英语作业unit5SectionB

1、Para 7 I can make this decision because Ive gone down this road with patients many times. Recently I operated in vain on an eighty-year-old woman with cancer of the liver. There was nothing I could do to relieve the problems the cancer had caused. She was an intelligent woman, without any close rela

2、tives, and a couple of days after the operation I sat down with her and explained the situation. 我之所以能做出这样的决定，是因为我多我之所以能做出这样的决定，是因为我多次碰到这样的病人。最近，我给一位次碰到这样的病人。最近，我给一位80岁的患岁的患肝癌的妇女动过手术，但没有成功。肝癌的妇女动过手术，但没有成功。对缓解癌对缓解癌症导致的问题我无计可施。症导致的问题我无计可施。她是个聪明女人，她是个聪明女人，没有任何直系亲属。手术后几天，我坐在她身没有任何直系亲属。手术后几天，我坐在她身边给她解释了当

3、时的情况。边给她解释了当时的情况。 2.go down this road withI have made a decision about my study goal for the new term. 我就这个新学期的学习计划已经下定决心了。1.Make the decision 做决定3.in vain 徒劳，白费He tried in vain to clear himself of the suspicion. 他未能消除人们对他的怀疑。 go down this road 表示“沿着这条路走”，down 在这里是介词，表示“沿着，向下”的意思，相当于along。 在本文中为延伸义“

4、碰到”。 “我可以给你用一些抗癌药，我可以给你用一些抗癌药，” 我说，我说，“但是它们但是它们会让你难受，而且还治不好你的病。会让你难受，而且还治不好你的病。同样，我也可以在同样，我也可以在你手臂上插上针管，给你输液，这可以让你在食欲渐渐你手臂上插上针管，给你输液，这可以让你在食欲渐渐消退时不觉得饥饿；消退时不觉得饥饿；输液可能让你的生命输液可能让你的生命延长延长一至两周。一至两周。或者，我可以撤消所有的治疗，只给你吃维他命，然后或者，我可以撤消所有的治疗，只给你吃维他命，然后再看看有什么效果。我个人建议你选最后一种方案。我再看看有什么效果。我个人建议你选最后一种方案。我会让你没有痛苦，然后看

5、看会发生什么事。会让你没有痛苦，然后看看会发生什么事。”Para 8 I can give you some anti-cancer drugs, I said, but they will make you sick and cannot cure you. Similarly, I can give you fluids through a needle in your arm, which will keep you fed as your appetite slips away; the fluids might add a week or two to your life. Or I

6、 can withdraw all other treatment and just give you a vitamin pill, and we can see what happens. Personally, my recommendation would be the last choice. Ill keep you comfortable, and well see what happens. Memories of her began to slip away. 对她的记忆开始淡去对她的记忆开始淡去 1.slip away 悄悄溜走悄悄溜走,白白溜走，淡去，褪去白白溜走，淡去，

7、褪去2.Add to增加，增长，扩大增加，增长，扩大 add to ones worries 加加重思想负担重思想负担 add to ones knowledge 增长增长见闻见闻 add to ones tasks 加加重任务重任务 Please add to my account请记在我的账里。请记在我的账里。I wont let tomorrow slip away/我不会让明天白白溜走我不会让明天白白溜走 Which在这里是用作非限制性定语从句中的关系代词，指代前面的句子在这里是用作非限制性定语从句中的关系代词，指代前面的句子1、She won the competition, whi

8、ch made the whole family very happy. 2、I suggest your question be detailed ,which at least contain enough information that make your problem easier to understand.3、They are hollow(空的空的,中空的中空的), which makes them very light. 4、They have again invited me to visit their country， which is very kind of th

9、em.5、Some bikes are made of plastic， which makes them very light.6、he once saved two boys lives,which was reported in the newspaper 代词代词 1. (用作疑问代词用作疑问代词)哪一个哪一个,哪一些哪一些Which is my seat? 哪个座位是我的哪个座位是我的? 2. (用做关系代词用做关系代词)那一个那一个,那一些那一些He also had a gun with which to defend himself. 他还有一把自卫用的枪。他还有一把自卫用的枪

10、。 He invited us to dinner, which was very kind of him. 他邀请我们吃晚饭他邀请我们吃晚饭,他这么做真是太客气了。他这么做真是太客气了。 She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well. 她很喜欢讲法语她很喜欢讲法语,而且确实讲得不错。而且确实讲得不错。 He lives in the house which is opposite ours. 他住在我们对面的那栋房子里。他住在我们对面的那栋房子里。 形容词形容词 a. 1. (用作疑问形容词用作疑问形容词)

11、哪一个哪一个,哪一些哪一些Which university did you go to, Oxford or Cambridge? 你上过哪所大学你上过哪所大学?牛津还是剑桥牛津还是剑桥? 2. (用作关系形容词用作关系形容词)这个这个,这些这些The doctor told him to give up smoking, which advice he took. 医生叮嘱他戒烟医生叮嘱他戒烟,他接受了这一忠告。他接受了这一忠告。 病人选择了听从我的建议。两周后，她病人选择了听从我的建议。两周后，她安详地、毫无痛苦地离世了。安详地、毫无痛苦地离世了。而有时，要做出如此显而易见的决定却而有时，

12、要做出如此显而易见的决定却很困难。最近，我有一个病人严重中风。他很困难。最近，我有一个病人严重中风。他完全动弹不得，而且不能吞咽任何东西。头完全动弹不得，而且不能吞咽任何东西。头两个礼拜我们给他输液，后来又通过一根导两个礼拜我们给他输液，后来又通过一根导管将食物从他的鼻子输送到他的胃里。管将食物从他的鼻子输送到他的胃里。 Para 9 The patient elected to follow my advice and died peacefully, pain free, a fortnight later. Para 10 Sometimes such a transparent dec

13、ision is more difficult to come by. Recently I had a patient who suffered a severe stroke. He was completely unable to move and couldnt swallow anything. We gave him fluids for the first two weeks and then fed him through a tube which passed through his nose into his stomach. come by得到；得到； A good jo

14、b that you enjoy doing is hard to come by. 要找到一份好的工作是不容易的。要找到一份好的工作是不容易的。(从从.旁旁)经经过举例，参观过举例，参观,访问访问,拜访拜访pass through 经历经历;通过通过,度过度过1.Pass through difficult years. 熬过困难的岁月熬过困难的岁月2.pass through a tunnel 穿过隧道穿过隧道Pass through an anxious hour 度过了一个小时焦急不安的时光。度过了一个小时焦急不安的时光。 3.pass through a terrible ordea

15、l 经历一种可怕的考验经历一种可怕的考验4.pass through the crucible of war 经受战争的严峻考验经受战争的严峻考验He had passed through many difficulties during the experiments. 在试验时他经历了许多困难。在试验时他经历了许多困难。 三周后，他依旧昏迷不醒，而导管使他的喉咙经常三周后，他依旧昏迷不醒，而导管使他的喉咙经常疼痛。疼痛。我与他的四个成年孩子商量，告诉他们我认为该我与他的四个成年孩子商量，告诉他们我认为该把一根导管通过一个小洞直接插进他的胃里，这样喂食把一根导管通过一个小洞直接插进他的胃里，

16、这样喂食他就不会那么痛苦。他就不会那么痛苦。我还告诉他们说：我还告诉他们说：“我可以把导管我可以把导管拿掉，就让他吃些他能吃得下的东西。有可能他活不长拿掉，就让他吃些他能吃得下的东西。有可能他活不长久，但他不会太痛苦。久，但他不会太痛苦。”没有人愿意承担允许施行手术没有人愿意承担允许施行手术的责任，也没有人愿意允许完全停止给病人进食。的责任，也没有人愿意允许完全停止给病人进食。Para11 After three weeks he was still completely unconscious, and the tube caused him to have a constant, pain

17、ful sore throat. I talked to his four grown children and told them I thought we should insert a tube directly into his stomach through a small hole so he could be fed without so much pain. I also told them, I can remove the tube and just let him swallow whatever he can. Chances are he wont live long

18、, but he wont be in pain. No one wanted to take the responsibility for permitting an operation, yet no one would give permission to stop feeding the patient entirely. chances are( that) 可能，可能， Chances are that our team will finish at the top of the league table. As our remaining matches arent too di

19、fficult。由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能在联赛表上名由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能在联赛表上名列前茅。列前茅。Yet (与与once,another等连用等连用)I have yet another question to ask. 我还有一个问题要问。我还有一个问题要问。 结果，可怜的老人又多活了近三个月，喉咙依然疼痛不已，结果，可怜的老人又多活了近三个月，喉咙依然疼痛不已，嘴里也因疼痛而经常出血。他死于严重感染嘴里也因疼痛而经常出血。他死于严重感染一种令人悲痛的一种令人悲痛的死法。死法。那么，作为负责任的人，在需要做出这样大的决定时该怎那么，作

20、为负责任的人，在需要做出这样大的决定时该怎么办呢？么办呢？归根到底是个常识问题。在我行医的归根到底是个常识问题。在我行医的30年里，以及在这之年里，以及在这之前的数百年里，医生和病人家属一直合作默契，共同决定在疾前的数百年里，医生和病人家属一直合作默契，共同决定在疾病的最后阶段怎么做才对病人最好。病的最后阶段怎么做才对病人最好。 Para 12 As a result, the poor man continued on for nearly three more months with a painful throat and frequent bleeding caused by sore

21、s in the mouth. He died of a major infectiona sad way to die. Para 13 So what should responsible persons do when confronted with the necessity of such an enormous decision? Para 14 What it all comes down to is common sense. For the 30 years I have been a doctor, and for hundreds of years before that

22、, doctors and families have been quietly cooperating to decide what is best for a patient in the final phase of an illness. As a result as a result是一个习惯短语，意为是一个习惯短语，意为“因此因此”“”“结果结果”。As a result, the discussion was put off until the following week. 结结果讨论被推迟到了下星期。果讨论被推迟到了下星期。 As a result , the setback

23、s to growth expected in America and perhaps Europe will have little impact on emerging markets . 因此，美国以及或许欧洲预计将出现的经济增长放缓对新兴市场几乎不会产因此，美国以及或许欧洲预计将出现的经济增长放缓对新兴市场几乎不会产生影生影 响。响。But he says it is important for people who need help not to delay seeking help as a result of the new report . 但是他说，作为新的报告的结果对于那

24、些需要帮助而不是推迟寻求帮助的人是但是他说，作为新的报告的结果对于那些需要帮助而不是推迟寻求帮助的人是很重要的。很重要的。 as a result of ：词意临近：词意临近： result in with the result that be confronted with 面临、面对面临、面对1.The new system will be confronted with great difficulties at the start.这种新的这种新的制度一开始将会面临很大困难。制度一开始将会面临很大困难。2. After being confronted with our evidenc

25、e, the other side had to back down.面对我们摆出来的证据，对方只得作出让步。面对我们摆出来的证据，对方只得作出让步。come down to 归结为。举例；归结为。举例；If you come down to the old price, we can place an order of a large quantity.贵方若能降到老价格，我们就向您大量订货。贵方若能降到老价格，我们就向您大量订货。common sense常识常识Drinking water is good for body health. It is common sense.经常喝水有益

26、于身体健康，这是常识。经常喝水有益于身体健康，这是常识。in the final phase of在最后时期在最后时期We stick to struggle in the final phase of the war and achieve successIn the end.在最后时期，我们坚持抗战，最终取得了胜利。在最后时期，我们坚持抗战，最终取得了胜利。表示死的原因，表示死的原因，die 后既可接介词后既可接介词 of，也可接，也可接 from, 两者的区别是：两者的区别是： 一、若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因一、若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等

27、自身的原因)，一般用介词，一般用介词 of。如：如：die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病死于疾病 (心脏病，癌症，发烧心脏病，癌症，发烧等等) 二、若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的二、若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词一般用介词 from 。 如：如： die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震死于地震(交通事故，雷

28、击等交通事故，雷击等) 三、若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用三、若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用 of, from 均可。如：均可。如：die of from a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于饮酒死于饮酒(受伤，受伤，劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等)die of. 死于死于Only in opera do people die of love . “只有在歌剧中才会有人为爱情而死只有在歌剧中才会有人为爱情而死”。 They also were 23

29、% more likely to die of cancer . 同时，比起乐观者来，因为癌症死亡的几率要高同时，比起乐观者来，因为癌症死亡的几率要高23%。Throw that silly ice bag away before you die of pneumonia . 快把那个没用的冰袋摔掉，要不你会得肺炎死掉的。快把那个没用的冰袋摔掉，要不你会得肺炎死掉的。 有有95的病例，在恰当磋商之后，都的病例，在恰当磋商之后，都能做出人道而合理的决定。能做出人道而合理的决定。另外的另外的5不能不能立即达成这样的决议。遇上这种病例，做立即达成这样的决议。遇上这种病例，做上几天或数周的基本治疗，观

30、察病人的进上几天或数周的基本治疗，观察病人的进展之后，正确的决定就一目了然了。展之后，正确的决定就一目了然了。Para 15 In 95 percent of the cases a sympathetic, reasonable decision can be made after appropriate discussion. In 5 percent of cases where such a judgment cannot immediately be reached, the proper decision will become apparent after a few days

31、or weeks of basic treatment, observing the patients progress. 在此我警告一句。不论是家属还是医生，在此我警告一句。不论是家属还是医生，他们都不愿做出生死攸关的决定。可是毫无他们都不愿做出生死攸关的决定。可是毫无疑问，如果任何一方坚持要有所谓疑问，如果任何一方坚持要有所谓 “中立中立”的第三方（通常是政府代表或者职业律师）的第三方（通常是政府代表或者职业律师）介入，那不但会拖长决策过程，而且在很多介入，那不但会拖长决策过程，而且在很多时候，决策还会更加武断、更不人道。时候，决策还会更加武断、更不人道。Para 16 Let me so

32、und one note of warning. Neither families nor doctors like to make life-death decisions. But there is no question that if either party insists on bringing in a so-called neutral third party (usually some representative of the state or legal profession), not only will the process take longer, in many

33、 instances it will be more arbitrary and less sympathetic. 1.there is no question that“毫无疑问。毫无疑问。”，还有，还有其他的表达方式，其他的表达方式，there is no doubt thatThere is no question that today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours 2.Not only 引导的倒装句。引导的倒装句。连接主语：由于连接主语：由于not only A but also B句式的重点在句式的重点在B上

34、，所以谓语动词一般上，所以谓语动词一般要与要与B保持人称和数的一致。保持人称和数的一致。Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television. 不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。连接句子：前倒后不倒原则连接句子：前倒后不倒原则 Not only can he play basketball well,but also he can sing and dance. 3. insists on(doing sth) . say very firmly that sth.must be

35、done 坚持，坚决要求坚持，坚决要求;insist (that)引导的从句，从句谓语动词常用引导的从句，从句谓语动词常用should do表示虚拟语气表示虚拟语气The doctor insists that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.4. bring in .allow or invite sb.to take part in sth.使某人参加使某人参加,引进引进.Eg：We may have to bring extra workers in to help us with this big job. 我们试图避免的就是中

36、立。唯一有权做出我们试图避免的就是中立。唯一有权做出决定的，是那些非常熟悉病人、能将病人的利决定的，是那些非常熟悉病人、能将病人的利益放在首位的人。益放在首位的人。如果有一个地方应该禁止律如果有一个地方应该禁止律师和政府官员的干涉，那就是危在旦夕的病人师和政府官员的干涉，那就是危在旦夕的病人的房间。的房间。Para 17 What we are trying to avoid is neutrality; the only people with any qualification to decide are those who know the patient intimately and can put