莫言《蛙》和马克.吐温《卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙》的对比分析

1、 本 科 生 毕 业 论 文 年 份 2017 学 院 外国语学院 专 业 英语 年 级 2013级 题 目 莫言蛙和马克吐温 卡拉维拉县 驰名的跳蛙的对比分析 姓 名 赵明月 学 号 201308401325 指导教师 李方华 教 务 处 制A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE FROG AND THE CELEBRATED JUMPING FROG OF CALAVERAS COUNTYA THESISSUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES(ENGLISH MAJOR) YUNNAN MINZU UNIVERSIT

2、Y IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSFOR THE DEGREE OFBACHELOR OF ARTS BYZHAO MINGYUECLASS OF 2017STUDENT CODE: 201308401325SUPERVISED BYLIFANGHUAJUNE 19, 2017云南民族大学毕业论文(设计)原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业论文(设计)，是本人在指导教师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果。除论文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文没有抄袭、剽窃他人已经发表的研究成果。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 毕业论文(设计)作者签名： 日 期：

3、 年 月 日关于毕业论文(设计)使用授权的说明本人完全了解云南民族大学有关保留、使用毕业论文(设计)的规定，即：学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅，学校可以公布论文(设计)的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文(设计)。（保密论文在解密后应遵守）指导教师签名： 论文(设计)作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日 iiAcknowledgmentsThis thesis has taken me long time to turn it from conception to the final completion. It is a work of joint efforts

4、from many people. So I especially wish to acknowledge the following people. First of all, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to my supervisor Mr. Li, whose insightful guidance and enthusiastic encouragements in the course of my shaping this thesis definitely gained my deepest gratitud

5、e. My heartfelt thanks also go to for his instructive suggestions and expert advice on my topic. Secondly, I would like to thank my friends who gave me more ideas and inspiration. Last but not least, I am much indebted to my family who gave me the most emotional support. I love them.ivAbstractAs the

6、 major literary masters of the literary world, Mo Yan and Mark Twain and their works exerted a profound impact on Chinese and American literature. Mark Twain is “a mirror of the United States”. His creation began with his own familiarity, his life in his own familiar life, the local language of the

7、American peoples vivid native language, the native story of the American people, and the vivid representation of the native culture of the American people of that era. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County is one of its classic works. As Chines local writer, Mo Yans novel narrative, effect

8、ively put on the reality of Chinas dense thorns, and showed a life full of vitality and joy of the world. In his works, “Northeast Township of Gaomi” had become a clear and accurate microcosm of Chinese society, during which demonstrated a real and soul-stirring life world. The Frog depicts a more r

9、eal China.Although they both named “the frog”, the two works have a lot of similarities and differences. This thesis aims to study the differences and similarities between the two works, as well as the social reality exposed in the two works. These two works reflect the memorials of human life and t

10、he criticism of the times, which has a strong educational significance for the government and individuals.Key words: The Frog; The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County; similarities and differences; social realityvi摘 要作为文学界举足轻重的文学巨匠，莫言和马克吐温及其作品对中美文学产生了深远的影响。马克 吐温是“ 美国的一面镜子”。他的创作开始于自己熟悉的地方,着手于

11、自己熟悉的生活, 以美国人民生动幽默的本土语言, 讲述美国人民的本土故事, 活灵活现地展现出他那个时代美国人民的本土文化。卡拉维拉县驰名的跳蛙就是其经典作品之一。作为本土作家，莫言的小说叙事，有力地披开了现实中国致密的荆棘丛，为我们展示了一个充满生命活力和欢乐的世界。他笔下的“高密东北乡”，已然成为中国社会的一个清晰而又精确的缩影。蛙让我们看到一个更加真实的中国。虽然同样写蛙，但两部作品有很多的异同。本论文旨在研究两部作品得不同点和相似之处，以及两部作品中所揭露的社会现实。这两部作品所反映出的对人的生命的追思和对时政的批判，对当今政府乃至整个社会都有着深刻的教育意义。关键词：蛙；卡拉维拉县驰名

12、的跳蛙；异同；社会现实viiiContents云南民族大学毕业论文(设计)原创性声明iAcknowledgmentsiiAbstractiii摘 要iv1. Introduction11.1. Research Background11.2. Significance and Aims of the Study21.3. General Structure of the Thesis31.4. Literature Review31.4.1. Research Abroad41.4.2. Domestic Study42. The Authors and the Works62.1 Mo Ya

13、n and the Frog62.2. Mark Twain and The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County73. Differences between The Frog and The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County103.1. Different Symbolic Meanings103.1.1. Mo Yans The Frog103.1.2. Mark Twains The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County133.2 D

14、ifferent Writing Styles143.2.1. The Style of The Frog143.2.2 The Style of The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County153.3. Different Language Styles163.3.1 The Language Style of The Frog173.3.2 The Humorous Features in The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County184. Similarities between The

15、 Frog and The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County204.1 Frequently-used Idioms204.2 Direct Criticism on its System of its Time225. Conclusion25References26x1. IntroductionAs the one of most famous novels, The Frog is very worth to read. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County was rega

16、rded as Mark Twains famous work that brought him his renown. He aimed to reveal and expose the harsh reality and made his critical comments on the darkness of the society through a detailed depiction of the story. He criticized the reality from the aspect of the society, the citizens and the politic

17、s o the United States.1.1. Research BackgroundThe Nobel prize for literature in 2012 was awarded to the Chinese writer, Mo Yan, and the award words said that Mo Yan used magic realism integrating the folk tales, history and modern integration. The award made Mo Yan become the first Chinese writer to

18、 win the Nobel prize for literature in the local scholars. So “Mo Yan hot” springs up during the time. Mo Yan and his works are also beginning to be more concerned about the people. Mo Yan is one of the most dynamic contemporary writers in the 80s of last century. The narrative of the magic color, t

19、he carnival narrative aesthetics, as well as the personalized language and imagination, are affecting his works. Therefore, his appearance is considered to be a major event in the literary and art circles. The novel The Frog published in December 2009 is the 11th novel which brews for more than ten

20、years and creatively writes four years. As the most outstanding critical realist writer of the United States in the late 19th century, Mark Twains works have a great influence on American literature even world literature. His novels show pure American temperament and mark the birth and development o

21、f authentic American literature. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County published in November 18, 1865 which belongs to the early short stories of Mark Twain, is one of the representative works of American Frontier Literature. This work establishes the position of Mark Twain in the history

22、of American literature.1.2. Significance and Aims of the StudyMo Yans works are rooted in the ancient and profound civilization, with boundless and rich imagination. His writing is novel and unique which shows the broad cultural melting pot of Chinese experience in modern history of the tragedy and

23、war, as well as reflects an era life full of love, pain and unity. Mo Yan is one of the representative writers of contemporary Chinese literature. He describes the real situation of Chinese cities and rural areas with unique realistic techniques and rich imagination. His works are translated into ma

24、ny languages. Mo Yans works lead Asia to the better future. Therefore, he is not only the standard-bearer of contemporary Chinese literature, but also the banner of Asian and world literature. Mo Yan is a person with rich imagination and creativity and good at finding concrete language and plot to s

25、how the reference about their own history and reality. Even if it is a very small topic, he can turn it into a very great structure as long as Mo Yan has a unique view of this. Meanwhile, the language of the work is freely flowing.Mark Twain is the founder of American critical realism literature. Ma

26、rk Twain wrote a large number of works in his life, and the subject involved in various aspects, such as novels, plays, essays, poems and so on. From the content, his works criticize the irrational phenomenon or the ugliness of human nature and express a strong sense of justice and the concern for t

27、he ordinary people. In terms of style, both the experts and the general readers believe that humor and satire are characteristic of his writing. Because he has experienced the developing process from the beginning of American capitalism to imperialism, his idea and creation also showed from the joki

28、ng to the spicy irony and then pessimistic stage of development. The late language is more intense exposure. The Frog and The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County are the representative works of two authors. Although they both named “the frog”, the two works have a lot of similarities and dif

29、ferences. This thesis aims to study the differences and similarities between the two works, as well as the social reality exposed in the two works.1.3. General Structure of the ThesisThis thesis will be divided into five chapters. The first chapter provides a brief introduction to the study in terms

30、 of its background, significance and aim. It introduces literature review, include research abroad and domestic research. The second chapter is about the authors and their works. It introduces some information about Mo Yan and Mark Twain. The third chapter is the differences between The Frog and The

31、 Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. By analyzing the differences of the symbolic meaning of frog, writing style, language style about two works, it can be seen that the different literary works show the unique charm. The fourth chapter showed that similarities of two works, that the author

32、s use a large number of idioms.In addition, two works have the direct criticism on its system of its time. The last chapter is the conclusion of the whole thesis. 1.4. Literature ReviewThe novel the Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County is the fame of famous American writer Mark Twain. Zhu Gan

33、g evaluated this novel that “It is the first time that it more completely reflects Mark Twains technique of expression: the exaggerated characters, the rich western background, the real frontier dialect and the strong local color.” In addition, The Frog won the eighth Mao Dun prize in literature on

34、August 20, 2011. The comment is that The Frog describes the village doctor to reflect our nations great struggle against the survival of the difficulties and challenges. The novel presents the complex history and reality in a multi perspective, and expresses the thought of life ethics. The structure

35、 of the narrative and the multi text of the drama is the construction of a wide range of dialogue space, calm and free but humor, reflecting the authors strong narrative ability and persistent spirit of innovation. 1.4.1. Research AbroadM. Storey wrote an essay that Huck and Hank go to the circus:Ma

36、rk Twain under Barnums big top in 2011.This essay argues that Mark Twains acquaintance with P. T. Barnum, and more especially Twains fascination with the world of popular entertainment that Barnum epitomized, provided inspiration and material for some of Twains most enduring works. In particular, th

37、e essay argues that two of Twains most revered novels The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) and A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthurs Court (1889) are invested both thematically and generically in the complex cultural associations of the postbellum circus. Embodying the commercial capitalism of i

38、ndustrialized America whilst also offering a romantic liberation from everyday life, the circus becomes a condensation of many of the competing impulses of Twains life and work: between irreverent humor and sober social critique and between the desire for imaginative freedom and a recognition of fin

39、ancial imperatives.William Lyon Phelps published an article in the North American Review in 1907, which spoke highly of Mark Twain and his work. He thinks Mark Twain is a writer with real American traits: “Really, in my opinion, Mark Twain is the most important American writer of the present writers

40、. If you want to talk about who is the real genius in living writer and whose book flashes a holy fire of genius, it must be Mark Twain. He was a conscientious artist.” He thinks Mark Twains humor is a typical American humor, with the characteristics of asymmetry, exaggeration and anti tradition, wh

41、ich is characterized by the fact that the humor of Mark. “This humor is not the humor of Washington Owen, his imitation is Edison or Sacrament. Mark Twains humor does not pay attention to implication, but rather directly. It is very cordial, and sometimes expresses writers anger. ”1.4.2. Domestic St

42、udyCheng Cheng, the teacher of Northwest University, wrote a thesis A Hearty Narration The analysis of the creative motivation and the text of Frog by Mo Yan. By analyzing the creative motivation and the text of Frog by Mo Yan, the thesis firstly studies the writing characteristics of his previous w

43、orks and the collection of his sayings before the new novel so as to read the novel in a more rational point of view. Secondly, it goes over the story and text in order to trace back to the original creation point and explore the deeper meaning of Frog. In the essay Defamiliarization Effects in The

44、Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country, Tang Wenwan said Mark Twains The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country is a treasure among the worlds most humorous short stories. It not only vividly depicts the cultural characteristics in the western region of the United States, which was under

45、 developing at that time, but also embodies Mark Twains humorous writing style. In this thesis, the writer applied Victor Shklovskys theory of defamiliarization from the angle of plots, narrative structure and symbolic signcance to analyze Mark Twains humorous effects in The Celebrated Jumping Frog

46、of Calaveras Country. In Gao Leis essay The construction of the humor of The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country. Based on a close textual analysis of its plot design, characters, animal images and language expressions, this thesis discusses the humorous construction of the work, revealing

47、its charm and nature of humor. Some scholars believe that, in most of Mo Yans works, he is a civilian identity of the people to write, he is a folk spokesperson. In his works, there is a group of wild people, both men and women, both young and old. They are full of vigor, strong sense and fearlessne

48、ss, with the most primitive vitality. They are free and love their life in Shandong Gaomi Northeast Township. The expression of tragic age under the spirit of tragedy, “from the primitive vitality of life, high depth of excavation of human nature, Mo Yans creation keeps on the deep concern for life,

49、 but he always finds out the life theme of the national cultural psychology and the inquiry of recourse.”2. The Authors and the WorksBefore comparing two literary works, we must first have a certain understanding of writers and works. Knowing about the authors writing background and life experience

50、will help us to better understand the thoughts and feelings of the works.2.1 Mo Yan and the FrogMo Yans real name is Guan Moye. Mo Yan is his pen name. Mo Yan was granted an honorary PhD of Arts by OUHK (Open University of Hong Kong) and was appointed guest professor at Qingdao University of Technol

51、ogy. Since the middle of 1980s, relying on a series of country literary works, he has been raised as a “root seeking literature”. His works were strongly influenced by magical realism and told the tales of numerous legends which took place in Gaomi, Shandong Province. In his novels, Mo Yan has const

52、ructed the unique subjective feeling world, the powerful and unconstrained narration, the de-familiarization processing, mysticism and a pioneering style. Mo Yan was born on February 17, 1955 in Gaomi, Shandong Province. He attended primary school in his hometown and actually was forced to drop out

53、because of Chinas Cultural Revolution. He has been work for many years in the countryside. In 1981, he started his writing career and published several early works such as Dry River, Autumn Stream and Folk Music. In 1986, he graduated from the Department of Literature of the PLA Academy of Arts. In

54、1997, his full-length novel Big Breasts and Wide Hips won the Da Jia Literature Prize. He also wrote TV scripts for the department of film and television. In 2000, his novel Family Stories of Red Sorghum was selected by Asia Week and became one of the 100 best Chinese fictional works of the 20th cen

55、tury. The movie Red Sorghum, directed by Zhang Yimou, was adapted from this novel and won the 38th Berlin Film Festival Golden Bear Award. In 2001, Sandalwood Penalty was awarded with the prize of the Best Literary Book for Readers, granted by Taiwan United Daily News. This novel also won the Ding J

56、un Double Year Prize for Literature in 2003. In 2004, his novel Forty-one Cannons won the Outstanding Achievements in the second Mass Media Award for Chinese Literature. Subsequently, he was awarded honorary doctorate of literature in Hong Kong open university. His first chapter book Fatigue of Life

57、 and Death got the Fukuoka Asian Culture Award in 2006. In 2008, Fatigue of Life and Death won first prize at the second Dream of the Red Chamber Awards. In 2012, the Language and Cultural Press under Ministry of Education decided to add Mos novella A transparent carrot into the high school textbooks after wining the Nobe