糖的中学化学双语教学(省常中-房寿高)汇编

1、 Carbohydrates 糖类糖类 江苏省常州高级中学江苏省常州高级中学 房寿高房寿高 Question: Are all the carbohydrates sweet? The sweet substance belongs to carbohydrate ? Starch(淀粉淀粉）、）、cellulose seljulus （纤维素纤维素）etc. are not sweet,but they belong to carbohydrates. and the sweet substances are not always the carbohydrates,such as sacc

2、harin（糖精）（糖精） 1. What is the carbohydrate? A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water). in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Just for this reason ,it is called carbohydrate (碳

3、水化合物碳水化合物）. Some exceptions exist,for example, deoxyribose di:,ksiraibus（脱氧核糖） , a component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4.) At the same time , a component of acetic acid has the formula C2H4O2 C2(H2O)2,but it does not belong to carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are not technically hydrates of

4、 carbon. Structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy plihaidrksi aldehydes or ketoneski:tunz （多羟基醛或 酮）or hydrolyzed（水解水解） to produce them. 2. Classification of carbohydrate 单糖：单糖：monosaccharide ,mnuskraid (Can not be hydrolyzed) C6H12O6: glucose(葡萄糖）(blood sugar) or dextrose ; fruct

5、ose(果糖）or levulose; Galactose(lktus 半乳糖） 二糖：二糖：disaccharide C12H22O11： sucrose（蔗糖）(table sugar)， maltose m:ltus （麦芽糖）,lactose（乳糖） （milk sugar) 多糖：多糖：polysaccharide ,pliskraid （C6H10O5)n: starch (淀粉），淀粉），cellulose(纤维素）纤维素） 3. Chemical properties Carbohydrates containing CHO can undergo silver mirror

6、reactions (all the aldehyde（醛醛）;葡萄糖；麦芽糖等） 2) reacting with the new-made Cu(OH)2 suspension Phenomena:Brick red deposit (dipzit ) 砖红色沉淀砖红色沉淀 3) Hydrolysis haidrlisis reaction(水解反应水解反应） of disaccharide and polysaccharide Sucrose glucosefructose maltose starch Question： How to testify the starch hydrolysis product containing glucose? Hot-water ba