Module3词汇与语法

1、Module 3 Music（一）、重点单词1.听众2.古典音乐 3.宫廷 4.丢失v.5.音乐豕n.音乐的adj.6.天才n.7.录音n.v.8. composer n.v.9. con ductor n. tv.10. musicia n n.adjn.11.director n. tv.plex adj.v.13. in flue nee n. tv.14. record v.n.15. lecturer n. tn.16. mix v. tn.17. lose v. tn（失败者）tn.18.使混合混合物19.复杂的复合句（二）重点短语1.作为而出名2.有史以来3.给某人留下深刻印象4

2、.变聋5.把变成6.在某方面有天赋7.对有影响8.把和混合9.谈到，提及10.做笔记11.因,而岀名12.除”以外还”词汇部分：1. audienee n.听众，观众；接见，拜见注意当audienee作主语时，若看作一个集体则谓语动词用单数，重点在个人则用复数形式。There was a large/ small audienee in the theatre.剧院里有很多观众 /观众真少。The audie nee is/are always very excited by a won derful goal. 一个精彩的进球总会使观众们非 常激动。Three thousa nd audie

3、 nces crowded the concert hall.三千名听众挤满了音乐大厅。2. tale nt n.才能，才干，天资；天才，有才能的人tale nt 常构成短语：have tale nt for sth. /doi ng sth.在，方面有天分 （才 能） a tale nt for organi zati on 有组织才能 He has a tale nt for Ian guages/ speak ing.他具有语言才 台匕冃匕。My sister has a tale nt for music. 我妹妹有音乐才能。a man of tale nt 有才能的人The loca

4、l tale nts in our country take an active part in social affairs.我国地方上的人才积极参与社会事务。3. in flue nee（1） n.用作不可数名词时意为“影响、感化、势力、权利”；用作可数名词时表示“有影响 的人（或事务）、有权势的人”。and art have a great in flue nee upon/on people s ideology. 文 艺对人 们 的 思想有 很 大的影 响。He is an in flue nee in politics.他是一个在政界有影响的人物。常构成如下短语：un der th

5、e in flue nee of 在 , 的 影响下 a man of great in flue nee 彳艮有 权势的 人 have in flue nee over 有左右,的力量（2） vt. influenee也可以用作及物动词，意为“影响，感化，对 ”有作用”。labor en thusiasm of the workers stron gly in flue need us. （in flue nee sb.） 工人们的劳动热情强烈地感染了我们。The weather in flue nces crops. （in flue nee sth.） 天气影响农作物。4. record

6、 v.意为录音，给 ”灌音，记录下来，记载下来”。to him carefully and record what he says. 仔纟田 听他 讲话， 然 后记录 下 来。We recorded music on a phono graph. 我们把音乐灌进唱片。(2)record也可用作名词，意为“记录、记载；档案；经历、履历；唱片” 等。is on record that the summer was the wettest for 50 years. 根据记录这个夏天是五十年来雨 量最多的季节。Your record is in your favour.你的履历对你有利。Our mu

7、seums are full of records of past history. 我们的 博物馆 有很多 过去历 史的资 料。The athlete broke the record in the game.比赛中一个队员打破了记录。6. mix (mixed ； mixed, mixing) v. 使 混合， 混淆， 搞混， 相 混合， 相 融 合 you mix blue and yellow, you will make gree n.你若把蓝色和黄色掺起来，就配成了绿色。Don t mix black with white.不要混淆黑白。You re always mixing m

8、e up with my twin brother.你老是分辨不出我和我的孪生哥哥(弟弟)。mixed 用作形容词意为“混合的、混杂的；男女混合 的”。e.g.I have mixed feelings about the book.我对这本书的看法是褒贬参半。6. encourage(encouraged; encouraged, encouraging) vt.鼓励，激励； 助长； 援助 反义词： discourage 使”泄气词性变化：en courageme nt n.鼓励，奖励；鼓励之物， 支持之 物 encouraged me to have a try. ( encourage

9、sb. to do sth.) 他鼓励我试一试。Don t encourage him in his idle ways.不要助长他的懒惰。We tried to discourage him from climbi ng the mountain without a guide.我们设法劝他无向导不要去爬山。Praise acts as an en courageme nt to the young.称赞对于青年人是一种鼓励。(二)句子解析1Joseph Haydn (17321809) was an Austrian composer and is known as “ the fathe

10、r of the symphony ” .约瑟夫海顿 (1732 1809)，奥地利作曲家，以“交响曲之父”著称。be known as,作为” 而闻名Chan is known as a kungfu film star.成龙作为功夫片电影明星而闻名于世。be known for,因”而出名(表示原因)small tow n is known for its honey peaches all over the coun try.那个小镇以水蜜桃而闻名全国。2. , but he changed the symphony into a long piece for a large orche

11、stra., 但是他把交响乐改编 为可供大型管弦乐队使用的长篇曲目。change, into,变成，把”变成change, for,用”换，,类似的短语还有：turn, in to, 进入； 使变成； 使成为 put /tran slate, in to, 把, 译成 cha nges water into steam.力口热 使水变成蒸汽。I d like to change these dollars into pounds. 我想把美元换成英镑。那个小镇以水蜜桃而闻名全国。2. , but he changed the symphony into a long piece for a l

12、arge orchestra., 但是他把交响乐改编 为可供大型管弦乐队使用的长篇曲目。change, into,变成，把”变成change, for,用”换，,类似的短语还有：turn, in to, 进入； 使变成； 使成为 put /tran slate, in to, 把, 译成 cha nges water into steam.力口热 使水变成蒸汽。I d like to change these dollars into pounds. 我想把美元换成英镑。Can you change this 10 pound note for ten single ones?请你把这张十英镑

13、的钞票换成10 张一英镑的好吗？ Please turn the article into English.请把这篇文章译成英语。He is cha nging the En glish book into French. 他正在将那本英文书译成法文。3. Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful.在那里工作了 30年后，海顿移居伦敦。在伦敦，他非常成功。(1) move to a place搬家至某地(2) having worked ,为现在分词的完成式作时间状

14、语，表示动作发生在主动词之前，相当于时间状语从句 After he had worked there ,lived for 20 years in the coun tryside, the family moved to Jinan.在乡下住了 20年以后，全家搬到了济南。v.- ing称为现在分词的一般式，也可作状语，现在分词的一般式表示的时间概念与主动词同时发生或几乎同时发生。如：through the streets, he caught sight of a tailors shop. 相当 于When/ While he was walki ng through the stree

15、ts ,( 动作与 主动词 同时发 生)Hearing the news, he jumped up with joy.相当于 As soon as he heard the news,(动作与主动 词几乎同时发生)(3) where引导定语从句修饰 Lon don。4. His father Leopold was a musicia n and orchestra con ductor. 他的父亲 Leopold 是音乐家兼管 弦乐队的指挥。注意orchestra con ductor前没有冠词，因为这是他的父亲的兼职或是说多个称呼，实际上是同一个人。worker and poet这位工人

16、兼诗人The writer and teacher is speak ing at the meet ing.这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。注意：并列结构充当主语表示整体概念时，即指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。比较：The sin ger and dan cer is going to give us a lecture this after noon. 歌手兼舞者今天下午要给我们 讲课。The sin ger and the dancer are both very beautiful.歌手和舞者都很漂亮。5 . By the time h

17、e was 14, Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord, piano and violi n, as well as for orchestras.在莫扎特14岁的时候就已写了许多大键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴演奏曲，同时也写了很多适 合乐队演奏的曲子。(1) by表示时间“到，为止”，常用于过去完成时和将来完成时 中。 the time I got there, the meeti ng had bee n on for half an hour.我到的时候会议已经开始半个小时了。By the time you reach the

18、 statio n, the train will have left. 你到车站的时候，火车可能都已经走了。(2) as well as这里作“和、并且”讲，这里连接两个并列成分，即介词短语 for the harpsichord, piano and violin 禾口 for orchestras.o as well as 还可用来连接其它并列成分。as well as her pare nts was prese nt at the party.玛丽和她父母都出席了晚会。注意： as well as连接主语时，谓语的数须与 as well as前的主语的数对应。 as well as连

19、接并列成分时，as well as后面的部分，可以连同as well as放在句首、句尾。例如：well as her pare nts, Mary was prese nt at the party.玛丽还有她的父母出席了宴会。=Mary was prese nt at the party, as well as her pare nts. Tom bought some books as well as a dictio nary.汤姆买了一本字典和一些书。=As well as a dict ion ary, Tom bought some books. as well as连接谓语动词

20、时，as well as 后的动词须用动名词形 式。plays the piano as well as swimming.凯特不仅会弹钢琴而且会游泳。6. Haydn met Mozart in 1781 and was very impressed with him. 海顿在 1781 年与莫扎特相遇， 莫扎特给他留下了深刻的印象。be impressed with , 对 , 留下 印象， 也可 以用 be impressed by/ at ,e.g.I was deeply impressed by/ with/ at his speech.impress的其他用法：（1 ） impr

21、ess sth. upon/ on sb.或 者 impress sb. with sth.使 某人铭 记某事 物father impressed on me the importa nee of work.或者My father impressed me with the importa nee of work. 我父亲使我铭记工作的重要性。（2） impress sth upon/ on sth.在某物上面印上某物impressed his name on the box.他把名字印在盒子上。7. However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven

22、 to move to Vienna. 然而，是海顿鼓励贝 多芬移居维也纳的。it was , who ,是强调句，该强调句强调了主语。正常语序为： Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.我们常用 it is/was, who/that 结构来突出强 调句子的某一成分（一般是句子中主语、宾语或状语）。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其它成分，则一律用that来连接。impress的其他用法：（1 ） impress sth. upon/ on sb.或

23、者 impress sb. with sth.使 某人铭 记某事 物father impressed on me the importa nee of work.或者My father impressed me with the importa nee of work. 我父亲使我铭记工作的重要性。（2） impress sth upon/ on sth.在某物上面印上某物impressed his name on the box.他把名字印在盒子上。7. However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. 然而，

24、是海顿鼓励贝 多芬移居维也纳的。it was , who ,是强调句，该强调句强调了主语。正常语序为： Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.我们常用 it is/was, who/that 结构来突出强 调句子的某一成分（一般是句子中主语、宾语或状语）。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调的成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其它成分，则一律用that来连接。is I who am wrong.是我错了。（强调主语I，原句为：I am wrong.注意：被强调成分是主语，who /that之后

25、的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。）It is our pare nts who supply us with everyth ing we n eed.是我们的父母提供我们所需要的一切。（强调主语 Our parents,原句为：Our parents supply us with everything we need. ） It was here that I lost my watch.我是在这儿掉的手表的。（强调地点状语 here , 原句为：I lost my watch here. ） It was yesterday that we attended a conc

26、ert.我们是昨天参加音乐会的。（强调时间状语 yesterday ,原句为：We atte nded a concert yesterday.）区分定语从句和强调句型：某些定语从句和强调句型形式差不多，容易混淆。如果去掉it is/ was , that句子仍然通顺成立，则为强调句型，不成立不通顺，则为定语从 句。 was three years ago that he went to America for a further study. 去掉 It was, that 句子为Three years ago he went to America for a further study.句

27、子通顺，意思完整，那么，这就是一 个强调句型。 7. As he grew older, he began to go deaf.随着年龄的增长，他的耳朵变聋了。go为系动词，意为“变得”，相当于become，后面接形容词作表语，表示主语由好变坏或 由正常情况变成特殊情况。类似短语：go mad发疯，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿，go wrong出毛病，go broke 破产，go dead 坏死 woman went mad after her son was killed. 儿子被杀后 那位母亲就疯了。Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.天气

28、太热，鱼很快会变坏的。She went pale at the n ews.她听到这个消息之后，脸色苍白。The childre n must n ot go hungry.不要让孩子挨饿。The teleph one has gone dead.电话机坏了。类似的系动词还有 become, get和grow。9 . Ye Xiaogang, who was born in 1955, is one of a group of Chinese composers known as the Ne w Tide.叶小纲，出生于1955年，是“新潮流”中国作曲家群体中的一员。该句中who引导非限制性

29、定语从句，修饰先行词Ye Xiaogang。 known as the New Tide为过去分词短语作定语修饰Chinese composers，相当于 who were known as the New Tide。10 . He showed musical ability at an early age and began studying piano when he was four years old.他小小年纪便显示出音乐才能，在四岁时就开始学习钢琴。at an early age = whe n he was very young 表 示 年 幼 时 , 从 很 小 的 时 候”

30、。began to learn English at an early age.他年幼时就开始学习英语。11. After graduation, he worked there as a lecturer.毕业后，他在那儿当讲师。as为介词，表示“作为”，后面通常接表示职位或用途的名词。work as为“从事”的职业”的意思。works as a professor.他当教授。 She is famous as a sin ger.她是一位著名歌手。12. From that time, he has been one of the leading modern composers of C

31、hinese classical music. 从那时起，他一直是中国传统音乐现代作曲家中的领军人物。from that time = from then on 表示“从那时开始”，常跟完成时态连 用。 has lived in Qin gdao since the n / from that time/ from the n on. 从那时起他一直居住在青 岛。三、语法点拨（一） when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别when, while, as显然都可以引导时间状语从句，但用法区别非常大。1. when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延

32、续性动词连用。do you want a new job when you ve got such a good one already?（ get 为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？Sorry, I was out when you called me. （call为短暂性动词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。 Strike while the iron is hot. （is为延续性动词，表示一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。The students took notes as they listened. （listen为延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。2. when从句

33、的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓 语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。1）从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用when。he had finished his homework , he took a short rest. （finished 先发生） 当他完成作业后，他休 息了一会儿。When I got to the airport， the guests had left. （got to 后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。（2） 从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，when, while, as都可使用。While/ A

34、s we were dancing, a stranger came in. （ dance 为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。When/ While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.（ make 为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写信。（3）当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时，as常表示“随着”；一边” 一边,，”之意。the time wenton, the weather got worse. （as表示随着 ”之意。）随着

35、时间的推移，天气 更糟糕了。The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height in creases.随着高度的增加，大气越来越 稀薄。As years go by, China is gett ing stron ger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越 富强了。 The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouti ng as she was crying.伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边

36、叫。（4）在将来时从句中，常用 when，且从句须用一般时代替将来 时。shall borrow the book whe n I have fi nished readi ng it.在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。When the man ager comes here for a visit n ext week, Ill talk with him about this.下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。3. when用于表示“一 ”就,，”的句型中（指过去的事情）。sb. had hardly （= scarcely） done sth. when, = Hardly/ Scarcely had sb. done sth. whe