人教版英语选修六第三单元知识点

1、U3(选修六)Words and expressionsn.滥用，妄用；虐待，辱骂弊病，陋习vt. 滥用 ,妄用 ,虐待. He abused his power while in office. 他在职时滥用权力。 Those captives were physically abused. 那些俘虏遭受了肉体 上的摧残drug abuse 滥用毒品child abuse 虐待儿童abuse one s position o/ wp er 滥用职权 /权利abuse a privilege 滥用特权2. stress1) n.压力；重音,重读be under (the) stress (of

2、) 在压力下suffer from stress 遭受压力the stresses and strains of modern life 现代生活的压力和紧张 强调，重要性. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education.2) vt. 加压力于 ； 重读 ； 强调. He stressed the importance of the task.1) n.禁令，禁止 aban on sth2) vt.禁止，取缔ban sb. from (doing) sth. 公布禁令impose a ban 解除禁令lift

3、 a ban. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags.4. due to 归因于 , 归功于. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因 于你驾驶不小心。be due to do sth 定于某时做某事. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow.可以被 caused by 所代替The train is due in five minutes.( 预定的，预期的)My rent isn t due till Wed

4、nesday!期的，立即支付的)In due course 在适当的时候after due consideration 经适当考虑之后because of 由“于,较口语化，只作状语 owing to 较正式，须用逗号与主句隔开 thanks to多亏了 ,多用于正面的意义as a result of 因为“as a result 副短, 因“此therefore 副词，“此so并列连词，“此because of ,due to , owing to , on account of 和 thanks to 的 用法比拟这一词都表示 由于的意思，在使用时应该注意以下区别：1. because o

5、f意为 由于，因为，强调因果关系，在句中仅 作状语，修饰句中的一局部，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。女口： We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback.我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。2. owing to与because of 一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。如：They decided to cancel the flight , owing tothe storm .由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这个航班。His death was owing

6、to an accident .他死于一场事故。3. due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与 owing to同义，作状语时，一般不与 其他成分隔开。不用于句首。如：This accident was due to (owing to ) his careless driving . 这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。He arrived late due to (owing to ) the storm .由于暴风雨他 来晚了Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences . 由于疏忽

7、大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。4. on account of 与 because of，owing to 同义，但语气较为 正式。可作状语、表语，不作定语。如：He could not come on account of his illness .他因病不能前来。 That was on account of lack of exercise .那是由于缺乏锻炼。5. thanks to表示 幸亏，多亏多用于表达正面意思，相当 于感谢，在句中作状语和表语。女口： Thanks to your advice , much trouble was saved . 多亏 你的建议，减少了许多

8、麻烦。1The wire is tougher than that.坚韧的，不易磨损的2You need to be tough enough tosurvive in the jungle. 坚忍 不拔的，吃苦耐劳的3a tough criminal 粗暴的，凶暴的4 tough measures to deal with terrorism强硬的，严厉的5 a tough assignment / problem / choice棘手的，困难的6a tough steak 硬的，老的1V.dress doesn t fit me.cant fit any more chairs into

9、the room. 容纳3. be fitted with handles 安装4. His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims. 他的想法和我 们的目标不完全一致。与.相一致，相协调2Adj. keep fit be fit for / to doThe book is fit suitable for children.The fresh air is fit to breath. 反义词： unfitbe unfit for / to do 区分 fit , suit, matchThese shoes don t fit me. Have

10、you gota larger size这鞋我穿 不适宜。你们有大点的吗That haircut suits you. 那种发型很适合你。The carpets should match the curtains. 地毯应该和窗帘相 配。You can t match him in his knowledgeof wild plants. 在野生 植物知识方面，你无法与他相比。7. addicted adj.对某某上瘾，沉湎于某某 . My children have become hopelessly addicted to television. 我的几个孩子都成了电视迷 , 简直不可救药

11、了。 构词法：addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人 addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾 addictive adj. 使人上瘾的 addict 常用于以下结构： addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于某物be addicted to sth. 专心做某事；上了.的瘾 be addicted to doing sth.parents felt helpless when they found their son had love stories for long.A. addicted B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been addict

12、ed to8. accustom v. 使人习惯于、养成习惯. She found it necessary to accustom her child to getting up early .她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好习惯。常用句式：1) accustom+ 名词 /oneself + to+ 名are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings. 孩子 们很快就会适应新环境。2) be accustomed to + 名词. I am accustomed to walking long distances. 我习惯与长距离步行3

13、) get/become/be accustomed to + 名词. You will soon get accustomed to the job. 你将会习惯于这个 工作。同义词组：be / get / become used to、/. I、, G :注意:在英语中 ,to 有时为动词不定式符号 , 后跟动词原形 ; 有时用 作介词 , 后跟名词、代词、或动名词。下面的这些短语中的 to 均为介词。stick to 坚持 lead to 导致, 通向 pay a visit to 参观sentence sb. to 宣判某人 come to 谈到 , 涉及 see to 处理，负责be

14、 up to 总计devoteto 致力于 get down to 开始 /着手be opposed to / object to 反对bedevoted to 致力于，献身于be attached toadjust (adapt) tobeexposed tolook forward topay attention toattend toto when it comes toThe general refused to withdraw his troops. 收回，撤回 She withdrew all her savings and left the country. 取钱，提 款wit

15、hdrawal symptoms 戒毒过程中出现的病症10. quit 动词 , 过去式和过去分词均为 quit, 现在分词为 quitting, 接动词 -ing 形式, 停“止做. She quit smoking when she got pregnant. 她一怀孕就戒了 烟。归类记忆 :以下动词只能用 -ing 形式作宾语admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny , forbid禁止,fancy想象,finish, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, prevent

16、, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, imagine, postpone推迟,practice, quit, resist抵抗,risk , suggest, tolerate, understandLine 18: I did finally manage.Line 30: I do hope so because I want you to livedo/does/did+ 动词原形，用于肯定句和祈使句中， 表示强调。 注意：只用于强调谓语动词。强调谓语以外的成分可使用：thatIt is/wasIt was when I was doing m

17、y homework that I saw him sleeping.It was I that/who saw him sleeping in class.Do be careful when crossing the street.He does speak English well.Line 19: I didn ktnow, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pr

18、egnant.点拨 该句是一个包含两个宾语从句的主从复合句。 第二个宾语从句 that 不能省略。主句为I didn t knoor连接这两个宾语从句,意为 也不(知 道)。I don t know . or .这个句型译为 我不知道 ,也 不知道女口：I don t know where to go or what to do.我不知道去哪里也不 知道干什么。We believe (that) you are honest and that you ve told us thetruth.我们相信你很老实，也相信你已告诉了我们实情。Line 22: Neither did I know th

19、at my cigarette smoke could affect the heath of non-smokers.Line 1: it is not easy to stop smoking, but millions havemanaged to quit and so can you.neither/nor +be/ 助动词 / 情态动词 , 表示否认的情况so +be/助动词/情态动词，表示肯定的情况。She doesn t like English, neither do I.I have mastered the use of it, so have she.注意：S0+主语+

20、助动词I have finished all my homework, so have she.-She finished all the homework yesterday.-So she did.我已经完成了作业，她也是。-她昨天把所有的作业完成了。-她确实都完成了。Line 27: I knew it was time to quit smoking.It is/was time (for sb) to do sth.It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.It is/was)the first (second )ime t

21、hat sb. have/has done sth./had donesth.It s time for us to study hard该是我们认真学习的时候了It s high time that we studied/should study hard.It s the first time that my classmates and I have got together.昨天晚上是我们第一次同学聚会。Practicing Kongfu strengthens our bodies.We must strengthen our socialist construction.We sh

22、ould strengthen the legal system.He lifted the stone with all his strength.The ability to keep calm is one of his many strengths.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercises to build up his strength.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths and weak

23、nesses.-decision+名词 / 代词The question will be decided by themselves. 问题将由他们自 己决定。to doLast week, a group of Class 3 students decided to go to the museum.+从句Lets first decide where we should go.(=Lets first decide where to go.)It is not decided whether we will go there.It is decided that. ：It is decid

24、ed that we should start tomorrow.注：这种从句要用虚拟语气。 )4.跟介词短语 (跟 on 或 upon ，表示 “就某事做出决定 ：) Dont decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不 要匆忙做出决定。make a decisiondetermine to do / be determined to domake up one s mind (s) to do13. feel like 想要 , 只表示一次的想法 , 后接动词 -ing 形式.It s so hot today. I feel like

25、going swimming天好热啊 , 我 想去游泳。摸起来像,像是. The material feels like silkIt feels like rain.would like to do. I d like to have dinner with you.Line 6: Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.every time在此句中引导时间状语，表示每次的时候Every time I go to see her, she is always

26、 busy working. 每次我 去看她，她总是忙于工作。以下用法均可做连词：the first time 第一次 的时候the moment/minute/instant/ immediately/instantly/directly 就.every time=each time 每次 的时候last time 上次next time 下次by the time 到为止I fell in love with him the first timeI saw him. 第一次见到他 的时候，我就喜欢他了。The last time I saw her, she was working. 最后

27、一次见到她的 时候，她正在工作。I always go too see my best friend immediately we have a holiday. 一放假，我总是去看我最好的朋友。remind sb of sthremind sb to toremind sb that . The story reminded me of an experience I once lived.You must remind him to take his medicine ,in case he forgets. Please remind me that I must return the

28、book before noon.sorry or embarrassed. She is ashamed to ask such a simple question.相关短语： be ashamed of sb./ sthbe ashamed that be ashamed to do What a shame!It s a shame (pity) that 真是遗憾 .16. in spite of 尽管 , 虽然，不顾。后接名词( despite)eg. She cant see very well in spite of her glasses.(despite)尽管戴着眼镜她还是不

29、能看得很清楚。Despite (In spite of) the fact that we tried our best, we didnwin.regardless of 不管，不顾，不理会He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do, regardless of other peoples feelings.The law says everyone is equal, regardless of age, sex, or religion.Though / Although / Even ifEven though it s ha

30、rd work, I enjoy it.Young as / though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.17. get into 陷于 , 染上什么习惯get into the habit of 养成什么习惯。相当于 fall into the habit of 或者 form the habit of. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading.那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。短语联想：get into trouble

31、 惹上麻烦get into debt 负债累累get along / on withget away with get down get inget off get over get through get togetherrisk=in dangertake risks/ a riskat the risk of 冒的危险 /风险at your own risk 自担风险run the risk of 冒险做某事 risk doingOf the four people in the car accident,only one survived.Many customs have survi

32、ved from earlier times. 许多风俗习惯源源流长The old lady has survived her husband. 那老妇人的丈夫先她而去世了He felt lucky to have survived the war. 经历那场战争后能幸存 下来他感到很幸运, probable, likely 的用法It s possible (for )stbo doIt s possible thatIt s probable thatsth is probableIt s likely that .主语 +be likely to dopride and prejudic

33、e 傲慢与偏见She has a prejudice against modern music. 她对现代音乐怀 有偏见。They accused him of having a prejudice against his women employees. 他们指责他歧视女雇员。A new law has been brought in to discourage racial prejudice. 一项反对种族歧视的新法律已被提出。judgement-judge in one s judgeme依t判断judge.from / by 依 判断judging by / from 在句中作状语I

34、n my judgement, he is guilty.We can t judge a book by its cover.Judging from his skin, he comes from Africa.练习： Complete the sentences with words from the text.1. Rice production has increased greatly in China over the last few years, largely super hybrid rice.2. Having lived in Hawaii all his life, he was not tothe cold of Northern Europe.due toaccustomed3. He was of his body so he decided to go on a dietand do more exercise.4. In spite of her wounded leg, she to get up thestairs.5. He told me the same story unti