中考英语专项练习之复合句 1 (宾语从句,定语从句)

1、中考英语专项练习之复合句(-) 初中阶段常见的复合句包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。一、宾语从句 在复合句中作宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。引导词作宾语从句的句子 引导词陈述句: that +主+谓+宾一般疑问句: if / whether+主+谓+宾sam asked me, “do you often ride a bike?sam asked me if i often rode a bike. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+主+谓+宾: he asked his teacher how he could play the violin well.i dont know what i should

2、 do with the letter.简单句:疑问词+to do： 宾语从句的时态: 主句一般现在时,从句可以根据需要的任意时态. 主句一般过去时,从句是过去时. 主句一般过去时, 客观真理,自然现象用一般现在时.【练习导航】. 单项选择( )1. he asked which film they _ about. a. will talk b. are going to talk c. was going to talk d. were talking( )2. do you know _ bike this is?a. that b. who c. why d. whose( )3. p

3、olly said no news _ good news. a. was b. were c. is d. are ( )4. we didnt know _ she was ready or not. a. when b. that c. whether d. what( )5. what did your pe teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting? he said that i _ better.a. can do b. am c. will do d. could do( )6. i want to know w

4、hen _ have a field trip.well have it when all the work _.a. you are; will finish b. you will; finishes c. you will; is finished d. you; finish ( )7. could you tell me when _?at 10:25, in ten minutes. a. the bus will leave b. will the bus leavec. the bus has left d. had the bus left ( )8. do you know

5、 _ hell arrive here at 9:00 this morning?im afraid hell be late.a. that b. how c. why d. whether( )9. could you tell me _?she is a student in eton school.a. where kate is studying b. how kate was studying c. why kate was studying d. when kate studied( )10. do you know _ going to stay in london?no, i

6、 dont. maybe a few days. a. when he is b. how long he is c. when is he d. how long is he . 句型转换11. he asked his teacher how he could play the violin well. (改为简单句)he asked his teacher _ _ _ _ _ _.12. sam asked me, “do you often ride a bike?” (改为复合句)sam asked me _ _ _ _ _ _.13. i dont know what i shou

7、ld do with the letter. (改为简单句)i dont know what _ _ with the letter. 14. “does light travel faster than sound?” tom asked. (改为复合句)tom asked _ _ _ _ _ _.15. she doesnt know how she gets to the bank. (改为简单句)she doesnt know how _ _ _ _ _. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。16. i dont think the watch will _ (mend) well in

8、2 days. 17. she said that the sun _ (be) brighter than the moon. 18. i will take back what i _ (say).19. i wanted to know if he _ (can) mend the car. 20. she said that she _ (go) fishing last sunday. 21. she told me that they _ (talk) about a new book at this time yesterday. 22. im sure everything _

9、 (go) well. 23. i hope that i _ (visit) beijing soon. 24. i hear that tom _ (be) here for a week. 25. tom told his boss that he _ (finish) the work well if he _ (give) another chance. 二、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，并充当其定语的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句常放在先行词的后面，由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词when,

10、where, why等引导。定语从句的谓语动词的人称变化与先行词有关。（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who/that/whom指人，在从句中做主语/宾语the people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) mr. liu is the person (who/whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。3. which/that指

11、物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which/ that is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) this is the pen (which/that) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语“谁的”。 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(3)t

12、he classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.（二）、关系副词引导定语从句在剧中做状语。 关系副词 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。 (1) shanghai is the city where i was born. shanghai is the city in which i wa

13、s born. (2) the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down. the house in which i lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) i still remember the day when i first came to the school. (2) the time when we got together finally came.注表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用

14、when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 i still remember the first time i met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。 3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 特别注意关系词在从句中做什么成分，或者说从句缺少什么成分。1. i will never forget the days_we work together.2. i will never forget the days_we spent together. ( spe

15、nd time )3. i went to the place_ i worked ten years ago. 4. i went to the place_ i visited ten years ago. 5. i went to the place in _ i lived ten years ago. 6. this is the reason _he was late.7. this is the reason _he gave.8. this is the school _he studied at 20 years ago.9. this is the school _he s

16、tudied 20 years ago.注意:关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that.例如: he was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商

17、店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用tha.例如: this is the same bike that i lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that.例如: i can remember well the persons and some pictures that i saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复.例如: who is the

18、 girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that.例如: there is a book on the desk that belongs to tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: this is the room in

19、which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 【练习导航】. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 这就是那个帮助过我的人。this is the man _ _ me.2. 你在寻找的医生在房间里。 the doctor _ you are looking for _ in the room.3. 你认识那个名叫李萍的女士吗？do you know the lady _ name _ li ping?4. 我收到的那

20、封信是我父亲写来的。 the letter _ i received _ from my father. 5. 你还有什么要说的吗？is there anything _ you _ to say?6. 你还记得我们几天前拜访过的那个人吗？do you still remember the man _ _ _ a few days ago? 7. 那个在事故中断了左臂的工人被送进了医院。the worker _ left arm _ _ in the accident was sent to hospital.8. 这就是我出生的地方。this is _ _ _ i was born. 9.

21、这是我看过的最好的小说。 this is _ _ _ _ i have read.10. 这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。this is your second time _ _ _ us the story. 单项选择( )11. the boy _ helped me yesterday is playing soccer with his friends.a. whom b. who c. which d. whose( )12. the music _ the u2 band played was very popular. a. which b. who c. whom d. whose( )13. the girl _ skirt is red is toms sister. a. who b. whom c. whose d. that ( )14. this is the best way _ can help us earn lots of money.a. which b. who c. that d. when ( )15. anyone _ breaks the rules must be punished.a. whom b. whose c. which d. who( )