is round. 地球是圆的。（省略定冠词） The flowers are beautiful. 这些花很美。（省略系动词） Early to rise and early to bed makes a man healthy. 早睡早起使人身体健康。（省略连词and 和 不定冠词a ） II. Omission in translation As it is late, youd better go home. 时间不早了，你该回家了。（省译原因的

14、从属连词as） Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled. 金属热胀冷缩。（省译从属连词when） I wont go if you are not going. 你不去，我也不去。（省译连词if） II. Omission i n translation 8.It was very quiet at the moment. 当时很安静。（省译it） Dont put your hands in your pocket. 别把手放在口袋里。（省译两个物主代词） 10Those who are in favour please hold

15、 up their hands. 赞成的请举手。（省译指示代词、关系代词 和物主代词） II. Omission in translation 11Suddenly, there came a knock at the door. 突然响起了敲门声。（省译介词） 12Im warning you for the last time. 我最后一次警告你。（省译介词） II. Omission in translation 13The precuts produced in our factory are good in quality and low in price. 我们厂的产品物美价廉。

16、14. Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不准吸烟。（省略表地点的介词） II. Omission in translation B. 意义或修辞角度上的省略 1. It has been three years since he began to smoke. 他抽烟三年了。 2. Instead of one old woman knocking me about and starving me, everybody of all ages knocked me about and starved me. 那时打我并且使我挨饿的不只是一

17、个老太婆， 而是老老少少各式各样的人。 (如加上“打我并且使我挨饿”就不能够精 II. Omission in translation 3. It is required that the machine should be maintained at regular intervals. 机器需要定期维修。（意思在汉语中已暗 含，译出反显累赘。） 4. Williams Sidney Porter, who is known under his pen name, O. Henry, is one of the best known writers of America. 威廉.悉尼.波特尔

18、，笔名欧.享利，是美国最 著名的作家之一。 II. Omission in translation 5. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead. 天未下雪，但叶落草枯。 II. Omission in translation C. Put the following into Chinese, paying special attention to omission. 1. John did all the work, and he did it well. 约翰做了全部工作，而且干

19、得不错（省略人 称代词） 2. He received a warm welcome from his family. 他受到家人的热烈欢迎。（省略物主代词） II. Omission in translation ? 3. Its stormy out at sea. 海上有暴风雨。（省略非人称代词） 4. It was Mr. Johnson who had taught us English in middle school. 在中学教我们英语提约翰逊先生。（省略 引导词it） II. Omission in translation ? 5. You cant help me and I

20、 cant help you, either. 你帮不了我，我也帮不了你。（省略并列 连词and） 6. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（省略从属连 词if） II. Omission in translation ? 7. Because I dont complain, people think Im satisfied. 我不发怨言，人们就以为我满意了。（省 略从属连词 8. Smoking is not allowed in the storehouse. 仓库重地，严禁吸烟。（省略介词） II. Omis

21、sion in translation 9. All passengers got off the bus as the bus pulled into the station. Tom also stood up slowly. 汽车时站，所有的乘客 都下了车，汤姆也 慢慢站起来。（省略定冠词） 10. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. 自由的国家中将一直存在矛盾的思想，这 是力量的源泉。（省略不定冠词） III. Negation in tr

22、anslation ? A. 英语的否定： ? 1.借助词汇手段外， ? 2. 借助句子结构和特殊表达方式： ? 全部否定、部分否定、双重否定、 ? 形式否定、意义否定等念。 ? B. 汉语的否定： ? “不”、“非”、“否”、“勿”、“别”、 “无”、 ? “未”、“莫”、“不是”、“没有”、 “决不”、“毫 ? 无”、“几乎没有”、“几乎不”等简单的 词汇。 III. Negation in translation 1 .全部否定 ? 在英语中，全部否定是通过一些否定词来表达的。 这类否定词常用的有：no, none, not, never, nobody, nothing, nowher

23、e, neither. nor 等。全部否定的译法一般可直接译成汉语的否定 句。例如： ? 1) Nowadays it is not difficult to go abroad. ? 现如今出国并不难。 ? 2) The boy was nowhere to be found. ? 到处都找不到那个男孩。 III. Negation in translation 2.部分 否定 ? 1) 某些不定代词:all, both, every, each ? “不都是”、“并非都”、“并不都”、“不全 是” ? 2)某些副词:often, always ? “不总是” ? 3)有些副词:hardl

24、y, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little等词也表示部分否定。例如： III. Negation in translation 2.部分 否定 ? 1) All the novelists detective cases, however, were not successful. ? 然而，那位小说家的侦探案例并不都是那么成功的。 ? 2) Both the instruments are not precision ones. ? 这两台仪器并非都是精密的。 ? 3) The bell had hardly rung when the teacher

25、came into the classroom. ? 铃一响老师就走进教室了。 ? 4) Seldom do people go to the cinema nowadays. ? 现在人们很少看电影。 III. Negation in translation 3. 双重否定 ? 1) Nothing is so difficult that it can not be done. ? 有志者事竟成。 ? 2) There is not any advantage without disadvantage. ? 有一利必有一弊。 ? 3) It is none other than zinc.

26、 ? 这就是锌。 III. Negation in translation 3. 双重否定 ? 1) If there were no energy, there would be no force and work. ? 没有能量，就不会有力和功。 ? 2) He cannot but agree. ? 他不得不同意。 ? 3) There is no story without coincidence. ? 无巧不成书。 III. Negation in translation 4. 形式上否定，意义上肯定 有些英语句子或短语形式上是否定的，意义上却 是肯定的。这类句子一般可译成汉语的肯定

27、句。 现分述如下： ? “nothing” 有时意为“零”、“正好”。如： 1) Multiply 6 by nothing, and the result is nothing. 六乘以零等于零。 2) He is five foot nothing. 他整整五英尺高。 III. Negat ion in translation 4. 形式上否定，意义上肯定 ? ? ? ? “cannot be + too 形容词”意为“怎 么. 也不过分”、“越.越好”。如： 1) You cannot be too careful in answering an English paper. 答英语卷越

28、仔细越好。 2) This point cannot be overemphasized. 这一点应该特别强调。（或：这一点怎么 强调也不过分。） III. Negation in translation 4. 形式上否定，意义上肯定 ? “no, none, nothing + but, like”意为“只 有”、“只”、“不过”等。“nothing short of ”则有“简直可以说”的意思。如： 1) There is no man but errs. 人人难免有过失。 2) Nothing but a miracle can save him. 只有奇迹才能挽救他。 III. Neg

29、ation in translation 5. 表示否定的特殊结构、短语和词汇 有些动词如：refuse, wonder, fail 等可意 译成汉语否定词。 1) The engine failed to start. 发动机（打）不着（火）。 2) I wonder if I can go with you. 我不知道能不能和你们一起走。 3) The drain just refused to work. 排水管就是不排水。 ? ? ? ? ? ? III. Negation in translation 5. 表示否定的特殊结构、短语和词汇 above, beyond, out of

30、;last, short (of), far from; 副词ill; 连词before等，在某些句 子的上下文中有否定含义 1) It is beyond my power to I make such a decision. 我没有权力做这样的决定。 2) He would be the last man to be in charge of such a project. 他最不合适负责这一工程。 ? ? ? ? III. Negation in translation 5. 表示否定的特殊结构、短语和词汇 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3) This question i

31、s far from being difficult. 这个问题一点也不复杂。 4) We are short of hands at present. 我们目前人手不够。 5) Mr. Green is out of town this week. 格林先生这星期不在城里。 6) He was ill treated in hospital. 他在医院里受到不公正待遇。 7) I would die before I surrender. 我宁死也决不投降。 III. Negation in translation 5. 表示否定的特殊结构、短语和词汇 8) He is anything b

32、ut modest. ? 他一点儿也不谦虚。 9) We tried in vain to measure the voltage. ? 我们原想测量电压，但没有成功。 10) We gave him some good advice, but he made light of it. ? 我们给他忠告，但他不当一会事。 III. Negation in translation 5. 表示否定的特殊结构、短语和词汇 “no more than”, “no less than” 意为 “只.”“一样.”等。 1) We developed no more than three kinds of

33、advertisers. ? 我们只研制了三种信号装置。 ? 2) She is no less active than she used to be. ? 她跟从前一样活跃。 ? III. Negation in translation ?6. 英语中反诘问句 ? 1) Dont you think it foolish to act like this? ? 难道你不认为这样做很傻吗？ 2) Hasnt the train arrived? 火车难道还没到？ III. Negation in translation 7否定转移 形式上否定的是谓语动词, 而实际意义上 否定的是另一个名词短语

34、 ? 形式上否定的是一个名词短语, 而实际意 义上否定的是谓语动词 ? 形式上否定的是主语部分, 而实际意义上 否定的是从句部分。 III. Negation in translation 8“no”与谓语动词的肯定式句型： ? “在no与动词的肯定式”句型中，no所 表达的否定常常转移到谓语动词上。一般 译成“不+动词”。如： ? 1) At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. ? 中国在任何时候任何情况下, 都不首先使 用核武器。 ? 2) A transfor

35、mer provides no power of its own. ? 变压器本身不产生电力。 III. Negation in translation 9.“no” 和 “not” 表示否定意义的区别： ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? no” 和 “not” 都含有否定的意思, 但在句子里意 思有很大不同。例如： 1) He is not a doctor. 他不是医生。 He is no doctor. 他根本不是医生。 2) It is not a joke. 这不是笑话。 It is no joke. 这绝不是开玩笑的事。 “ III. Negation in translatio

36、n 10. 某些词后的否定转移 ? 英语中表示看法和想法的动词：think, suppose, believe, guess, expect, imagine ? 1) I dont suppose they will arrive on time. ? 我想他们不会准时来。 ? 2) I dont think it is good to marry early. ? 我认为早婚没什么好处。 III. Negation in translation Exercises in class. ? I. Put the following into Chinese, paying special a

37、ttention to negation. ? 1. Im wiser than to believe what you call money talks. ? 我才不相信你所介绍的金钱论呢（你说的金钱万能呢）。 ? 2. He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life. ? 叫他干什么他都愿意， 只是不要再过那种日子就行。 ? 3. All graduates from the Foreign Languages Institutes will not be appointed to do translat

38、ion work. ? 外语院校的毕业生并非人人被分配去做翻译工作。 III. Negation in translation ? 4. Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new master. ? 非洲踢出西方帝国主义并不是为了请进其他新的 主子。 ? 5. One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood. ? 新到一个陌生的地方， 越小心越好。 ? 6. Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection. ? 再漂亮的东西，只要仔细观察， 也会发现某种 缺陷。 III. Negation in translation ? 7. All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the tem