雅思模拟测试题

1、LISTENINGapproximately 30 minutesSECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1 5Complete the form belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.SYDNEY UNIVERSITYFirst Name :Example : JerryAddress :1.1472oak streetzMan ChesterFaculty:Age: Nationality:234Question 5much does the course cost$Que

2、st/on 6Circle the correct letters AC.6. The student says hed like to:A Live at a student hostelB Share social with classmatesC Live as a home stayQuestion 7 and 8Complete the table belowWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.UNIVERSITY FACILITIESCafeteria :FantasticLibrary :7Comp

3、uter Room :8.Question 9 and 10Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.9. What proportion of students come from England10. How long is a train ride from the university to the centerSECTION 2 Questions 11 - 20Questions 11 -20Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer

4、.His first impression of the institute was12. Erics first accommoda廿on was.23. He usually has meals in a14. The food at the dining hall was15. The students in the university were16. The name of his present course is17. The difficulty of his present course is18. The suggestion for improving the cours

5、e is19. Eric has been in his first accommodation for)20. His second accommodation isSECTION 3 Questions 21 - 30Circle the correct letters AC.21. How long do they make preparations before they arriveA two weeksB five weeksC eight weeks22. How many books does a course need(A 31B 25C 2923. How many boo

6、ks could we sell if a lecturer tells us that he expects us to sell 90 copies of a bookA 45-150B 35-120C 45-12024. How much is academic and professional publishing market worth a year A $500 millionB $400 millionC $4500 millionWrite NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.%Some even go s

7、o far as 25to the appropriate lecturers inorder to let them know whats coming up.The publishers send us 一 26.inspection copies lecturerscan then geta free copy and decide whether its going to be suitable forIMain object is to find books that are good 28.Also look for books that are 29.and 30.SECTION

8、 4 Questions 31 - 40Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.There are a lot of perishable food such as 31.and vegetablesGive three reasons to preserve food: eat these kinds of foods all year round there are food shortagesA number of methods of preserving food involve: low temperat

9、ure33. chemicalsirradiation34. Circle two correct letters 4E35. /36 How many minutes does heating milk to 65C and 150C take according to/Zpasteurizatio nA:45 minutesB:14 minutesC:33 minutesD:4 secondsE:3 secondsCircle the correct letters A-C.37. When were tin cans first used to store and preserve fo

10、odA in the early 1900sB in the early 1700sC in the early 1800s38. Whe n was the refrigerator inven tedA in 1824B in 1822C in 1825Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.39. Sugar is used to preserve jamsVinegar is used to.40. -41. Water has evaporated leaving onlyACADEMIC READING

11、60 minutesReading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 1-13,which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.The Natural Greenhouse EffectThe natural greenhouse effect is a phenomenon created by the heat energy radiated by the sun and greenhouse gases normally present in the atmosphere I

12、n simple terms, sunlight passes through the atmosphere, warming the Earth In turn, the Earth radiates this energy back towards space As it passes through the atmosphere, gree nhouse gases (water vapor, carb on dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) absorb part of the energy, while the remainder escapes

13、 into space.This means that some of the suns energy becomes trapped 一 thus making the lower part of the atmosphere, and Earth, warmer.Energy in balanceIf the atmosphere accumulated all the trapped heat, then the Earths temperature would just rise and rise, but it doesnt. The temperature only rises u

14、ntil the amount of infrared(红外线的)or long wave radiation leaving the Earth balances the amount of energy coming in from the sun As long as the amount of greenhouse gases in the air stays the same, and as long as the amount of heat arriving from the sun is constant, an equilibrium is established (11)

15、This is a steady state where as much energy is lost to space as is gained from the sun. In equilibrium, the natural greenhouse effect maintains the average temperature of Earth at around 14 degrees CelsiusThe atmosphere is changingThe Earths atmosphere is made up of 78 per cent nitrogen and 21 per c

16、ent oxygen Only about 1 per cent is made up of natural greenhouse gases, but this comparatively small amount of gas makes a big difference Before the Industrial Re vol u 廿 on (which started in England about 300 years ago) the mix of gases that made up the atmosphere was relatively con stant. The In

17、dustrial Revolu廿on brought new industrial processes, more extensive agriculture, and a rapid increase in the worlds population. This rapid increase in human activity meant that more of the gases which cause the greenhouse effect were released into the atmosphere We know this because of measurements

18、made over the last 35 years and the analysis of air bubbles trapped in ancient ice There is now clear evidence that levels of carb on dioxide (8 题的问题),methane, n itrous oxide and halocarbons are increasingThe enhanced greenhouse effect and climate changeMany scien廿sts think that the increasing conce

19、ntration of these greenhouse gases has led to an increase in the worlds average temperature This is called the enhaneed greenhouse effect. While scientists agree that the levels of greenhouse gases are rising, there is less certainty about what the precise effects of this will be. To help them under

20、stand these effects, scientists use mathematical models These models take account of many processes that together determine the behavior of the atmosphere (eg, temperature, humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure). Many researchers are predicting that the world will get warmer; but exactly how

21、 much warmer or how quickly it will happen Is still being debatedA national and international issueAn increase in global temperature would bring changes to the entire planet, and therefore to every nation. This makes it an inter nation al issue( 13 每一彳、国家) which n eeds worldwide study and resp on se

22、s But in dividual countries are each resp on sible for their own gree nhouse gas production. Australia produces about per cent of the worlds anthropogenic!类人类基因） greenhouse gases We have very high emissions of greenhouse gases relative to other developed countries, considering the size of our popula

23、tion and economy （6 与题目所提出的有异）.One of the reasons for this is that other n ations have reduced their carb on dioxide emissions because they use more n atural gas and nu clear power in stead of oil and coal.Australia and over 150 other countries signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Clima

24、te Change at the first Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 This agreement set up a process which enabled govemments to meet regularly to discuss action to avert extreme climate change. As a result of subsequent talks, all developed countries were asked to reduce their gree nhouse gas emissi

25、ons to 1990 levels In December 1997z a con ference of go ver nments held in Japan attempted to reach legally binding agreements about what each country should do. The idea was for each country to reduce its greenhouse gas output by a similar percentageAustralian scientistsThe Australian government a

26、rgued that this was not fair on Australia because they have a different sort of economy from other developed nations, and would suffer economic and social costs if emissions were reduced by the same percentage as other countries（10 与题目不符）. Australian scientists are working on many aspects of the gre

27、enhouse effect to determine climatic trends Others model the effect of the enhaneed greenhouse effect on Australias climate and economy（12 很明显的大情况）.Still some scientists prefer to live and work on the Antarctic ice capz to see what effect the enhanced greenhouse effect may be having there All this i

28、s part of a worldwide attempt to better understand what may be causing global warming and to decide what can be done about it.Questions 1-5Complete the summary using the list of words A-L below.Write the correct letter, in boxes on your answer sheet.As modernity continues to progresses, a global con

29、 cern over the en hanced 11 hasproduced an extensivecollaboration between over 150 countries. Scientific evidence has demonstrated a steady in crease in levels of carb on dioxide, metha n 巳 nitrous oxide and 2E .OR.LIn 1992,the United Nations presented at the first Earth Summit, a realis廿c framework

30、 proposal to reduce greenhouse emissions back to their corresp on ding 3D levels .In 1997, aconf ere nee in 4Jattempted tocreate an in ternational sta ndard on the amount of emissions that should be reduced by any industrialized country today The Australian government argued a standard was not fair

31、due to the diverse economy of each culture and na廿on involved Further research continues in attempt to understand all the aspects causi ng 5H and whatsolutions can be achieved by developed countries in up coming millennium.ARio de B1992 CatmosphereJan eiro1990 Enitrogen FIndustrialDRevoluti onGtempe

32、ratur 6global 1greenhousee HwarmingeffectJJapan Kequilibriuhalocarbonm LsQuestions 6-10Do the following statements agree with information given in the Reading Passage 1In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet, writeTRUEFALSENOT GIVENif the statement agrees with the informationif the statement contradicts

33、the information if there is no information on this6. Developing countries are attempting to maintain a standard gas emission rate NG7.Chlorofluorocarbons are compounds, similar to hydrocarbo ns, but the hydroge n atoms have been replaced by fluorine and chlorine atoms NG 完全没有7. Studies in ancient ic

34、e have revealed an increase in carb on mono xide levels F8. The Earths atmosphere is made up of 78 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen. TRUE9. Australia agrees with the United Nations proposed regulatory agreement FQuestions 11-13Choose the correct letter A, B or CWrite the correct letter in bo

35、xes 11-13 on your answer sheet.equilibrium of greenhouse gases can only be established Bwhen the amount of lunar heat and greenhouse gasses in space remain constant AB when the amount of solar heat and greenhouse gasses in the air remain constant.C when Australia stops producing % of the worlds tota

36、l greenhouse emissions.D when Earths accumulated heat rises and falls12. Australian scientists are working on what aspects of the greenhouse effect CProgressive disturbances in the rate of carbohydrates in the atmosphere.B Living in the Antarctic and the effects of snow production.C Climatic trends

37、and effects in relation to economic outcomes.An international emission rate suitable for all modern countries D13. An increase in global temperature would affect the entire planet, therefore BA this makes it exclusively a socio/economical issue.B this makes it exclusively an international issuej thi

38、s makes it exclusively a national issueCD this makes it exclusively an extraterrestrial issueReading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 14-26,which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.CHILD PSYCHOLOGYThe study of childre ns behavior in eludes all physical, cog nitiv 巳 motor, lin

39、 guistic, perceptual, social, and emotional characteristics, from birth through adolescence (24 研究从哪个阶段开始. Child psychologists study the similarities and differences among children and describe normal as well as abnormal behavior and development. Two critical problems for child psychologists are (1)

40、 to determine how environmentai variables (such as parental attitudes) and biological characteristics (such as health) interact and influe nee behavior; and (2) to understand how behavioral changes influence one another.HistoryBoth Plato and Aristotle wrote about children. Plato believed that childr

41、en are born with special talents and that their training should stress those talents. His views are consistent with modern thinki ng about in dividual d if fere nces and educatio n. Aristotle proposed methods for observing childrens behavior that were forerunners for modern methods In the 18th centu

42、ry the French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau seemed to echo Plato when he stated that children should be free to express their energies in order to develop their special talents. His view suggests that normal development occurs best in a nonrestrictiv巳 supportive environment. Similar concepts are

43、 popular todayScientific studycIn the 19th century, Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution provided an impetus for the scientific examination of child development His emphasis on the survival behavior of different species led to observing children to identify their adaptive behaviors and to learn about

44、 the inheritance of human behavior. These studies were of limited scientific value because they lacked objectivity and often failed to describe adequately the behaviors being observed, making validation impossible DScientific research in child development flourished from the early 1900s The Stanford

45、Binet Intelligenee Test (1916), by the American psychologist Lewis Terman led to a number of studies about childrens intellectual development In the 1920s scientists began large-scale observational studies of children and their families All used the Iongitudinal method, in which the same children ar

46、e observed and tested over a specific time periodEThe accumulated results of all the major studies reported over a period of 20 years provided information about patter ns and rates of child developme nt, as well as age norms for a wide variety of behaviors These norms are used to assess childrens de

47、velopment One problem with the observational studies was that they emerged from an interest in evolution and genetics. Con sequently, environ mental in fluences were largely dismissed as unimportant and were excluded from the work on intelligenceEnvironmental studiesFAbout the time that the observat

48、ional work was flourishing, other researchers were writing about the role of the environment in childrens development and behavior. Sigmund Freud, who emphasized the effects of environmentai variables on development, stressed the importance of pare ntal behavior during infancy. To the prese nt day,

49、Freuds theory contin ues to in fluence child psychologists.GPsychologist John B Wats on also stressed the role of the environment in shaping childrens development, called Behaviorism Although behaviorists emphasize environment, they almost totally deny the in fluence of biological variables on devel

50、opme nt Their basic assumptions are that the mind of a newborn child is a blank slate, or tabula rasa; all behaviors are determined by environmental events; and differences among children are the result of those environmental variables Although they contributed much to the study of children, their c

51、oncepts eventually were viewed as being overly narrowThus, curre nt studies have their origi ns in Darwins theory of evolutio n but also in corporate Watsons concern for the influe nee of the environ ment HThroughout the 1920s until the early 1960s, psychologist and self proclaimed genetic epistemol

52、ogist Jean Piaget, developed a cognitive theory in child psychology This work involves both experimental and observational methods By focusing on progressive behavior; biological and environmental variables could be easily integrated to account for cultural diversity.Developmental TheoriesIA theory

53、of development should reflect an attempt to relate behavioral change to chronological age; that is, diverse behavioral characterist:ics should be related to specific stages of growth The rules governing the transitions between these growth states also must be identified The dominant developmental th

54、eories are Freuds theory of personality development and Piagets theory of percep 廿on and cog nition. Both developementalists explai n huma n maturity in terms of in teractions of biological determina nts and en vironme ntal events JFreuds theory is based on the concept that a healthy personality req

55、uires the satisfaction of instinctual needs In Freudian psychology the personality is composed of the id, ego, and superegol4. The id is the source of instinctual drives The role of the ego is to cope with the demands of the id while remaining within the rules of society, which in turn are represent

56、ed by the superego The physical focus of instinctual needs changes with age or stages Infantsz for example, achieve maximum id satisfaction from sucking; this is called the oral stage Children progress through four stages, ending with adult sexuality. Freud clearly integrated biological and environm

57、entai variables in his theory.Piaget believed that from birth humans are active learners who do not require external incen廿ves. He proposed that cognitive development occurs in four stages Stage I, sensorimotor intelligence (birth-2 years), takes the child from unrelated reflexive movements to behavior that reflects knowledge of simple concepts Stage II, preoperational thought (2-7 years), is characterized by an in creasing use of abstract symbols as reflected in imaginative play. Stage III, concrete operatio nal thought (7-11 years