中考指导：英语说明文（科普、文化）类完形填空(附有模拟练习)

1、中考英语说明文（科普、文化）类完形填空(附有模拟练习)第一部分：说明文类完形填空的命题特点分析及解题技巧点拨说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。说明文类完形填空最显著的特点是：1、开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。2、结构清晰。 说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。3、难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。

2、在做说明类的完形填空时，要注意以下三点： 首先，了解结构模式，理清主旨大意。对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以刚开始的时候，只要能够掌握文章的大意就可以了。 其次，弄清内部构成，理解事实细节。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深

3、层次的理解。 最后，掌握做题方法，遵循四个原则。1、上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。2、语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。3、合情合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合情的。4、符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要逐个记住，才能做好此类题目。如：Its a good habit to say “Thank you” when others help you or say something kind to you. You should say “Thank you” whe

4、n someone 26 you the salt on the table, when someone says you do your work well, or you buy a nice thing, or your city is very 27 . “Thank you” is used not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and 28 , husbands and wives.（08年四川攀枝花中考）26. A. takes B. passes C. sells D.

5、 makes27. A. beautiful B. bad C. small D. hot28. A. classmates B. teachers C. sisters D. cousins本文开头点题，是关于 “Thank you”这个话题的，然后说明Thank you 用的情景和氛围。在选择时要围绕这个话题展开。26.B.在此设置了四个情景，根据“合情合理”原则，只有在别人递给你盐这种情景下，才应该说Thank you。27.A 同样四个情景，也是根据“合情合理”的原则，选A。28.C 根据“上下一致”原则。这是并列列举。第二部分：真题解析AIn some science fiction

6、 movies, the robots are just like humans. They help with the housework and do the most 1 jobs.Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future. 2 , they agree it may 3 hundreds of years. Scientists are now trying to make robots 4 people and do the same things as us. But robot sci

7、entist James White 5 . He thinks that it will be 6 for a robot to do the same things as a person. 7 , its easy for a child to wake up and know where they are. Mr. White thinks that robots wont be able to do this. But other scientists disagree. They think that robots will be able to talk to people 8

8、25 to 50 years.Robot scientists are not just trying to make robots look like people. For example, there are already robots 9 in factories. They do simple jobs over and over again. People would not like to do such jobs and would get bored. But robots will 10 get bored.In the future, there will be mor

9、e robots everywhere, and humans will have 11 work to do. New robots will have many different 12 . Some will look like humans, and 13 might look like snakes. After an earthquake , a snake robot could help look for people under buildings. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets an

10、d even electric toothbrushes 14 impossible a hundred years ago. We never know 15 will happen in the future!（2008湖北恩施）( ) 1. A. interesting B. unpleasant C. pleasant D. popular( ) 2. A. But B. So C. However D. While( ) 3. A. use B. spend C. pay D. take( ) 4. A. look like B. look at C. look for D. loo

11、k up( ) 5. A. agrees B. disagrees C. likes D. dislikes ( ) 6. A. easy B. difficult C. important D. possible( ) 7. A. For example B. Instead C. Such as D. Besides( ) 8. A. after B. for C. over D. in ( ) 9. A. worked B. work C. working D. to work( ) 10. A. always B. easily C. never D. often ( ) 11. A.

12、 more B. less C. fewer D. little ( ) 12. A. shapes B. colors C. sizes D. actions ( ) 13. A. the other B. other C. the others D. others ( ) 14. A. seem B. seemed C. got D. look( ) 15. A. that B. how C. what D. when 这是一篇关于机器人的科普类文章，主要让学生了解科普知识，陶冶学生学科学、爱科学、用科学的情操，进而培养学生的创新意识。1、B本题考查形容词的用法。根据实际情况，应该选unp

13、leasant。2、C本题考查连词的用法。however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，用逗号隔开。3、C本题考查动词辨析。本句的主语是it，故用take。4、A本题考查动词词组的辨析。根据上下文，可知选look like。5、B本题考查动词的用法。根据上下一致原则选择。6、B本题考查形容词的用法。联系上下文，可知。7、A本题考查副词的用法。用来举例说明某一论点或情况,作插入语用for exmaple。8、D本题考查介词的用法。“in+一段时间”用于一般将来时。9、C本题考查动名词的用法。动名词用作伴随状语。10、C本题考查副词的用词。根据but,选never.11、C本题考查形容词比较等

14、级的用法。work不可数，用little的比较级less修饰。12、A本题考查名词的用法。根据下文选shapes。13、D本题考查代词的用法。someothers，“一些，另一些”。14、B本题考查时态。出现a hundred years ago, 用一般过去时。15、C本题考查宾语从句的引导词。联系上文可知。BIts said that many years ago clothes were made of animal skins. People started to wear clothes 1 they could keep themselves safe from the sun,

15、wind, rain and cold.Today, we can use 2 materials to make different kinds of clothes. But clothes do 3 than keep us warm in modern society, and they can also 4 about our culture, our life, our jobs, our hobbies and even our mood. 5 , when we see a man in a uniform, we know his 6 from the uniform. Wh

16、en we see a woman in a kimono（日本和服）, we may think that she is 7 . If a man always wears sportswear, we may think he is 8 and likes doing exercise. If a person 9 wears yellow or red clothes, maybe he or she is lively and easy-going. As the saying goes, “You are what you 10 .”（2008资阳中考）( )1. A. as if

17、B. so that C. even if D. although( )2. A. different B. expensive C. strange D. perfect( )3. A. better B. worse C. farther D. more( )4. A. tell B. ask C. bring D. find( )5. A. Whats more B. For example C. However D. In a word( )6. A. hobby B. idea C. wish D. job( )7. A. Japanese B. Chinese C. English

18、 D. American( )8. A. nervous B. happy C. silent D. active( )9. A. sometimes B. seldom C. never D. always( )10. A. do B. say C. wear D. like这是一篇关于服装的科普文章。现在衣服不仅仅是保暖的，从衣服上可以看出一个人的文化底蕴、生活方式、工作单位、个人爱好甚至能体现出一个人的心情。1、B本题考查连词的用法。根据上下文可知，后一句是用来作目的状语的。2、A本题考查形容词的用法。联系上下文，可知答案。3、D本题考查形容词比较等级的用法。出现than用比较级，从下文

19、可知选more。4、A本题考查动词的用法。本题主要考查tell about sth.5、B本题考查副词短语的用法。举例说明前面的观点，用for example.6、D本题考查名词的用法。根据实情可知。7、A本题考查形容词的用法。联系上文可知。8、D本题考查形容词的用法。从上文可知。9、D本题考查频度副词的用法。联系下文可知。10、C本题考查动词的用法。联系上文可知。CAll about Britains TeenagersSchoolBritish teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE exams. They

20、 study for exams in as many as ten subjects, 1 they have to work pretty hard! Todays teens spend more time doing their homework than any teenagers in the past, studying for 2.5 3 hours every evening.Free TimeIts not all work, of course. What do British teenagers do to have 2 ? They love watching TV,

21、 going out, meeting friends in Internet cafs and listening to music. CommunicationsIn addition to the Internet, teenagers in Britain use their computers to play games and do their homework. They 3 love their mobile phones, and spend hours texting (发短信) their friends and chatting. Today, phones are g

22、etting smaller and lighter and you can do a lot more 4 them than just talk. Text messaging has become the coolest and most popular way to communicate. More than 90% of 12- to 16-year-olds have a mobile, and experts say that this stops 5 from spending their money on sweets and cigarettesFashion (服饰)A

23、t school, almost all British teenagers have to wear a school uniform. However, in their free 6 they can wear whatever they like, and what they like is designer names such as Nike, Diesel and Paul Smith. In fact, 40% of British teens say that they think it is important to have the latest fashion. Loo

24、king good doesnt come 7 , but many teenagers think it usual or easy to spend more than 100 on one item of clothing. （2008年上海中考）.( )1.A. but B. or C. so D. because( )2. A. lessons B. sports C. advice D. fun( )3. A. never B. already C. also D. no longer( )4. A. with B. for C. at D. in( )5. A. teachers

25、 B. relatives C. friends D. teenagers( )6. A. day B. time C. week D. month( )7. A. cheap B. expensive C. special D. ordinary这是一篇关于英国青少年学习生活方面的说明文。目的是让学生了解国外孩子的生活。1、C本题考查连词的用法。根据上下文可知前后两句是因果关系。2、D本题考查名词的用法。根据下句中的活动可知。3、本题考查副词的用法。联系上文可知。4、A本题考查介词的用法。记住do sth. with 5、D本题考查名词的用法。联系上下文可知，这篇文章是关于青少年的。6、B本

26、题考查名词的用法。上文中提到at school, 下文应该是in their free time. 7、A本题考查形容词的用法。联系下文可知。DHow can you think in English? I think the best way is to practice as what a football player does every day. During the 1 the football player will pass the ball to his teammates over and over again. So he wont have to 2 passing t

27、he ball in the game, he will just do it. You can 3 yourself to think in English this way. The first step is to think of the words that you use daily, simple everyday words 4 book or shoe or tree. For example, whenever you _5_a “book” you should think of it in English instead of in your mother langua

28、ge. After you have learned to think of several words in English, then move on to the next stepthinking in 6 . Listening and repeating is a very useful 7 to learn a language. Listen first and dont care too much about 8 you fully understand what youre hearing. Try to repeat what you hear. The more you

29、 listen, the 9 you learn. After you reach a higher level, _10 having conversations with yourself in English. This will lead you to think in English.（2008河北中考） ( )1. A. practice B. break C. game D. day ( )2. A. wait for B. think about C. look at D. give up ( )3. A. allow B. train C. tell D. ask ( )4.

30、 A. in B. about C. like D. from ( )5. A. buy B. keep C. borrow D. see ( )6. A. sentences B. passages C. lessons D. classes ( )7. A. idea B. step C. way D. pan ( ) 8. A. which B. whether C. how D. why ( )9. A. harder B. less C. later D. more ( )10. A. remember B. stop C. start D. finish本段是关于英语学习方面的说明

31、文。学会用英语去想是学好英语重要一环。本段主要教给学生学英语的方法。1、A本题考查动词的用法。联系上文可知选择practice.2、B本题考查动词词组的用法。wait for 等候， think about 考虑， look at 看 give up放弃。3、B本题考查动词的用法。 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事。4、C本题考查介词的用法。联系下文可知。5、D本题考查动词的用法。合情合理的应选see。6、A本题考查名词的用法。 用英语去想单词，然后是句子。7、B本题考查名词的用法。听和跟读是学英语的重要一步。8、B本题考查连词的用法。根据实际，可知不介意是否全听懂。9

32、、D本题考查比较级的用法。听的越多，学的越多。10、C.本题考查动词的用法。这四个动词都可以跟doing, 联系上下文，可知选start。第三部分：模拟训练AOne way to deal with more and more garbage is to cut down on the amount of trash we make. We can do this by recycling some of our garbage to make it into new things. Recycling means reusing materials 1 throwing them away.

33、 The recycling of old paper is a very good example. Do you know how many trees and energy it 2 to make paper? In fact, people in the United States cut down 850 million trees to make paper products each year! When the trees are 3 , they are turned into wood chips (碎片). The wood chips are mixed with c

34、hemicals (化学药品) and water to make pulp (纸浆). The pulp is spread out on a moving screen to make a thin layer of fibers (纤维). When the layer of fibers dries, it becomes 4 . Newspapers, boxes, magazines, and many other things are made 5 paper. When these things are through being used, they 6 be thrown

35、away. Recycle! Most towns and cities have recycling centers 7 bundles (捆) of old paper can be dropped off. In some places, trash collectors pick up the bundles of paper and take 8 away for recycling. Old paper can be turned back into pulp and made into new recycled paper, using less energy than it t

36、akes to produce new paper from raw materials. Recycling paper 9 trees and forests, which make oxygen and help keep the air clean. Saving forests protects the homes of many 10 , too.（ ）1. A. because of B. instead of C. thanks to D. according to （ ）2.A. pays B. spends C. costs D. takes （ ）3.A. cut dow

37、n B. fallen down C. turned down D. put down （ ）4.A. books B. garbage C. wood D. paper （ ）5.A. of B. in C. from D. by （ ）6.A. neednt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt （ ）7.A. who B. which C. that D. where（ ）8.A. they B. their C. them D. theirs （ ）9.A.makes B. saves C. plants D. buys（ ）10.A. animals B.

38、 people C. flowers D. fishesB A lie is saying something that you know is not true. Sometimes people lie because they are 1 to tell the truth. Other times, people lie 2 they are trying to trick (欺骗) someone. Almost everyone has told a lie at some time in his life. Just because you have lied before do

39、es not mean you are a terrible person. People have many different 3 for lying. Some people lie to make themselves look better. If a student gets a bad grade on a test, she might lie to her parents or friends and 4 them that she got an A. A boy who does not 5 to share his candy might lie by telling h

40、is friends he has no more candy. But have you thought of the result of telling lies? Lies damage (毁坏) trust (信任). Trust is when you are 6 that someone will not let you down. It is one of the most special things you can have with other people. When you trust someone, you know he will not 7 you or lie

41、 to you. But when a person lies to someone who trusts him, the trust is damaged. If you best friend told you a lie, 8 would you feel about him? You might stop trusting your friend. Then it might be hard to be friends. The worst part about telling a lie is that it can 9 you feel ashamed (耻辱的) or bad

42、about yourself. Lying can hurt you on the inside. Telling the truth can be hard. But being honest is worth it, even if you might get punished (惩罚) for it. Chances are, others will admire you for not lying. Youll feel proud that you were 10 enough to tell the truth.（ ）1. A. embarrassed B. funny C. ho

43、nest D. excellent （ ）2.A. so B. because C. although D.but （ ）3.A. chances B. ways C. reasons D. rules（ ）4. A. say B. speak C. talk D. tell （ ）5.A. enjoy B. want C. mind D. know （ ）6.A. sure B. pleased C. sorry D. afraid （ ）7.A. beat B. leave C. trouble D. hurt （ ）8.A. what B. how C. when D. where（ ）

44、9.A. keep B. tell C. make D. allow（ ）10.A. shy B. afraid C. brave D. happy CNovember 17 is an important day for black cats in Italy. An animal rights (权益) group has named that day as Black Cat Day to 1 the killing of thousands of the cats. Why do people hate the animal so much? It is because people

45、believe black cats bring bad luck if they 2 across your path. The black cat is just one of the symbols of superstition (迷信). You may already know that Western people dont like the number 3 . They also believe that walking under a ladder (梯子), opening an umbrella indoors and 4 a mirror can also bring

46、 bad luck. British people believe it is 5 to see one magpie (喜鹊). But two bring good luck. In Britain people like to have a horseshoe (马蹄铁) over the 6 . They believe it can bring good luck. But the horseshoe needs to be the right way up. The luck runs out 7 it is upside down. In the US, people usual

47、ly spit (吐唾沫) on a new baseball bat before using it 8 the first time. They think this can bring good luck. Also, it is believed that good spirits (精灵) live in 9 . So by knocking on anything made from wood, people can call upon those spirits for protection against bad luck. People in the US also beli

48、eve there are evil spirits in brooms. So dont lean a broom 10 a bed. The evil spirits will cast（投掷） a spell (诅咒) on the bed.（ ）1. A. celebrate B. stop C. begin D. protect（ ）2. A. fly B. climb C. jump D. walk（ ）3. A. 8 B. 4 C. 9 D. 13（ ）4. A.buying B. borrowing C. breaking D. lending（ ）5. A. unlucky B.unhappy C.impossible D.difficult（ ）6. A.door B.bed C.house D. desk（ ）7. A. because B. if C. unless D. although（ ）8. A. in B. for C. at D. since（ ）9. A.sky B. trees C. water D. air （ ）10.A. below B.above C. under D