虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结

1、虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法先看一道高考题： more attention the trees could have grown better A Given B To give C Giving D Having given(答案是A )句中the trees could have grown better*是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如 何表达假设条件的形式 如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式 Hlf they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better ” 来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下

2、，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下 文或句中内在的逻辑矢系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为”含蓄条件句”。含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定 式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下：一、介 词短语常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替 换。(1 ) without withwithout表示否定的条件，童为if - not ; with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如：Without a

3、ir , there would be no living things .(without air = if there were no air)没有空 气 便没有生物。With her help(= If I had her help)， I would do the experiment well 假如有她帮助，我就 可以把这个实验做好。(2 ) underUnder the leadershipof a less experiencedperson，the experiment would have failed ( under = If there had been the lead

4、ership of a less experiencedperson )假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。(3 ) inI would have lost my head in that position ( in that position = if I had been in that po sition )我处在那种情况下,是会 丧失理智的。(4)but forBut for their help(= If it were not for their help), we could not get over the difficultie s 要不是他们的帮助我们 是克

5、服不了这些困难的。二连接词or，otherwise but but that等等Pm really busy，otherwise(= if Iwerentso busy)， Iwouldcertainlygo with you 我确实太忙了。不然的话，我一定和你一块去。But that I saw it(=If I had notseen it)，I could nothavebelievedIt 要个是亲眼看见的话，我是不会相信的。三、分词短语United(= If theyhad been united)，theywould nt havebee ndefeated他们要是团结起来，就不会

6、被打败0Seen from a highmountain(=If it wereseen from ahigh mountain)，the field in which wheat is growing would look like a great green sea 倘若从高ill上看 / 麦田就像一片碧绿的 大海。四、动词不定式短语It would be only partly right to answer in this way -(= if we answered in this way)如 果这样回答，只对一部分。To hear him speak English(= If on

7、e were to hear him speak English)，one would think him an Englishman 要是听他讲起英语来，人们会认为他是一个英国人。五、形容词或其比较级的形式A less difficult problem would have already been solved (= If the problem had been Iess difficult，it would have already been solved)要是问题不那么难的话，它早就被解决了。An honest man would not do such a thing (= If

8、 he were an honest man，he would not do such a thing )诚实的人是不会做这种事的。六、名词An honest ma n would no t say this -(= If the ma n were honest，he would nt say this )一个诚实的人，就不会说这种话。Who but a fool(= If one were a fool，one)would believe his words 除了傻瓜 / 谁会相信他的话！七、”名词+ and”的结构One step further and you would be dead .(二 If you took one step further 9 you would be dead )再往前走步，你 就会死。八、独立主格结构或由With引导的复合结构All things con sidered(= If all things were con sidered ) , the price would be reas on able 女口 果全面考虑起来，f介格口J能是合理的。it would be de