核专业英语词汇

1、（一）核物理基本概念元素element能量energy粒子particle单位，机组 unit离子ion国际单位制 system international,分子moleculesi原子atom千克kilogram (kg)原子的atomic伏特volt (v)原子核nucleus (pl. nuclei)摩尔mole (mol)核的nuclear库仑coulomb质子proton电子伏特electron-volt (ev)中子neutron兆电子伏特mega electron-volt电子electron(mev)核子nucleon质量亏损mass defect化学性质chemical id

2、entity结合能binding energy带正电的positively charged动能kinetic energy带负电的negatively charged势能potential, potential不带电的unchargedenergy电中性的electrically neutral跃迁jump（元素）周期表periodic table核力nuclear force原子序数atomic number排斥repulsion质量数mass number吸引attraction轨道电子orbital electron轰击bombardment同位素isotope发射（出）emission

3、 (n.), emit (v.)天然存在的 naturally occurring能级energy level人工的artificial裂变fission化学键chemical bond聚变fusion化合物compound衰变decay上标superscript钡barium下标subscript硼boron氧oxygen铋bismuth氢，氕hydrogen铀uranium重氢，氘heavy hydrogen,钚plutoniumdeuterium钍thorium重氢核，氘核deuterion锂lithium超重氢，氚tritium钠sodium碳carbon核反应nuclear reac

4、tion氦helium链式反应chain reaction放射性的radioactive辐射，射线 radiation加权平均weighted mean超铀元素transuranium element质量mass可裂变的fissionable动量momentum易裂变的fissile碎片fragment静电的electrostatic宏观的macroscopic库仑力coulomb force微观的microscopic电磁辐射electromagnetic介观的mesoscopicradiation激发excite（二）放射性宇宙射线cosmic ray反比于be inversely电离io

5、nizationproportional to韧致辐射bremsstrahlung(braking根据经验as a rule of thumbradiation)a射线alpha ray辐射，射线 radiationp射线beta ray正比于be proportional to射线gamma ray带电粒子charged particle吸入inhale所photon动能kinetic energy散射scattering势能potential (energy)衍射diffraction量子quantum折射deflection屏敝shielding碰撞collision正电子positro

6、n铝aluminum加速器accelerator钺beryllium放射性radioactivity氨helium湮火annihilation相互作用interaction光电效应photoelectric effect摄入ingest(三)核反应衰减attenuation放大amplification镉cadmium钻cobalt氧oxygen氮nitrogen汞mercury弹性的elastic非弹性的inelastic宏观截面macroscopiccross靶恩barn反冲，反作用 recoil平均自由程mean free path转变，转化transmutation扩散diffusio

7、n扩散neutron diffusion斐克扩散定律 fick s law of diffusion通量flux中微子neutrino放射性同位素 radioisotopesection微 观截面microscopiccross半衰期half-life热核反应堆thermonuclear reactorsection化合价valence（四）核材料燃料fuel反应性reactivity燃料芯块fuel pellet升华sublime慢化剂moderator中子俘获截面neutron capture cross冷却剂coolantsection包壳cladding散射截面scattering c

8、ross控制棒control rodsection硼酸boric acid辐照损伤radiation damage铬chromium肿胀swelling铪hafnium燃耗burnup钆gadolinium合金alloy铟indium镁诺克斯合金 magnox镁magnesium锆合金zircaloy镍nickel金属间化合物inter-metallic锆zirconiumcompound硅silicon裂变产物fission product重水heavy water裂变碎片fission fragment石墨graphite腐蚀产物corrosion product碳化物carbide可燃毒

9、物burnable poison氧化物oxide冷轧cold pressing氧化oxidize烧结sintering二氧化物dioxide开裂crack二氧化碳carbon dioxide蠕变creep碳氢化合物 hydrocarbon增殖材料fertile material密度density增殖比breeding ratio热导率，传热系数thermal conductivity浓缩铀enriched uranium比热specific heat高温气冷堆high temperature粘性viscositygas-cooled reactor饱和saturation(htgr)热力性质，

10、热物性thermodynamic property（中子）通量展平flux-shaping（五）核反应堆理论自持的链式反应self-sustaining chainreaction燃料循环fuel cycle临界(a)critical次临界(a)subcritical超临界(a)supercritical临界(n)criticality临界尺寸critical size共振resonance弹性散射碰撞elastic scatteringcollision热中子利用系数 thermal utilization factor慢化 slow down热中子thermal neutron快中子fas

11、t neutron六氟化物hexafluoride六氟化铀uranium hexafluoride离心工艺centrifuge process气体扩散工艺gaseous diffusionprocess换料 (v) refuel快中子增殖反应堆，快堆fast breedingreactor (fbr)堆芯，活性区 core再生区blanket半透膜semi-permeablemembrane旋转spin ( 过去分词：spun)贫铀depleted uranium热中子反应堆，热堆 thermal reactor快堆fast reactor倍增系数 multiplication factor（

12、十）压水反应堆压水反应堆，压水堆pressurized water(asme)reactor (pwr)美国核学会american nuclear society蒸汽发生器steam generator(ans)一次侧primary side安全级safety class二次侧secondary side失效failure发电机electricalgenerator,安全功能safety functiongenerator裕度margin燃料芯块fuel pellet反应堆冷却剂系统reactor coolant包壳claddingsystem (rcs)堆芯core在役检查inservice

13、inspection给水泵feed(water) pump汽水分离器moisture separator反应堆（压力）容器reactor vessel,干燥器steam dryerpressure vessel堆内构件reactor internals硼酸boric acid反应堆冷却剂泵，主泵 reactor coolant化学补偿控制chemical shimpump (rcp), main pumpcontrol稳压器pressurizer堆坑reactor pit波动管surge line气密的airtight剖视图sectional view封头head控制棒control rod接

14、管，喷嘴nozzle控制棒组件control element点火区seedassembly (cea)再生区blanket控制棒驱动机构control element用户，业主，业界utilitydrive mechanism卖主，供应商vendor, supplier(cedm)制造商manufacturer控制棒导向管control rod guide多重屏障multiple barrierstube (crgt)纵深防御defense in depth上部支撑板upper support plate冗余性redundancy燃料组件fuel assembly多样性diversity进口接

15、管inlet nozzle独立性independence出口接管outlet nozzle包容contain堆芯吊篮core barrel美国机械工程师协会 american society of可燃吸收体burnable absorbermechanical engineer管侧tube side壳侧 shell side蒸汽管线steam line次冷去口齐 uprimary coolant主蒸汽 main steam反应性引入reactivityinsertion浓度 concentration参考负荷reference load冷却剂平均温度 coolant average tempe

16、rature稀释dilution裂变产物fission product积累buildup反应堆调节系统reactor regulatingsystem (rrs) (程序)整定值programmed value峰值线释热率peak linear heat rate轴向功率分布axial powerdistribution方位角 azimuthal(中子通量)方位角偏差 azimuthal tilt 偏离泡核沸腾departure fromnucleate boiling (dnb)偏离泡核沸腾比departure fromnucleate boiling ratio (dnbr)堆内测量系统i

17、n-core detectorsystem (icds) 自给能中子探测器 self-powered neutrondetector (spnd)信号调理signal conditioning反应堆紧急停堆reactor trip汽机脱扣turbine trip可靠性reliability规范，法规 code燃耗 burnup（十一）反应堆容器与堆内构件环锻件 ring-forging锻造forge锻件forging监视surveillance样品，试样 specimen安装mount奥氏体的 austenitic不锈钢stainless steel法兰flange热电偶thermocoupl

18、e零延性转变温度 nil-ductilitytransition temperature(t nd)注量率 fluence集成中子通量nvt=total integratedneutron flux =integrated flux = fluence = neutron density velocity time unit : n/m 3 m/s s= n/m 2 旁通，支路 bypass 磷 phosphorous 硫sulfur = sulphur焊weld临界值，限值 threshold (机)接合，啮合，对位 engage 凸缘，凸起部，轮毂 boss 逐渐变细的tapered圆顶d

19、ome围板shroud（十二）反应堆堆芯与燃料可燃吸收棒 burnable absorber rod栅格 lattice蠕变 creep中子源 neutron source阻力塞plug反应性价值reactivity worth比功率specific power睇antimony镉cadmium铜californium锢indium陶瓷（状）的 ceramic(机)间隙 clearance 污染 contaminate栅格架；电网；网格 grid 因科馍 inconel 固有安全性inherent safety非能动安全passive safety能动安全active safety套管,套筒

20、sleeve 定位格架spacer grid星形架，蜘蛛 spider 乏燃料 spent fuel（十三）压水堆冷却剂系统主要设备u 形管烝汽发u-tube steam generator额定负荷rated load核供汽系统nuclear steam supply化学和容积控制系统 chemical and volumesystem (nsss)control system (cvcs)一次系统primary system加热，升温heatup二次系统secondary system冷却，降温cooldown主烝汽main steam喷淋管线spray line汽轮机，透平机械 turbi

21、ne辅助喷淋管线auxiliary spray line给水与凝汽系统 feed and condensate上充呆charging pumpsystem上充charge热管段，热腿hot leg下泄letdown冷管段，冷腿cold leg水位water level, level堵管裕量tube plugging margin备用的backup在.情况t: in the event of过压保护overpressure换热器heat exchanger (hx)protection节热器，省煤器 economizer女全壳内换料水箱in-containment给水feedwaterrefue

22、ling water storage一次进口水室inlet plenumtank (irwst)一次进口接管primary inlet nozzle换料水箱refueling water storage一次出口水室outlet plenumtank (rwst)一次出口接管primary outlet nozzle安全阀safety valve管板tubesheet卸压阀relief valve喷放；（sg排污 blowdown全厂断电station blackout(sbo)上升段riser（蒸汽）干度quality下降段downcomer空泡份额void fraction满功率full p

23、ower (fp)热冲击thermal shock额定功率rated power急冷，骤冷quench（十四）压水堆系统与安全壳原动机prime mover始enthalpy嫡entropy反馈feedback热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics最终热阱ultimate sink一(次)回路 primary loop二(次)回路 secondary loop核电厂配套子项balance of plant (bop)一次压力边界primary pressureboundary隔离阀isolation valve失效failure故障fault, malfucti

24、on卡诺效率carnotefficiency热机效率engineefficiency高温热源，热库 hot reservoir低温热源cold reservoir摩擦friction余热排出系统residual heat-removalsystem (rhrs)换料(n)refueling应急堆芯冷却系统emergency corecooling system (eccs)system止回阀non-return valve蓄压箱accumulator电动阀motor-driven valve气动阀pneumatic valve安注泵safety injection pump壳containme

25、nt钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力钢筋混凝土 prestressedreinforced concrete英制压力单位psi = pounds per squareinch英制压力单位(表压)psig = pounds persquare inch gauge环形的annular潜热latent heat显热sensible heat氢氧化物hydroxide氢氧化钠sodium hydroxide苛性钠，氢氧化钠 caustic启动startup飞射物，导弹 missile蒸汽管线steamline壳地坑 containment sump（十五）蒸汽轮机飞轮flywh

26、eel叶片，叶栅 blade, bucket, vane功work冲动式汽轮机impulse turbine反动式汽轮机reaction turbine冲动级impulse stage反动级reaction stage反动度degree of reaction渐缩的converging渐扩的diverging喷嘴，接管 nozzle被称为be referred to as缸体，箱体 casing推力thrust拉金lashing除湿moistureremoval节流阀stop-throttle valve扭矩torque每秒转 rev/s = revolutions per second每分钟

27、 转 rpm = revolutions per minute热机fission fragmentlight water reactor (lwr) thermal engine补水与排水 feed and bleed专设安全设施engineered safetyfeature (esf)设备冷却水系统 component cooling裂变碎片轻水反应堆（十六）主蒸汽、给水与凝汽系统汽轮发电机turbine generatorpressure differential,汽动给水泵turbine drivenpressure differencefeedwater pump增压泵booster

28、 pump蒸汽排放steam dump增压boost pressure汽水分离再热器moisture seperator吸入口suctionreheater (msr)凝汽器condenser密封蒸汽系统gland steam system凝汽器热阱condenser hotwell限流器flow restrictor给水流量调节阀 feed regulating valve主蒸汽隔离阀 main steam isolation给水调节旁通阀 feed regulating bypassvalvevalve机组unit疏水drain负荷load阶跃变化step change主蒸汽集管main

29、steam header线性（斜坡）变化ramp change给水联箱feedwater header溢流阀overflow valve给水回热循环regenerative feed工艺汽process steamheating cycle紧急停堆trip; scram磨损wear停堆shutdown污垢，结垢fouling停堆，停堆期outrage装量inventory手动地manually蒸汽（旁路）排放steam dump自动地automatically冷凝器排放condenser steam dump质量流率mass flow rate大气排放atmospheric steam dum

30、p关断阀shutoff valve除氧器排放deoxidizer steam dump（美国）联邦管理法规 cfr = code of电缆electric cablefederal regulations辅助给水系统auxiliary feedwater凝结液condensatesystem水头，压头head压差differentialpressure,汽机脱扣（甩负荷） turbine trip（十七）核电厂运行工艺热process heat公用电网 utility grid基础负荷运行base load operation退役的 out of service运行因子operation fa

31、ctor负荷因子load factor使用因子，运行因子service factor可利用因子availability技术规范technical specification稳压器汽空间建立 draw a pressure steambubble未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变anticipatedtransient without scram (atws)未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变anticipatedtransient without trip(atwt)失电loss of power失流loss of flow辅助喷淋auxiliary spray采样 sampling(美国)核管会 nuclear regulatorycommission (nrc)负荷跟踪 load following（十八）辐射危害与屏蔽屏蔽shieldingachievable (alara)核辐射nuclear radiation希弗sivert发射，发出 emit急性的acute剂量dose慢性的delayed剂量率dose rate辐射病radiation sickness保健物理health physics吸入inhalation天然本底辐射natural background摄入ingestionradiation食物链food