[自学考试密押题库与答案解析]英汉翻译教程自考题模拟3

1、自学考试密押题库与答案解析英汉翻译教程自考题模拟3自学考试密押题库与答案解析英汉翻译教程自考题模拟3英汉翻译教程自考题模拟3.Multiple Choice QuestionsA Directions: This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different translations labeled A、B、C and D. Choose the one that is the most equivalent to the original in terms of meaning and expressivene

2、ss. 问题:1. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me.A.我不知道今后等待着我的是什么，会使我欣喜，还是惊骇。B.我不知道今后会是怎样，会是欣喜，还是惊讶。C.我不知道未来是否会给我带来欣喜或惊骇。D.我不知道未来的我将会是欣喜的还是惊骇的。答案:A解析 这句话的翻译注意三个关键词和短语：what，held和marvel or surprise。what在这里指“那件东西，那件事，那种情况”，hold体现了未来的一种状态。marvel or surprise欣喜或惊骇。另外一点就是整句话的结构，应该

3、符合中文表达习惯。B项中没有译出for me；C，D两项所表达的意思不符合原句。问题:2. The grammar schools legally could only teach the classical subjects for which they have been founded.A.按规定教授语法的学校只能讲授古典学科，这些学校的办学宗旨本来就是如此。B.按规定文法学校只能讲授班级的主题，这些学校的办学宗旨本来就是如此。C.按规定文法学校只能讲授古典学科，这些学校的办学宗旨本来就是如此。D.按规定文法学校只能讲授古典学科，这些学校建立时就是这样了。答案:C解析 翻译这句话需要注意

4、：grammar school文法学校，而不是指教语法的学校；classical subjects古典学科，而不是班级主题；另外for which表明这些学校建立的目的，即办学宗旨。问题:3. The devastating floods and droughts that imposed a recurrent tax of suffering on the fellahin no longer occur.A.那些毁灭性的水旱灾害曾经不断地给农民施加赋税，现在已经不再发生了。B.过去给农民带来灾难的水旱灾害，现在不再发生了。C.那些严重的水旱灾害曾经不断地给农民施加赋税，现在已经不加税了。

5、D.过去给农民带来灾难的水旱灾害，现在已经没有灾害了。答案:B解析 tax是一种形象的说法，而不是税收，tax of suffering表现出灾害给农民们带来的严重影响。no longer occur是指这些灾难不再发生了。问题:4. The city is separated from its suburbs by extensive areas of park lands.A.市区被分为郊区和大片公园区。B.市区被郊区分为大片公园区。C.郊区从市区那儿分开，有一大片公园。D.市区与郊区之间有大片公园区。答案:D解析 D项的表达最符合原句的意思。问题:5. Often property da

6、mage and disrupted lives result.A.往往是财产损失造成了对生活的影响。B.结果往往是财产遭损失，生活受影响。C.往往是生活受到影响，导致财产遭受损失。D.往往是财产遭损失，生活受影响出现了其他结果。答案:B解析 result一词在这句话中是动词，前面的两个并列短语是导致的结果。问题:6. 卫婆子叫她祥林嫂，说是自己母家的邻舍。A.Old Mrs. Wei called her Xianglins Wife, a neighbour of her mothers family.B.Old Mrs. Wei introduced her as Xianglins W

7、ife, a neighbour of her mother.C.Old Mrs. Wei introduced her as Xianglins Wife, and says that she was a neighbour of her mothers family.D.Old Mrs. Wei introduced her as Xianglins Wife, a neighbour of her mothers family.答案:D解析 D选项为正确答案，语言简洁，原句含义翻译得到位。问题:7. 每天天不亮戴着星星去排队。A.We had to queue up before daw

8、n when there were still stars in the sky.B.We had to queue up before dawn and wear the stars.C.We had to wear the stars to queue up before dawn.D.Everyday when the sky is not bright, we will go and queue up while the stars were still in the sky.答案:A解析 B，C两项均把“戴着星星”的含义理解错了，并不是指佩戴，天空中还能看见星星，天还没亮。D项“天不

9、亮”翻译不当。故选A。问题:8. 中国海域已经开发的渔场面积达81.8万平方海里。A.The fishing grounds that have been developed in Chinas sea areas cover 81,800 square nautical miles.B.The fishing grounds that have been developed in Chinas sea areas cover 818,000 nautical miles.C.The fishing grounds that have been developed in Chinas sea

10、areas cover 818,000 square nautical miles.D.The fishing grounds that have been developed in China cover 818,000 square nautical miles.答案:C解析 A项数字翻译错误；B项没有翻译“平方”；D项没有译出“海域”；故选C。问题:9. 合营各方按注册资本比例分享利润和分担风险及亏损。A.The parties to the venture shall share the profits, risks and losses according to their cont

11、ributions to the registered capital.B.The parties to the venture shall share the profits, risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.C.The parties to the venture shall share the profits, risks and losses in proportion to their contributions to the capital.D.The p

12、arties to the venture shall share the profits, risks in proportion to their contributions to the registered capital.答案:B解析 这个译题涉及法律术语的翻译，法律文件的翻译一定要准确，文中注意三个关键点“按比例”，“注册资本”，“分享利润和分担风险及亏损”A，C，D分别将这三点漏译或错译。故应选B。问题:10. 哈佛为增进中美两国人民的相互了解做出了有益的贡献。A.Harvard has made useful contribution to enhance mutual und

13、erstanding between the Chinese and American peoples.B.Harvard has made useful contribution to the enhanced understanding between the Chinese and American peoples.C.Harvard has made useful contribution to the enhanced mutual understanding between the Chinese and American peoples.D.Harvard has give us

14、eful contribution to enhance mutual understanding between the Chinese and American peoples.答案:C解析 作贡献make contribution to为固定搭配，后面可以跟动名词或名词。相互了解为mutual understanding。B Directions: This part consists of five unfinished statements, each followed by four choices labeled A、B、C and D. Choose the one that

15、best completes each statement. 问题:1. 下面哪种表述是正确的A.我国的翻译事业最初是从佛经翻译开始的B.我国的翻译事业最初是从科技翻译开始的C.我国的翻译事业最初是从文学翻译开始的D.我国的翻译事业最初是从文献翻译开始的答案:A解析 我国的翻译事业是从佛经翻译开始的。东汉时代，天竺人摄摩腾、竺法兰翻译四十二章经，这是我国现存佛经中最早的译本。问题:2. 下列哪种说法是最恰当的A.好的译文在形式上是忠实的，在语言上是通顺的，在风格上是得体的B.好的译文在内容上是忠实的，在语法上是通顺的，在风格上是得体的C.好的译文在内容上是忠实的，在语言上是通顺的，在风格上是得

16、体的D.好的译文在风格上是忠实的，在语言上是通顺的，在内容上是得体的答案:C解析 如果一篇译文在内容上是忠实的，在语言上是通顺的，在风格上是得体的，那的确就是一篇很好的译文了。问题:3. 下列哪一位说过“正确的翻译是直译，也就是意译”，并指出“正确的翻译是分不出直译和意译的”。A.周建人B.林汉达C.周树人D.郭沫若答案:B解析 1953年，林汉达在“翻译的原则”一文中写道：“正确的翻译是直译，也就是意译。死译和胡译不同，呆译和曲译不同，这是可以划分的，它们都是错误的翻译。正确的翻译是分不出直译或意译的。”问题:4. 下列哪一位在论演说术中提到“I did not think it neces

17、sary to translate word for word, I preserved the general style and force of the language. ”A.西塞罗B.奈达C.泰特勒D.哲罗姆答案:A解析 西塞罗是古罗马政治家、雄辩家和哲学家。他著述广博，今存演说和哲学论文、政治论文多篇，及大批书简。他的文体流畅，被誉为拉丁文的典范。他表示没有必要逐字翻译，强调保持原作的总的风格和力量。问题:5. 就翻译的上下文而言，从狭义上讲，以下哪种表述是正确的A.狭义上下文可以分为句群上下文和文体上下文B.狭义上下文可以分为段落上下文和词汇上下文C.狭义上下文可以分为风格上下

18、文和内容上下文D.狭义上下文可以分为句法上下文和词汇上下文答案:D解析 狭义上下文可以分为句法上下文和词汇上下文。句法上下文是指该词词组或(从属)句子所属的句法结构。词汇上下文指的是该单位周围具体的词汇单位、词和固定词组的总和。.Word and Phrase TranslationA. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese. 问题:1. full members答案:正式成员问题:2. rocking chair答案:安乐椅问题:3. cottage industry答案:家庭手工业问题:4. stock r

19、aising答案:畜牧业问题:5. eight-tenths答案:十分之八问题:6. watchtower答案:嘹望塔问题:7. off-shore oil exploration答案:近海石油勘探问题:8. net income答案:净收入问题:9. multilateral disciplines答案:多边规定问题:10. finite stock答案:有限数量B. Directions: Put the following words and phrases into English. 问题:1. 最高境界答案: highest state问题:2. 福利工厂答案: welfare in

20、dustry问题:3. 全国范围答案: nation-wide问题:4. 单位面积产量答案: the yield per unit area问题:5. 游记答案: travel notes问题:6. 试工期答案: trial period问题:7. 拾烟头答案: collect cigarette stubs问题:8. 长期战略任务答案: long-term strategic task问题:9. 归根到底答案: in the final analysis问题:10. 外汇账户答案: foreign exchange transactions.Translations ImprovementA

21、. Directions: Each of the following Chinese translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the given translations. 问题:1. 原文：He would do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life. 译文：只要能回到旧的生活里去，派他做什么工作都行。 改译： 答案:只要不再回到旧的生活里去，派他做什么工作都行。解析 注意句中but一词的含义及用法，在这里表示转折，“只要不，除了”的意思。问题:2. 原文：

22、He laughed and he said a little bit measuring with his finger and thumb. 译文：他笑了，说道“一点点”，同时用大拇指和食指测量着。 改译： 答案:他笑了，说道“一点点”，同时用大拇指和食指比划着。解析 measure一词的原意是测量，但是这里是指边说话，边用手指形象地比划。问题:3. 原文：Built in the early fifteenth century, it is also called the Palace Museum. 译文：早在15世纪，它就被建成了，也被人称为故宫博物院。 改译： 答案:建于15世纪初

23、，它也被称作故宫博物院。解析 in the early fifteenth century的意思是15世纪初。早在15世纪是as early as the fifteenth century。问题:4. 原文：In the last decade, telephone connections rose more than 60%. 译文：在过去10年中，电话连接增加到了60%。 改译： 答案:在过去10年中，电话用户增加了60%以上。解析 telephone connections指电话用户；另外在翻译增加或减少的量时，一定要注意是“增加，减少了”，还是“增加/减少至”，这句话中应该是“增加了

24、”。问题:5. 原文：It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes. 译文：告诉成人和孩子们，让他们别犯错误是没用的。 改译： 答案:告诉已经长大的孩子们别犯错误是没用的。解析 grown-up children已经长大成人的孩子们，而不是成人和孩子们。另外注意it is no use doing something。B. Directions: Each of the following English translations has one or more inadequacies. Improve the giv

25、en translations. 问题:1. 原文：我从头到脚淋成了落汤鸡了。 译文：1 was drenched from head to foot like a chick in the soup. 改译： 答案:I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned rat.解析 落汤鸡在英文中对应的意象是a drowned rat。从头到脚被淋则被翻译为drenched from head to foot。问题:2. 原文：中国的海域处在中、低纬度地带，自然环境和资源条件比较优越。 译文：Located in medium and low lon

26、gitudes, Chinas sea areas have comparatively advantageous natural environmental and source conditions. 改译： 答案: Located in medium and low latitudes, Chinas sea areas have comparatively advantageous natural environmental and resource conditions.解析 纬度应该是latitudes；资源是resource而不是source。问题:3. 原文：中国是一个发展中的

27、沿海大国。 译文：China is a big developed coastal country. 改译： 答案: China is a big developing coastal country.解析 发展中国家是developing country; developed country是发达国家。问题:4. 原文：五四运动是反帝国主义的运动，又是反封建的运动。 译文：The May 4th Movement was an imperialist as well as a feudal movement. 改译： 答案: The May 4th Movement was an anti-

28、imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement.解析 译文中的错误在于没有译出“反”。问题:5. 原文：审查批准机关应在三个月内决定批准或不批准。 译文：The examination and approval authorities shall decide to approve and disapprove the venture after three months. 改译： 答案: The examination and approval authorities shall decide to approve or disapprove t

29、he venture within three months.解析 法律文件用语极为严谨，“批准或不批准”译文中成了“批准和不批准”，显然不正确。另外，三个月内也不能译成三个月后。.Paragraph TranslationsA. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. 问题:1. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people. If our two people are enemies the future of this world we s