中考英语语法1：简单句的基本句型

1、专题一专题一 简单句的基本句型简单句的基本句型 第一部分第一部分 中考英语语法专题中考英语语法专题 由一个主语由一个主语(或并列主语或并列主语)和一个谓语和一个谓语 （或并列谓语）构成的句子（或并列谓语）构成的句子. Mary hates school. 句子成分：句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分句子成分： 1. 主语主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明主语表明 是是“什么人什么人” ， “ 什么事什么事”.通常由通常由名名 词词,代词代词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词来充当来充当. 1.Lucy likes her new bike

2、. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun. 主主谓谓宾宾定定状状补补表表 2.谓语谓语: 说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常。通常 由由动词动词充当充当. 1.They work very hard. 1.They work very hard. 2.Tom feels much better now. 2.Tom feels much better now. 注意：情态动词注意：情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单

3、独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语, 必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语. 动词常分为动词常分为实义动词实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词. 3.宾语宾语：动作行为的动作行为的对象对象，说明主语做什么。，说明主语做什么。 一一 般放在般放在及物动词或介词及物动词或介词后面后面.由由名词名词,代代 词词,数词数词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词构成构成. 1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday. 3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing bask

4、etball. 5. He gave me two books. 4. 表语表语： 跟在跟在连系动词连系动词后面的成分后面的成分,用来说明主语的用来说明主语的 身份身份,特征特征,状态状态. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe . 5 5. .定语定语: : 用来用来修饰修饰名词或代词的句子成分，由名词或代词的句子成分，由形容词形容词,形容形容 词性物主代词词性物主代词,名词名词,不定式不定式,介词短语不定代词介词短语不定代词等充等充 当当. 1、T

5、his is a red car. 2、The building is their teachingbuilding. 3、The woman doctor is my wife. 4、I have something to tell you. 5、The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 6、Every student has an English book. 7.状语状语: 说明动作或状态特征说明动作或状态特征，用来修饰用来修饰动词动词,形容词形容词 副词或整个句子副词或整个句子.副词副词,介词短语介词短语,动词不定式动词不定式 充当。充当。 You

6、are quite right. They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English. 8. 宾补：宾补：补充说明宾语补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有宾语和宾补之间有 逻辑上的主谓关系）逻辑上的主谓关系） 宾语宾语+ 宾补叫宾补叫复合宾语复合宾语，有以下几种类型，有以下几种类型： 1 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 不定式不定式 2 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 分分 词词 3 名词（代词）名词（代词）+ 名名 词词 4 名词名词 （代词）（代词）+ 形容词形容词 1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 ( S + Vi

7、. ) Our school lies in the center of Wuwei. 注：注：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 The car accident was happened yesterday. You will graduate from it next year. 2.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（宾语（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. What do you want to be in the future ? Each of you has a dream . 注：及物动词可用于被动语态注：及物动词可用于被动语

8、态 A great deal of water is used by people in that city. People use a great deal of water in that city.（主动语态主动语态） （被动语态被动语态） We saw him jump into the box. We saw them dancing. We saw him knocked down. 3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+Vt+O+OC) 注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。副词、介词短语、动

9、词不定式、分词。 常用形容词做宾补的动词有常用形容词做宾补的动词有：find, make, get , keep , like , see, leave（使 处于某种状态）,cut, paint, drive, beat, prove 常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有： call, name, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel 只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有： catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, excus

10、e 既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语 的动词有的动词有： see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, imagine, discover, 4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me. bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, send, show, teach, tell, writ

11、e, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save(留留) 常跟双宾语的动词：常跟双宾语的动词： Who can find me the eraser? Pass me the eraser. 5.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（表语（ S+Linking.V+P ），）， 说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。 You are students. We are in the classroom. We are good friends, arent we? 其其 它它 系动词系动词 感官：感官：smell

12、, feel, taste, sound, look - 变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow ，fall- 状态：状态：remain, stay, keep, lie,stand- 其他：其他：seem,prove,appear- 划分句子成分划分句子成分: 1. My sister is a nurse. 2. They are drinking. 3. They are drinking tea. 4. The old man walks in the park. 5. She passed him the salt. 6. We keep th

13、e table clean. _ S _ V _ P _ S _ V _ S _ V _ O _ S _ V _ S _ V _ IO _ DO _ S _ V _ O _ C 7. They work hard. 8. The flower is dead. 9. Plants need water. 10. He gives me some seeds. 11. We should keep the plants in the shade. 12. Many animals live in trees. _ S _ V _ S _ V _ P _ S _ V _ O _ S _ V _ I

14、O _ DO _ S _ V _ O _ C _ S _ V 1. The spring is coming. 2. In spring, the weather becomes warmer. 3. I have finished my homework. 4. Show me your books. 5. Keep them warm at night. S + V S + V + P S + V + O ( S + )V + IO + DO S + V + O+ C 汉译英：汉译英： 1) 鸟会在天空飞翔。鸟会在天空飞翔。 2) 他喜欢踢足球。他喜欢踢足球。 3) 我们非常激动。我们非常激动。 4) 他昨天给了我一本书。他昨天给了我一本书。 5)