高三英语总复习精品课件：第10讲定语从句

1、第10讲定语从句 ZH ONB DIAN J IE Xl重点解祈定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。引导定语从句的关系词：关系代词： who, whom, whose, which, that, as 关系畐U 词: when, where, why先行词人物例句作主语who/thatwhich/thatShe is the girl who won the prize I like the book which was bought yesterday 作宾语who/whom/ thatwhich/thatIve found the book which I w

2、as lookin： for.She is the ladv whom I want to talk to.2作定语whosewhoseShe is the woman whose car was stolen He has a book whose cover is very beautiful.作状语;，时间whenPH never forget the day when I first mei you.t地点whereThis is the town where I was born.原因whyWe dont know the reason why he didn1 show up.t一

3、、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词的关系，可将定语从句分为限制性 定语从句和非限制性定语从句。一般说来，限制性定语从句是 整个句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略会影响全句的主要思想， 这种定语从句前面一般不用逗号；而非限制性定语从句则只是 主句的一种补充说明，即即使去掉，也不会影响全句的主要思 想，这种定语从句前通常有逗号隔开。如：IIThis is the book that you want这就是你要的那本书。（句中 的you want为限制性定语从句，如果去掉，意思就不清楚。）He bought me a book, which was very useful.他给我买了一

4、 本书，非常有用。佝中的which was very useful为非限制性定 语从句，如果去掉，句子意思仍是清楚的。）；非限制性定语从句有时形式上是从句，实质上其功用相当 于一个并列的分句。如：He said he had no money, which was not true.他说他没有 钱，这不是实话。（which相当于but it）Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party.后来他遇到 玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。（who相当于and she）My father may have to go into hospital, in which

5、 case ? he wont be going on holiday.我父亲可能需要住院，如果那样他就不 去度假了。(in which case 相当于 and in that case)二、关系词的选用1只能用that不用which作关系代词的情况(1) 当先彳亍词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little,none, one等不定代词时（something除外）。 当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时。(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。；(4)如果出现两个或

6、两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物 时。(5) 当先行词被 the only, the last, the very, the same 等修饰 时。(6) 在以疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句中，为 了避免重复只用thato(7) 当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能用that,也 可以省略。(8) 当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，关系代 词只能用that,也可以省略。2.指物只能用which不用that的情况(1) 在非限制性定语从句中。女口：St.Petersburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a

7、 very beautiful city圣彼得堡是一座非常美丽的城市，它曾被称作“列宁格 勒”。；(2) 在介词后面。如：This is the room in which we lived last year.这是我们去年住的那个屋子。3.指人时只能用who不用that的情况先行词为 one, ones, those, anyone, he 时。如I：Those who break the law must be punished 那些违反法律的人必须受到惩罚。4“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用 which （指物）或 whom （指人）,即

8、：介词 + which/whomo 如:Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help5.关系代词as和which的区别(1) which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的 从句可位于主句

9、前、中、后。如：David, as you know, is a photographer.戴维是个摄影师， 你是知道的。(不可用which)Li Ming is late, as is often the case.李明迟到了 ,这事是经 常发生的。(不可用which)(2) as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别 的系动词，但which不受此限制。如：Li Ming was late, which ( =and this) made Mu Zhang very angry.李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。(不可用as)（3）as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的

10、事，但which不受此限制。如：He married her, which was unexpected.他和她结婚了，这 是出乎意料的。（不可用as）（4）as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事，一 点）,可用 and this/that/it 来代替。（5）as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case（这是常有的 事）， as was expected （不 出所料），as often happens （正如经常发 生的那样），as is known to all （众所周 知），as has been said before （如上所述），as is mentioned above （正如上面所提到的）等。三、特殊句式1. as引导限制性定语从句常用句式(l)such+名词+ as.像一样的，像之类的We have found such materials as are used in their factory(2)the same +名词+ as和同样的He is not the same man as he was.2. 当先行词是way,意为“方式、方法”,在定语从句中 作状语时，引导词可以用that/in which/不填。女口：The way that/in