2_第2讲　代词

1、栏目索引第第2 2讲讲代词代词栏目索引总纲目录考点考点1 1 人称代词人称代词考点考点2 2 物主代词物主代词考点考点3 3 反身代词反身代词试真题试真题练易练易考点考点4 4 指示代词指示代词考点考点5 5 不定代词不定代词栏目索引总纲目录考点考点1 1 人称代词人称代词考点考点2 2 物主代词物主代词考点考点3 3 反身代词反身代词考点考点4 4 指示代词指示代词诠考点诠考点学易学易思维导图考点清单考点考点5 5 疑问代词疑问代词考点考点6 6 不定代词不定代词考点考点7 7 连接代词和关系代词连接代词和关系代词栏目索引试真题练易考点考点1 1 人称代词人称代词 1.(2018云南)Onc

2、e upon a time, there was a man called Zheng. lived in a small town.(D)A.TheyB.IC.SheD.He2.(2017云南改编)Jim painted only on half of the paper, and the other half was always empty. Nobody else did that like !(A)A.himB.usC.herD.them3.(2017昆明)Sometimes he (him) can make the stick so small that he can keep

3、it in his ear.试真题练易栏目索引试真题练易考点考点2 2 物主代词物主代词4.(2018昆明改编)At about the same time, the United States had own space station, called Skylab. (C)A.themB.theyC.its 5.(2017昆明)Excuse me, whats your name? name is Betty. (A)A.MyB.HisC.Her D.Your栏目索引试真题练易考点考点3 3 反身代词反身代词6.(2018昆明改编)Watching the tea preparation

4、is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea .(B)A.itB.itselfC.itsD.them7.(2017云南)The little girl is so smart. She can make a cake by herself without help.(she)栏目索引试真题练易考点考点4 4 指示代词指示代词8.(2016昆明)What does Candy have to say to all those (that) young people who want to become famous?栏目索引试真题练易考点考点5 5 不定代词不

5、定代词9.(2018云南)I like the two dresses, but I can only afford of them.I suggest you take the white one.(D)A.allB.bothC.neitherD.either10.(2018云南改编)It took him hours to get to the shop.(B)A.fewB.a fewC.littleD.a little栏目索引试真题练易11.(2017云南)Jack, how was your summer vacation?Just so-so. I decided to go for

6、 my next vacation.(C)A.something wonderfulB.wonderful somethingC.somewhere wonderfulD.wonderful somewhere12.(2017昆明)Some had two tomatoes. had three tomatoes. Some even had five tomatoes.(B)A.AnyB.SomeC.Every栏目索引诠考点学易思维导图思维导图 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易考点清单考点清单考点考点1 1 人称代词人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格的变化人称代词的人称、数和格的变化 数 格人称

7、 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehim theythemsheheritit栏目索引诠考点学易2.人称代词的用法人称代词的用法作用形式例句作主语用主格形式He is a good boy.作动词或介词的宾语用宾格形式Tom told me to wait for him after school.作表语用宾格形式Whos that?Its me.栏目索引诠考点学易数顺序例句单数二、三、一You, he and I are 18.复数一、二、三We, you and they are from China.3.人称代词的语序人称代词的语

8、序第一、二、三人称并列作主语时:栏目索引诠考点学易【知识拓展】【知识拓展】 情况顺序例句第三人称he和she并列或表示男女的姓名并列时男先女后He and she are in the same class.在承认错误、承担责任、长辈对晚辈或长官对下属说话时第一人称通常放在前面It was I and John that broke the window.栏目索引诠考点学易巧学妙记巧学妙记(1)巧记人称代词的排列顺序:人称代词并列观,注意礼貌不闹翻;单数人称二三一,复数代词一二三;若是犯错有麻烦,“我”在前面责任担;两性并用为三单,男先女后是习惯。栏目索引诠考点学易(2)巧记人称代词的用法:人

9、称代词分两格,用法简单有规则;句中主语用主格,若作宾语则宾格;人称代词都有数,单数复数要记得。栏目索引诠考点学易4.he和和she的特殊用法的特殊用法he和she可用来指代动物或无生命的东西。she可用来指月亮、土地、国家及自己心爱的东西。当指代动物时,可用he或she代替,表达亲切的意思。如:Give the dog some food. He is hungry now.My motherland is China. She is getting stronger and stronger.栏目索引诠考点学易5.人称代词人称代词“it”的几种用法的几种用法(1)指代动物、婴儿或不明性别、身

10、份的人。如:Look at the cat! It is lovely.(2)指代上文提到的某样东西。如:Where is my dictionary?I left it right on the desk.(3)指自然现象、时间、距离、温度等。如:Its cloudy today.(4)用来代替指示代词this, that。如:Whats this?Its a flag.栏目索引诠考点学易(5)作形式主语,代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正主语。常用于下列句型中:Its+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.It seems that.Its+adj.+that从句It takes

11、 sb. some time to do sth.(6)作形式宾语,代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正宾语,常用在动词find, think, make等后。如:I found it important to learn English well.栏目索引诠考点学易(7)用于强调结构中,强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语、宾语或状语,不强调谓语),其结构为“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+句子的其他成分”。如:It was Li Ming that helped me last week.栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练1.(2018北京)My brother and I li

12、ke football. play it together once a week.(C)A.IB.TheyC.WeD.You2.(2018 上海)My father is a good doctor. works hard to help his patients. (A)A.He B.Him C.HisD.Himself栏目索引诠考点学易3.(2018 青岛)Jack is happy. Ms. Wang, an excellent teacher, teaches math this term.( B)A.heB.himC.himselfD.his4.(2018 山西)In our li

13、ves, our parents give us love and warmth. In return, we should understand and care about .( C)A.usB.youC.them5.(2019原创)His friends called “The Little Scientist”.(B)A.heB.himC.himselfD.his栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点2 2 物主代词物主代词物主代词是用来表示所有关系的代词。1.物主代词的分类物主代词的分类 数 类别人称 单数复数形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryour

14、syouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits栏目索引诠考点学易2.物主代词的用法类别作用例句形容词性物主代词作定语This is her computer.名词性物主代词作主语This isnt your pen. Yours is on that table.作宾语I cant find my pen. Can I use yours?作表语This computer is hers.栏目索引诠考点学易醒神提点醒神提点(1)形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,用于名词前作定语,相当于形容词。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,具有名词的特征,

15、后面不带名词,须单独使用。(2)物主代词前后不能有this, that, some, a, an, the等词修饰。如不能说the my right hand。(3)当表示强调时,形容词性物主代词可与own连用,意为“某人自己的”。如:my own room。栏目索引诠考点学易巧学妙记巧学妙记(1)巧记物主代词的用法:物主代词两类型,用法形式得记清;形容词性作定语,后跟名词不独行;名词性,单独用,主宾表语它都行。栏目索引诠考点学易(2)巧记物主代词的用法:有名则用形,无名则用名。说明:“有名则用形”是说在名词前面用形容词性物主代词;“无名则用名”指的是其后没有名词时就要用名词性物主代词。栏目索

16、引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练6.(2018重庆A卷)Im surprised at the new look of hometown.(C)A.IB.meC.myD.mine7.(2018重庆B卷)Hua Chenyu is very popular among teenagers. He is also favorite singer.( C)A.I B.meC.my D.mine8.(2018河北)Please come in, Alice. Welcome to house.( C)A.herB.hisC.myD.your栏目索引诠考点学易9.(2018南京)The schools in

17、 Qinhuai District will develop the museum courses suitable for children during school time.( B )A.theyB.theirC.themD.theirs10.(2018广东)Boxing Day, the 26th of December, got name from a time when many rich families gave boxes of gifts to poor people who had to work at Christmas.( B )A.itsB.itsC.onesD.

18、one栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点3 3 反身代词反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”等概念的代词称为反身代词。 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身代词的形式反身代词的形式醒神提点醒神提点第一、二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+self/selves”构成;第三人称的反身代词由“人称代词的宾格+self/selves”构成。栏目索引诠考点学易用法用法位置位置例句例句作宾语动词或介词之后He can take care of himself.作表语系

19、动词之后The poor boy in the story was myself.作同位语名词或代词之后或句末I myself did it.=I did it myself.醒神提点醒神提点 (1)反身代词不能单独用作主语,也不能作定语。如果想表示“属于某人自己的”,多用“名词+of ones own”或“ones own+名词”形式。 (2)若宾语与主语指同一个人,则用反身代词作宾语;若宾语与主语不是指同一个人,则用人称代词宾格作宾语。2.反身代词的用法反身代词的用法栏目索引诠考点学易3.常见的带有反身代词的固定习语常见的带有反身代词的固定习语(1)help oneself to 随便吃,

20、随便用(2)enjoy oneself 过得愉快;玩得开心(3)leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下(4)by oneself 单独;独自(5)learn by oneself=teach oneself 自学(6)come to oneself 苏醒(7)say to oneself 自言自语(8)make oneself at home 别拘束(9)dress oneself 自己穿衣(10)for oneself为自己栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练11.(2018上海)Jessie cooked a meal for her big family by herse

21、lf on New Years Eve. (she)12.(2018长春)My sister learned to skate by herself . Nobody helped her.13.(2018广东改编)He will look back to this experience and keep telling himself ,“one brick at a time”.(he)14.(2019原创预测)She could read by herself at the age of four.(she)栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点4 4 指示代词指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事

22、物的代词。1.指示代词的分类指示代词的分类单数复数this (这个)these (这些)that (那个)those (那些)另外,为了学习的方便,我们把such, so, the same也归到这一类。栏目索引诠考点学易2.指示代词的用法指示代词的用法(1)this和these一般用来指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that和those则指时间或空间上较远的人或物。如:This is my bedroom. That is your bedroom.(2)指示代词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。(3)打电话时用that询问对方是谁,用this做自我介绍。如:This is Mary speak

23、ing. Whos that?(4)this往往指下面将要讲到的事情,而that则常指前面已经讲述过的。如:He was ill. Thats why he didnt go to school.栏目索引诠考点学易(5)为了避免重复,常用that代替前面提到过的不可数名词或单数可数名词,those代替复数可数名词。如:The apples on the table are bigger than those (=the apples) in the basket.(6)such具有名词和形容词的性质,在句子中可用作主语、宾语、表语等,常用于“such+ a/an+ 单数可数名词”或“such+

24、 复数名词”结构。如:I dont like such a book.(7)the same往往指刚刚提到过的同一个或同样的人或事物。如:The same happened to me.栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练15.(2019原创预测)Life today is much better than in the old days.( C )A.oneB.thisC.thatD.it栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点5 5 疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词用来进行提问,构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词用法例句who作主语、宾语、表语Who is coming here tomorrow?whomwho的宾格形式

25、,作宾语Whom are you looking for?whosewho的所有格形式,作主语、宾语、定语或表语Whose pen is this?what作主语、表语、宾语、定语What colour do you like?which作主语、定语、宾语Which is better, tea or water?栏目索引诠考点学易醒神提点醒神提点1.疑问代词作主语时,通常使用陈述句语序,谓语动词往往用单数形式。如:Who teaches you English?2.在口语中who可以替代whom,但是介词前置后就必须用whom。如:For whom did you wait just now

26、?3.who与what作表语(指人)时的区别:who询问人的身份,多指姓名;what询问人的职业。4.what和which作定语时的区别:what指“什么”“哪种”,不限制范围;which指在一定范围内的人或物中进行选择。栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练16.(2018福建) does Liu Chuanjian do?Hes a pilot of Sichuan Airlines. Hes a hero!( A )A.WhatB.WhereC.When栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点6 6 不定代词不定代词 不具体指明代替哪个特定名词的代词叫不定代词,兼有名词和形容词的功用,在句子中主要用作主语

27、、宾语、表语或定语。(一一)普通不定代词普通不定代词1.初中阶段常见的普通不定代词初中阶段常见的普通不定代词some, anyfew, littleother, anothermany, muchboth, either, neitheroneeach, everynone, all栏目索引诠考点学易2.普通不定代词的用法普通不定代词的用法(1)some与any相同点均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”,即不确定的数量、数目不同点some一般用于肯定句中,也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,用于肯定句时表示“任何一个/一些”

28、栏目索引诠考点学易(2)both, either与neither相同点均用于两个人或物不同点both指“两者都”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,其反义词为nei-thereither指“两者中的任意一个”。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数neither指“两者中没有一个”。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数栏目索引诠考点学易相同点均用于三个或三个以上的人或物不同点all指“三个或三个以上的人或物都”。作主语时,谓语动词用复数,其反义词为nonenone指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个”(3)all与none醒神提点醒神提点no one一般只指人,不能接of短语,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。no

29、ne既可以指人也可以指物,其后可跟of短语,作主语时谓语动词用单复数均可。栏目索引诠考点学易(4)much, many, little, few, a little与a few含义用法 很多,许多一些;少数几个(肯定)很少;几乎没有(否定)修饰可数名词manya fewfew修饰不可数名词mucha littlelittle栏目索引诠考点学易不定代词用法other 泛指“另外的人或物”,一般用作定语,修饰复数名词the other常与one连用,构成“one.the other.”,表示“两个中的另一个人或物”;作定语修饰复数名词时,特指两部分或两者以上中剩下的全部others泛指“其他的人或

30、物”(不是全部),相当于“other+复数名词”,常构成“some.others.”结构the others特指“其余所有的人或物”,相当于“the other+复数名词”another泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”(5)other, the other, others, the others与another栏目索引诠考点学易(6)each与everyeachevery作主语、宾语、定语、同位语,可单独使用仅作定语,不可单独使用着重同类东西的个别性着重同类东西的共同性指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”指三个或三个以上的人或事物中的“每个”可与of搭配不可与of搭配不可以与not连用与no

31、t连用构成部分否定【知识拓展】【知识拓展】every day意为“每天”,是副词;everyday是形容词,意为“每天的,日常的”,作定语。栏目索引诠考点学易醒神提点醒神提点相互代词相互代词有each other和one another两种形式,两者用法基本相同,都表示两者或两者以上之间的相互关系或行为。相互代词在句中作宾语有s所有格形式。如:People can use QQ to talk with each other/one another.We didnt know each others names.栏目索引诠考点学易(7)one的用法one指代同名异物的可数名词,表泛指意义。复数用ones。one和ones前有the, this, that, these或those等限定词时,表示特指某(些)人或物。如:This problem is harder than that one.单独使用,泛指“人”“一个人”“人们”,所有格是ones,反身代词是oneself。栏目索引诠考点学易醒神提点醒神提点it, one和th