陪同口译中的精力分配问题——以贺兰山东麓葡萄酒展馆讲解口译为例

1、摘 要随着全球一体化进程的不断推进，中国与全世界各国在经济，政治与文化方面的交流日益频繁。在交流的过程中，口译译员无疑发挥着其重要的作用，搭建了国内外交流的桥梁。但受诸多主客观因素影响，翻译质量也会随之有差异。本文是一篇汉英口译实践报告。在吉尔的精力分配模式的指导下，基于贺兰山东麓葡萄酒展馆的翻译过程，介绍了本次陪同口译任务的过程，分析总结了陪同口译中的问题和难点。报告的主要内容包括任务描述、理论支撑、案例分析和结论四个部分。基于笔者在此次翻译任务中遇到的三个方面的问题：翻译过程中在听力，笔记以及记忆训练等方面的精力分配不均的问题，并结合相关案例进行分析，探讨这些难点的解决方法、翻译技巧，其理

2、论支撑是吉尔的精力分配模式，通过压力调节，注意力分配和记忆力训练的方式来应对在口译过程中出现的精力分配不均导致译出效率不高的问题。通过本文的撰写以及对此次翻译活动的反思，以求今后处理类似的陪同口译任务的能力有所提高，并能够为有需要的译员提供借鉴。 关键词：陪同口译，吉尔精力分配模式, 精力分配AbstractAs the obvious enhancement of global integration, the connection between China and other countries all over the world have become more frequent i

3、n economic, political, and cultural exchanges. In the process of communication, interpreters have played a paramount role with no doubt, building a bridge for communication at home and abroad. However, due to many subjective and objective factors, the quality of translation will also vary.This repor

4、t is a practical report of C-E interpretation. Under the guidance of Giles Effort Model, this report is based on the translation process of wine exhibition in the eastern piedmont of Helan mountains. In addition, it gives an introduction to the interpreting task and an analysis of the difficulties e

5、ncountered during the practice.The report consists of four parts: introduction to the interpreting task, literature review, case analysis and conclusion. Based on the difficulties which were mainly encountered during the process of this interpreting practice: the problems of effort allocation imbala

6、nce in the aspect of listening, note-taking and memory training. The author makes an analysis based on the related cases and does some research of Giles Effort Model to find the techniques which can be used during the process of the interpreting. Through the writing of this report and the reflection

7、 on this translation activity, the author hope that it can provide reference for the interpreters and researchers in need.Key words: escort Interpreting, Giles Effort Model, effort allocationContents摘 要iAbstractiiChapter 1 Task Description11.1 Task Introduction11.2 Task Process31.2.1 Pre-interpretin

8、g Preparation41.2.2 While-interpreting51.2.3 Post-interpreting6Chapter 2 Literature Review82.1 An Overview of Giles Effort Model92.1.1 Overseas research on Giles Effort Model.102.1.2 Domestic research on Giles Effort Model.112.2 Guidance of Giles Effort Model .12Chapter 3 Case Analysis133.1 Problems

9、 Analysis Based on Glies Effort Model133.1.1 Inappropriate Allocation of Efforts in Listening133.1.2 Inappropriate Allocation of Efforts in Note-taking153.1.3 Inappropriate Allocation of Efforts in Memory183.2 Coping Strategies Based on Giles Effort Model203.2.1 Management of Psychological Pressure2

10、03.2.2 Allocation of Attention213.2.3 Memory Training21Chapter 4 Conclusion23Reference24Appendix26Acknowledgement39About the Author4039Chapter 1 Task DescriptionWith the advantage of the geographical condition, the wine in the eastern piedmont of Helan mountains is paid much attention by lots of exp

11、erts and scholars around the world. And the scholars and the managers of the wineries share the experience of the wine-making and fermentation technology there. In such activities, interpreters are essential for the communication between the winery and foreign visitors. The author was participated a

12、s an interpreter at the wine exhibition in the eastern piedmont of Helan mountains on September 27th, 2019. In this report, the author explored the most salient problems that happened during the process of interpreting. Many problems in listening, note-taking and memory are caused by the effort allo

13、cation imbalance. For example, there is some problem for the author to concentrate on the different speakers and focus on the details of information at the same time. As a result, the author has guaranteed the quality of interpreting and made the expression logical, but the imbalanced effort of the

14、author has influenced the final performance to some extent. To solve these problems, the author made analysis and found some coping strategies in this report. The research background is based on the interpretation between foreign experts, scholars and Chinese managers of the wineries. The task of th

15、e author is to make the dialogue clear to both sides, and help the communication to conduct successfully.1.1 Task IntroductionThe Wine Exhibition in the Eastern Piedmont of Helan mountains is an important platform for the communication between Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and foreign countries. Bec

16、ause of the special geographical condition, the wine regions in eastern piedmont of Helan mountains enjoy great popularity in the world. Therefore, more than 30 foreign experts and senior executives took part in this activity.As one of the most important wine producing area in our country, the wine

17、in the eastern piedmont of Helan mountains contributes a lot to the local regional economy. The activity took place on September 27th, 2019. The author participated in this tour and performed as a guide interpreter for more than 30 foreign experts and senior executives from different countries. The

18、main responsibility of the author is to help the communication between foreign experts and Chinese wine producers go on smoothly.During the process of this activity, the author needed to complete the interpreting which involved multitasking process from listening and analysis of the source language

19、information, to the delivery in the target language promptly. As a result, the author encountered some difficulties which were mainly caused by the imbalanced effort allocation. As for this, the author found out that Giles Effort Model proposed to allocate the effort properly based on the personal a

20、bility. In addition, this theory emphasize that the effort should be equal to or larger than the requirements of the task. Thus, this report targets at analyzing and reflecting on escort interpreting from the perspective of Giles Effort Model. According to Giles Effort Model, the effort should be ba

21、lanced during the process of interpreting.1.2 Task ProcessBefore the interpreting practice, the author completed her glossary of terms when the documents were provided by the organizer. For this activity, the author collected a lot of materials about the winery and the wine exhibition in the eastern

22、 piedmont of Helan mountains. However, the author encountered many difficulties during the process of the interpreting, especially in the aspect of effort allocation. Its hard to coordinate the interpreting process. By reviewing the practice recording, the author found out the problems and then prop

23、osed coping strategies based on the Giles Effort Model.1.2.1 Pre-interpreting PreparationThe careful and comprehensive pre-interpreting preparation is a crucial factor. The more sufficient materials the author prepares, the fewer mistakes would she make. Therefore, the author checked a lot of refere

24、nces before the activity. The author was given a list of special terms by the sponsors in advance. In order to make the process of interpretation go on smoothly, the author made considerable preparations. First of all, the author collected a lot of background information of the wine exhibition in th

25、e eastern piedmont of Helan mountain. With the help of the staff and internet, the author learned about the developing history and flagship products of the wine exhibition in the eastern piedmont of Helan mountains. In addition, the products have made a great contribution to the Ningxias economy and

26、 became a pillar industry. There were a great amount of related economic data need to be selected and collected. Second, the author completed the glossary of the terms which were based on the documents provided by the organizers. To have a precise understanding of the professional background of this

27、 activity, the author read many professional books and searched on the Internet for the specialized words. For example, “the Helan Red”, “the Grand Cru Classe Chateaus” and “the Decanter” were all the specialized words which were typically used in the wine industry. The author not only needs to know

28、 the words but also needs to master the related information of these words.Third, the author had to have a full preparation on the aspect of psychology. Its very important to have the ability to constantly update the knowledge and it was also a necessity for the professional interpreters. Sometimes,

29、 the most serious problems are not caused by the ability or techniques but by pressure. In addition, meditation is the best way to relieve stress which can be helpful to the concentration.1.2.2 While-interpretingThe author encountered some difficulties in the course of interpreting practice. On the

30、one hand, the interpreting practice involved products introduction, wine industries distribution and historical culture. The author acted as a communicator rather than a mechanical massage delivery. On the other hand, there were too many factors needed to be considered, the effort couldnt be balance

31、d well during the process of interpreting. If the source language is interpreters mother language or from their familiar fields, it may take less listening and analyzing effort. However, if the source language contains too much complex information, the short-term memory effort is necessary. For exam

32、ple, in a speech with faster delivering speed and more intensive information, the interpreter is required to process more information in a short time. As to the author, when she needs to distribute more energy into the interpretation, less effort will be paid to listening and analyzing. Though the f

33、oreign visitors were satisfied with the authors performance, she still encountered some difficulties during the process of interpreting. There were obstacles in the aspect of listening, note-taking and memory. The author split most of her attentions to memorize and analyze the source language throug

34、h the strong professional background of the training, but it also increased the pressure in production. Its hard for the author to allocate the effort efficiently during the process of interpreting, especially when the author do the figure-interpreting. Its quite difficult to remember the long numbe

35、rs and output the exact number at the same time. For example, “全区葡萄种植面积达到57万亩占全国种植面积的1/4，是我国酿酒葡萄最大的产区，建成酒庄86个，年产葡萄酒1.2亿瓶，综合产值超过200亿元，葡萄酒已成为宁夏独具特色的“紫色名片”。2017年，宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄酒品牌价值达271.44亿元 ，位列中国地理标志产品区域品牌榜第14名”, this sentence has too many different numbers in the different aspects. The author found it dif

36、ficult to memorize all these numbers accurately. When the author paused for some seconds, the expressions of the foreign visitors showed that they were puzzled. As an interpreter, the author needs to maintain sensitive accuracy with numbers, which are the paramount information for both foreign visit

37、ors and the wine producers. In addition, the author also found that it was difficult to take down all the information immediately. As a result, during the activity, several logic words and key words were missed by the author. Although the author allocated so much effort on the note-taking, the notes

38、 still failed to activate her memory to the utmost extent. For example, “北至石嘴山，南至红寺堡。中间是银川市，然后是永宁县，青铜峡，红寺堡区”, as it showed that there were many names of places in this sentence. And finally the author failed to write down all the names immediately. As a result, all these problems can influence the p

39、roduction.1.2.3 Post-interpretingAfter reviewing the transcript of the recording, the author found out the problems in three aspects. The effort allocation is imbalanced in the aspect of listening, note-taking and memory. First of all, the listening comprehension was based on the authors mental proc

40、essing procedure and it could be easier if the environment was not complex. Although the author had made a list of glossary in the process of pre-interpreting preparation, the author still found it difficult in the understanding of some vocabularies and ideas. Besides, most of the speeches were not

41、well logically ordered, the author needed to reorganize the sentence before interpreting. It wasted a lot of effort which can be allocated in the aspect of note-taking. The speakers talked in a random turn during this informal occasion, and the author had to pay attention to each participant. And th

42、e author failed to be concentrated on one or two speakers words. It could be easier for the author to concentrate if the speakers were settled in a fixed turn. Second, in the process of practice, the author also found some problems in the aspect of note-taking. The speed of note-taking of the author

43、 was not fast enough, which had wasted a lot of time and it also caused the information missing. During the process of the interpretation, its very important for the author to conduct systematic and complete notes. Though, as a proficient interpreter, the author has her own measures to take notes, a

44、nd the note-taking turned out to be efficient with some fixed symbols and abbreviation, the effort allocation has not been distributed properly. And there were also problems for the author to take down all the necessary information for several times. Third, the author also found that there were some

45、 problems in the aspect of memory. Short-time memory is very important for a professional interpreter. Remembering the contents logically and in a right order can be a great help for interpreters. The author tried to remember all the information, but there were several times that she even forgot som

46、e main ideas. In the early technical interpreting training, short-time memory is very important for interpreters. How to integrate all the information and master the main ideas are the core factors which can influence the quality of interpreting. During the interpreting process, as the allocation co

47、uld not be distributed properly, it was a burden for the author when some participants keep on talking simultaneously. In a word, the imbalanced effort allocation in listening, note-taking and memory triggered the necessary training requirements in the daily training. As the effort allocation was th

48、e prominent factor during this interpreting practice, the author will continue to analyze and solve these problems under the guidance of Giles Effort Model.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewGiles Effort Model is widely used in interpreting practice. Discussing the application of its effort distribution mod

49、el in simultaneous interpretation is not only another test of the practicality of the theory, but also a reflection on the practice of this simultaneous interpretation. In addition, it can also enrich its theoretical connotation and practice exploration. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the rel

50、evant concepts of Giles Effort Model in the simultaneous interpretation.2.1 An Overview of Giles Effort ModelIn 1995, Daniel Gile first put forward the concept of The Efforts Model which was published in his book Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. This theory has defi

51、nitely played a vital role in interpreting practice. There is no doubt that interpreting is a process of decoding source language and it belongs to a multitask (Gile, 1995:159). The difficulties not only lie in complex speech which may contains sophisticated terms or information, but also exists in

52、the field of slow-speed speech in which the interpreters cant figure out the obvious barriers. In addition, this kind of problem is confronted by the freshman and also the experienced interpreters. On account of these problems during interpretation, Gile then put forward the concept of The Effort Mo

53、del.The Effort Model is come into being from two aspects. The first is that interpretation needs some kind of mental “energy” which can be provided in limited supply. And another aspect is that the interpretation take advantage of almost all of this mental energy so that there is no more for other c

54、ircumstances (Gile, 1995:163). The model is based on the association between the deterioration of the interpreters performance and some overload of ones mental processing capacity. He believes that interpretation can be modeled as these four aspects: listening and note-taking effort, a speech produc

55、tion effort and a short-term memory effort (1995:166). As only listening effort, note-taking effort and memory effort are applied in this report, herein the author will only clarify these three methods as the following.Gile first defined Listening Effort as “it analyze the sound waves together with

56、the source language speech, and then the processed words reach the interpreters ears”. During this process, the interpreter also needs to conduct words recognition, plausibility analyses and maybe some specific anticipation.The Memory Effort indicates to the short-term memory that happened during in

57、terpreting, which consists of the storage of information for later use (Kriston, 2012:80). Gile put forward that the information needed to be worded has to be kept in memory during the period that the interpreter produces speech, which means that the interpreter needs to select the proper word and s

58、entences to produce his target language. And during this time, an exact short-memory is significant for one to conduct the following procedures (Gile, 1995:164). As the memory of a person is limited, thus note-taking can work out at this time. During the note-taking process, a fixed symbol which can

59、 take place of long words or sentences is necessary. As for this, an interpreter can always have his own method or habits to finish the note-taking process.2.1.1 Overseas Research on Giles Effort ModelThe experts and scholars both at home and overseas have made many studies in the field of interpreting, in which it is