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1、被动语态:被动语态:1.四种基本被动语态四种基本被动语态一般现在时被动语态:一般现在时被动语态: am / is / are + doneBasketball is enjoyed by us.一般过去时被动语态:一般过去时被动语态: was / were + donePotato chips were invented by mistake.一般将来时一般将来时: will/shall + be + done is/are going to be doneThe meeting will be put off .情态动词情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词动词的过去分词(can, may, m
2、ust, should)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 时态体现在时态体现在be动词上,过去分词是不变动词上,过去分词是不变的。的。 2.被动语态几种特殊结构被动语态几种特殊结构1)make/see/hear/watch/notice/ sb do改成改成被动语态后必须带被动语态后必须带toI watched him play football yesterday.He was watched to play football yesterday.His mother makes him study every
3、day.He is made to study every day by hismother.2)动词短语后的动词短语后的介词介词不能省略不能省略Old people should be taken good care of.Paper is used to write on.3).没有被动语态没有被动语态动词动词sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上某事发生在某人身上sth take place 某事发生某事发生belong to 属于属于come out 出版出版,发行发行,开放开放break out 爆发爆发 break down 出故障出故障,停止运停止运转转remain
4、 留下留下,剩余剩余,被遗留被遗留His book came out.An accident happened to her.Great changes have taken place here.系动词系动词(feel, look, smell, taste, sound)摸摸/看看/闻闻/尝尝/听起来听起来The cloth feels very soft. The idea sounds good.主动式表被动主动式表被动write, sell, wash, read, clean, wear, lock, cook, eat, drink +adv The book sells wel
5、l. 用主动表被动用主动表被动区别区别sell out 卖光卖光 The books are sold out.4).need两种表达两种表达The flowers need watering.The flowers need to be watered.5)have/get sth done 使使sth被做被做have hair cuthave the tooth pulled outget the ears piercedhave the car repaired剪发剪发拔牙拔牙打耳洞打耳洞修车修车Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢能随
6、之起舞的音乐。1. prefer= like better 更喜欢更喜欢prefer preferring, preferred1).prefer sth 更喜欢更喜欢 I prefer apples.2). prefer sth to sth 和和相比更喜欢相比更喜欢 和香蕉相比我更喜欢苹果。和香蕉相比我更喜欢苹果。 I prefer apples to bananas.3).prefer to do sth prefer doing sth 更喜欢做更喜欢做;宁愿做宁愿做I prefer to stay at home.I prefer staying at home. 4). prefe
7、r doing sth to doing sth和做和做 相比更喜欢做相比更喜欢做 = prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做宁愿做 而不愿做而不愿做 = would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做宁愿做 而不愿做而不愿做 他宁愿呆在家里他宁愿呆在家里 也不愿出去。也不愿出去。He prefers staying at home to going out. He prefers to stay at home rather than go out. He would rather stay at home than go ou
8、t. 5).prefer not to do sth 更喜欢不做更喜欢不做 名词或代词名词或代词I like music that I can sing along with.I love singers who write their own music.定语从句结构:定语从句结构: +2).关系词关系词 一般情况下一般情况下先行词先行词是是人人时时,关系代词用关系代词用that /who whom(在从句中只做宾语在从句中只做宾语)先行词先行词是是物物时时,关系代词用关系代词用that/which当当先行词先行词包括包括人和物人和物,关系词只能用关系词只能用that2.定语从句定语从句先行
9、词关系词定语从句先行词关系词定语从句先行词关系词+定语从句The man that /who wears glasses is my uncle.先行词是人先行词是人I like music that/which isnt loud.先行词是物先行词是物They talked about the things and persons that they remembered. 先行词是人和物先行词是人和物The girl that/who/whom you saw just now comes from Australia. 先行词是人先行词是人Jim is the boy for whom
10、you are looking. 先行词是人先行词是人(介词后介词后,关系词指代人做宾语只能用关系词指代人做宾语只能用whom)定语从句中定语从句中谓语动词谓语动词的单复数的单复数与先行词保持一致与先行词保持一致5).who/that /which在从句中可担任主语在从句中可担任主语或宾语或宾语; whom(在从句中只做宾语在从句中只做宾语)The scientist we will visit is famous. The girl that /who/whom宾语宾语 you talked about last night cant see anything. 6). 先行词先行词指物时指
11、物时只能用只能用that而不能用而不能用which 的几种常见情况:的几种常见情况:先行词为先行词为all, much, none, little, fewanything, everything, nothing, something 等等不定代词不定代词时。时。如:如:There is nothing that can stop him from doing it. 先行词前有先行词前有the very, the only, the same,the last, the next, the one等修饰时。如:等修饰时。如:This is the very pen (that) you b
12、ought yesterday. 这正是你昨天买的笔。这正是你昨天买的笔。 The only thing that they can do is to wait. 先行词前先行词前有序数词或最高级有序数词或最高级等修饰时。如:等修饰时。如:This is the second computer that father has just bought. This is the most interesting film that was shown last week. 当先行词当先行词既有人,又有物既有人,又有物时。如:时。如: Sally is talking about the write
13、r and his book that she likes. 7)当先行词指物时当先行词指物时,只能用只能用which而不能用而不能用that的场合的场合1. 关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时。如:。如:This is the house in which Tom once lived. 2. 在非限定性定语从句在非限定性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,如果去掉逗号,即通常用逗号与主句隔开,如果去掉逗号,整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句)中。中。They are talking about the TV play, which they saw l
14、ast night. 他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视剧。他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视剧。 8).Who,that在指人可以通用,在指人可以通用,但下列但下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行词是先行词是anyone, someone, those时,时,关系词使用关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall must be on time. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2).在在there be 句型中,先行词指人句型中,先行词指人,关系词关系词用用who There is an old ma
15、n who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.拓展部分拓展部分,尽力而为尽力而为9).在定语从句中:在定语从句中:one of +名词复数作主语时名词复数作主语时,从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用复数形式复数形式;the (only, very, right) one of+名词复数作主语时名词复数作主语时,从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用单数形式单数形式He is one of the boys who were saved.He is the only one of the boys who was sav
16、ed.区别:在非定语从句中区别:在非定语从句中 one of +名词复数名词复数+谓语单数谓语单数One of the boys becomes a famous singer.One of them is very cute.I love music that I can dance to.4.have great lyricswrite ones own music 自己作曲自己作曲, 10.cant stand sth/ doing sth 12.feel like doing想要做想要做-=want to do=would like to doI feel like doing som
17、e shopping today.13. stick-stuck-stuck 粘帖;将粘帖;将刺入刺入 stick to坚持,固守坚持,固守,粘附在粘附在上;紧随上;紧随 stick to doing stick to it / one kind of movie14.be down感到沮丧感到沮丧/悲哀悲哀 look down看起来沮丧看起来沮丧/悲哀悲哀15.plenty of+可数可数/不可数不可数 大量大量,充足充足plenty of strawberriesplenty of rain/milk16.shut off关闭关闭,停止运转停止运转=turn off 关关(水水,电器电器)
18、 shut-shut-shut shut the door/window=close the door/17.once in a while偶尔,间或偶尔,间或18.depend on依靠,取决于依靠,取决于depend on you / the weatherdepend on how I feel that day19.cheer me up使我高兴起来使我高兴起来cheer the boy up=cheer up the boy20.try ones best to do/try to do尽力做尽力做21.solve the problem解决问题解决问题22.after watchi
19、ng them在观看他们之后在观看他们之后 without doing sth before doing sth23.much better好得多好得多 even sadder甚至更难过甚至更难过24.less serious没那么严重没那么严重 nothing serious不严重不严重25.provide sb with sth给某人提供什么给某人提供什么 provide sth for sboffer sth to sb offer to do sth主动提出做主动提出做26.enjoy watching喜欢观看喜欢观看an exciting superhero一个令人兴奋的超级英雄一个
20、令人兴奋的超级英雄 superheroes27.in time及时及时28.be afraid of sth./doing sth害怕害怕be afraid to do sth be afraid that+句子句子I am afraid so. 恐怕如此。恐怕如此。I am afraid not. 恐怕不能恐怕不能/恐怕不行。恐怕不行。29.tooto太太以至于不能以至于不能Im too scared to watch them alone.30.scary (事物事物) 吓人的吓人的,可怕的可怕的 scared (人人)害怕的害怕的,吓坏的吓坏的The movie is scary. We
21、 feel scared.31.alone adj.独自的独自的,单独的单独的 be aloneadv.独自的独自的,单独的单独的 V.+alone watchalonelive alone / stay at home alonelonely adj. 孤独的,寂寞的;荒凉的孤独的,寂寞的;荒凉的feel lonely be lonely a lonely village/island32.not-anymore不再不再-;再也不再也不33.action movies 动作片动作片 cartoons卡通片卡通片documentary-documentaries纪录片纪录片 dramas 戏剧
22、戏剧 thrillers (scary movies)恐怖片恐怖片comedy-comedies喜剧片喜剧片 tragedy-tragedies悲剧片悲剧片34.intelligent adj.有才智的,聪明的有才智的,聪明的 intelligence n. 智力,聪明,智慧智力,聪明,智慧I like friends who are intelligent.35.Some of the singers dont sing the words clearly.一些歌手一些歌手 吐词不清晰。吐词不清晰。some of +可数名词可数名词/不可数名词不可数名词 中的中的一些一些Some of th
23、e boys sing English songs.Some of the milk goes bad.sing the words clearly 动副搭配 :类似:sing songs well , speak French wellone of+(adj最高级最高级)+n复数复数+谓语动词单数谓语动词单数 之一之一He is one of the tallest students in our class.One of us likes basketball.36. suppose推断推断,料想料想,猜想猜想I suppose (that) I will listen to this CD.37.Au
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