高中英语必修三module5gramma

1、The Attributive clause The Attributive clause 定语从句定语从句GrammarShe is a beautiful girl who is from Korea.She is a famous actress who is getting married.She is a beautiful,_girl.He is a little boy.He is eating . He is a little boy who is eating.She is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句

2、：在英语复合句中，由在英语复合句中，由关联关联 词引导词引导，修饰，修饰句中的句中的名词、代词名词、代词，有时也修饰，有时也修饰主句的一部份或整个主句的一部份或整个句子的从句句子的从句称为定语从句。称为定语从句。它分为：它分为：限制性限制性定语从句和定语从句和非限制性非限制性定语从句。定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词先行词。关系代词关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）关系副词关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只

3、作状语。在句中只作状语。引导词引导词先行词先行词引导词（从句中作主语）引导词（从句中作主语）定语从句定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause 限制性定语从句用于对主句先行词加以限制性定语从句用于对主句先行词加以限制限制或或分类分类，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从主句和从句之间不能用逗号分开句之间不能用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明补充说明，没有它不影响主句意思的完整，没有它不影响主句

4、意思的完整，常用逗号把主常用逗号把主句和从句分开句和从句分开。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clause This is the book (that) I was looking for. All those who have booked dinner please go to the restaurant now?I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.Last years winner presented

5、the cup, which each holder keeps for the year.注意：非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词注意：非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。不能省略。啥时用关系代词啥时用关系副词呀！ 选用关系词，需要看两点选用关系词，需要看两点： 1. 看看先行词先行词 2.根据关系词在从句中根据关系词在从句中充当的成分。充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语，表语做主语，宾语，定语，表语做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语口语表所属关系whowhomwhichthatwhose关系代词的一般用法关系

6、代词的一般用法That 也可以作_Mary is not the girl that she was表语1. 关系代词关系代词who 和和whom 在运用中的注意点在运用中的注意点 who 既可在从句中作主语，也可作宾语。既可在从句中作主语，也可作宾语。whom在在从句中只能作宾语。从句中只能作宾语。 介词后的宾语只能是介词后的宾语只能是whom.The man who/ whom you talked about has come.The man about whom you talked has come.(3) 注意分析关系代词在从句中究竟是作主语还是宾语。注意分析关系代词在从句中究竟是

7、作主语还是宾语。 This is Professor Li, who I think has something interesting to tell us.I think 是插入语是插入语，若去掉，若去掉I think，从句仍是完整的，从句仍是完整的句子：句子：who has something interesting to tell us。关系代词关系代词who作主语。作主语。2. 只能用关系代词只能用关系代词that的情况的情况 先行词是先行词是something, everything, much, little, few, all, any, none等等不定代词时，或先行词被不定

8、代词时，或先行词被all, every, few, little, much, some, any等等词所修饰时。词所修饰时。 当先行词被当先行词被形容词最高级形容词最高级或被或被序数词序数词修饰时。修饰时。 当先行词被当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that I lost yesterday.(4) 关系代词关系代词既指人又指物既指人又指物时。时。I wont forget the things and the persons that I saw.(5) 当当先行词在从句和主

9、句中都作表语先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时时.China is no longer the country that she was.(6)当先行词为疑问代词，或主句是以当先行词为疑问代词，或主句是以who或或which开头的特殊疑问开头的特殊疑问句时，句时，避免重复避免重复。(7) 在在There/ Here be句型句型中。中。Who that has been helped by him can forget his heroic action?Here is the paper that you left behind the other. 1、非限制性定语从句中。 e.g. Mary

10、 has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.4.As作关系代词作关系代词1.引导限制性定语从句引导限制性定语从句，用在，用在“such as”, “the same as/the same as”“so/asas”等结构中，等结构中，e.g He wished to be such a man as

11、Lei Feng was.The teacher gave the students so difficult a problem _ no one could work out.He is not the same man _ he used to be.2. 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代它前面的，用来指代它前面的整个句子整个句子(即先行句即先行句)，意思是，意思是“这一点这一点”。这个。这个分句可以放在句首，句中，或句末。分句可以放在句首，句中，或句末。e.gThis elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.As is

12、 well known, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.3.若非限制性定语从句位于句首，句中或句末，若非限制性定语从句位于句首，句中或句末， 则用则用as来引导。来引导。e.g As we expected, he completed his task with great success. The compass was invented in China, as we know now.4.若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是 be said, be known,be expected, be reported

13、, be announced等结构时，不论是在句首，句中，等结构时，不论是在句首，句中， 句句末，都必须末，都必须as用来引导用来引导. e.gAs is known to us, Taiwan is part of China.关系副词指代先行词所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语原因原因时间时间2 关系副词的用法关系副词的用法地点地点5. 关系副词关系副词when, where和和why在运用中注意的问题。在运用中注意的问题。 when指代时间，指代时间，where指代地点，指代地点，why指代原因，相指代原

14、因，相当于一个相应的当于一个相应的介词介词 + which。 He wont forget the day when/ on which he had his leg broken in the traffic accident. Stratford-on-Avon is the place where/ in which Shakespeare was born. Small children dont really know the reason why/ for which Father Christmas will come and bring them presents during

15、 their sleep.(2) where引导的定从还可以修饰如引导的定从还可以修饰如case, condition, point, position, situation, system等表示等表示“情况情况, 方面方面”等名词。等名词。 They were in a difficult situation where all efforts were in vain. We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.介词介词+关系代词中的介词取决关系代词中的介词取决 如1.The school _ which (wh

16、ere) he once studied is very famous.2.This is the boy _ whom I played tennis yesterday.3.He loves his parents deeply, both _whom are very kind to him.inwithof 定语从句中它与动词的搭配定语从句中它与动词的搭配 与先行词的关系与先行词的关系定语从句其他注意点 必须搞清楚必须搞清楚which, who或或whom引导的是定语从句，引导的是定语从句，而而以以and连接的是并列句连接的是并列句。 He failed to keep his pro

17、mise, which disappointed me. = He failed to keep the promise, and that disappointed me. He has a lot of magazines, some of which are about sport. = He has a lot of magazines _ are about sport. There are fifty students in the class, _ are girls. There are fifty students in the class and three-fifths

18、of them are girls.and some of themthree-fifths of whom(2) 分析含有插入语的定语从句。分析含有插入语的定语从句。经常在定语从句中作插入语的有：经常在定语从句中作插入语的有：I (we) believe/ think/ knowevery body believes/ thinks/ knowsJim is the new comer who I believe has great potential.若认为该句的关系代词作若认为该句的关系代词作I believe的宾语而用的宾语而用whom是是错误的，错误的，因为因为I believe 的

19、宾语不是的宾语不是whom一个词，而是一个词，而是who has great potential整个句子整个句子，因此关系代词在从，因此关系代词在从句中是作主语的。句中是作主语的。(3) 区别定语从句和强调句。区别定语从句和强调句。 It was the company that he talked about. It was in the company that he worked for ten years.判断依据：去掉判断依据：去掉”It isthat”句子结构是否完整。句子结构是否完整。 wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the b

20、ook.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book. where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型(4) 定语从句中的主谓一致问题。定语从句中的主谓一致问题。定语从句中动词的单复数定语从句中动词的单复数取决于先行词取决于先行词。先行词是先行词是集体名词集体名词时，指整体时，关系代词用时，指整体时，关系代词用which，在从句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如集体名词是在从句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如集体名词是指其中的成员，则关系代词用指其中的成员，则关系代词用who或或whom，在从句中，在从句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数。作主语时，谓语动词

21、用复数。The football team, which is playing well, will come out first.The football team, who are having a rest, will give an interview to the reporters.one of +复数名词复数名词 + 定语从句定语从句，从句的谓语动词用，从句的谓语动词用复数复数the (only) one of +复数名词复数名词 + 定语从句定语从句，从句的谓语，从句的谓语动词用动词用单数单数。This is one of the movies which have pleas

22、ed me.This is the only one of the movies which has pleased us.2021/3/1022（2012安徽卷-29 ）lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. This（2012重庆卷-29）Sales director is a p

23、osition _ communication ability is just as important as salesA. which B. that C. when D. where2021/3/1023（2012江苏卷-22）After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what(2012北京卷-26) When deeply absorbed

24、 in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 2021/3/1024（20112湖南-34） Care of the soul is a gradual process _even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which （2012山东-23） Maria has written two novel

25、s, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what2021/3/1025（2012天津卷-7） I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A.who B. whose C. whom D. which（2012浙江卷-9） We live in an age_ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which2021/3/1026（2012浙江卷-17） Ellen