Unit 1 Friendship

1、Unit 1 Friendship1.Survey: n. 概述，全面评述。常用结构make a general survey of sth. 众观某事 n. 民意调查。常用结构 make a survey，调查某事 vt. 调查，审视。We surveyed the damage caused by the fire. 我们观察了由火灾造成的损失。2.add：vt. and vi. add to增添 Add .to 往里面添加 Add up (together) 合计 Add up to 合计达练习：The natural scenery and the newly-built buildi

2、ngs the beauty of the cityadd to b. add up c. add up to d. get to seven, eight and nine twenty-four.a. add to b. add up to c. add up请各写一句话3. ignore vt. 忽视，对.不予理睬Ignorance n. 无知Ignorant adj. 无知的，不知道的Be ignorant of/ about sb. / sth. 对某人、某事不知道4. upset adj. 使不安，使心烦；打乱，搅乱Vt. 使不安 ；扰乱Vt. 打翻；翻到Calm v. (使)平静

3、；（使）镇定 adj. 平静的，镇定的；沉着的，指无风浪或人的心情不激动【搭配拓展】keep/stay calm保持镇静calm before the storm 暴风雨前的平静clam down 使平静，使平息。【比较】clam， quiet， silent，still： clam 常指天气平静无风，海上无浪，镇静自若，无忧虑。Quiet 表示静止的宁静的，强调没有闹声或扰乱的宁静或心神安宁Silent 表示无声的沉默的Still 表示静止不动的，强调没有动作的状态【例子】1.Ask the children to make less noise and (保持安静)2. Please wh

4、ile Im taking the photo. (stand)3.Although she was frightened, she (保持冷静)。（keep）4.John （保持沉默） about the matter.(keep)5. when you are in danger, its important to keep 在危急、危险情景中保持镇定用calm； 一个人的性情稳定和外表安静用quiet，silent则与声响有关，still与动作有关。5. have got to：必须； 不得不=have to have got to (had got to ) 必须，不得不 1)1 ha

5、ve got to 是have to 的口语形式eg You havent got to change at London Station.2)have got to 的否定形式只有一种： havent got to 疑问式也只有一种形式：Have you got to? 3) have got to 不同于have got, have got 意为“有” eg. I have got a pen.I have got to study hard in order to pass the exanm为了通过考试我必须努力学习7 concern（使）担心；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；（利害）

6、关系The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关Thats no concern of mine. 那不关我的事 be concerned about 关心；挂念He was very concerned about her. 他对她非常关心。As far as one be concerned 就某人而言8 walk the dog 溜狗I walk my dog here every morning.每天早上我都在这一带溜狗。9. loose adj. 1 松开的，自由的，无束缚的*I have one hand loose but the other

7、 is tied. 我的一只手没捆着，另一只手却被捆绑着。 *This dog must not be left loose. 这只狗一定得拴住。2 松的，松动的，不紧的，宽松的; a loose button 快掉的扣子 the loose soil 疏松的土壤 a loose sweater宽松的套衫 10. go through 经历；经受1） . to experience 经历；遭受或忍受; * Id hate to go through such a terrible ordeal again. 我不想再受这种痛苦的经验。2）.仔细检查I went through your hom

8、ework last night .I went through all my pockets but I couldnt find my wallet. 所有的袋子我都找遍，就是找不到我的皮夹。 3） 经过;穿过Go through the gate and you will get there.穿过大门你就会到达那里。4）用完；耗尽 the boys went through the milk.那些男孩把牛奶都喝光了。和go相关的短语：向前，进行 追逐；追求 进展，相处go ahead go after go along 违反，违背 走开；滚开 过去；经过go against go awa

9、y go by 继续 下降；下沉 仔细查看，查阅go on go down go over爱好；从事；致力于 出错；出故障go in for go wrong11. hide awayhide- hid- hiddenvi 躲藏 eg: The thief hid away in a friends house for several weeksafter the robbery .那个盗贼行窃后在朋友家躲藏了几个星期. vt 隐瞒 eg: Why do you hide your thoughts (away )from me ?你为什么对我隐瞒你的想法呢? 12 set down 1)se

10、t down 放下,搁下,使坐下,写下,记下. eg:He was asked to set down the facts just as heremembered them . I set down the note immediately.与set有关的词组 set about(doing)sth 着手干某事eg: They set about making preparations for the party . Set up 建立，开办 I set up a company例子： I am hoping I will ( )my own business someday A set d

11、own B set about C set up13 series 连续，系列series n.连续,系列,一连串 (单复同形) eg: He saw a series of white arrows painted on theroad .他看见马路上画有一连串的白色箭头.A series of lectures on language is prepared by Mr Stone.There is a television series on this channel every night.There has been a series of car accidents at the

12、crossing.14. outdoors adv. 在(向)户外,在(向)野外,其反义词为indoors eg: Children usually prefer playing outdoors . n. 户外, 野外, 其前常加定冠词the,构成the outdoors 户外 I love to be in the great outdoors.outdoor adj.户外的, 野外的(置于名词前). 反义词为indoor eg: an outdoor sportgame 户外运动indoor adj. 屋内的,室内的(置于n.之前) eg: indoor flowers 室内花卉.15.

13、 purpose目的,意图: carry out the purpose实现目标 cover ones true purpose掩盖真实意图on purpose 故意地 ;为了要而特地 He broke the window on purpose. for the purpose of 为了目的 with the purpose of doing sth 怀有目的;目的在于in order to 为了- eg: She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早,图的是得个好位置.与so as to 的区别 ： so as to 一般只放在

14、句中不放句首，而 in order to 句中句首都可以出现 sb. happen to do sth. (似乎)碰巧to be or as if by chanceIf you happen to find it, please let me know.16 At dusk 在黄昏时刻We often go running at dusk .17 entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的It took us an entire week to finish painting the home. 它花去了我们整整一星期的时间才把房子粉刷好。18 entirely adv. 完全地；全然地

15、；整个地 completely, totallyI entirely agree with you. 我完全赞同你。19 power能力；力量；权力。She lost her power of speaking. 她失去了说话的能力20 face to face 面对面地 The two politicians were brought face to face in a TV interview. 这两位从政者曾在一次电视采访中面对面.come face to face with sb=meet sb face to face 与某人碰面. shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩

16、hand in hand 手牵手 heart to heart 心贴心No longer/ not.any longer 不再（no longer 通常位于实义动词之前或系动词、助动词等之后）He no longer needs the bike ./ he does not need the bike any more.He is no longer living here. / he is not living here any more.21 curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布Please draw the curtains. 请把窗帘拉上。22. dusty adj 积满灰尘的n the

17、 summer the town becomes very dusty. 到了夏天,这个城市灰尘弥漫23. no longer /not any longer 不再You are no longer my friend 你不再是我朋友You are not my friend any longer你不再是我朋友24. partner 伙伴合作者合伙人They were partners in crime. 他俩是同谋犯。25. settle 安家；定居；停留vt 使定居；安排；解决The question has been settled. 这个问题已经解决了。The family has s

18、ettled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大26. suffer Suffer V 遭受(痛苦、损害、不愉快的事) We suffered huge losses.固定搭配 ： suffer from 遭受，患有（疾病） Do you often suffer from headaches ？27. loneliness 孤单寂寞Loneliness almost drive her mad.孤独几乎使她发疯了。28. highway公路A lot of accidents have happened on that subway在那条公路上一进发生了很多起事故29. recover

19、痊愈；恢复She has recovered her health. 她已恢复了健康t took a long time for him to recover from a bad cold. 他患重感冒,很长时间才康复。30. get/be tired of 对厌烦I am tired of solving problems for you all the time我讨厌一直为你解决问题pack捆扎；包装打行李 n 小包；包裹We packed the books before we moved. 我们在搬迁前把书本捆好了。We leave tomorrow but I havent beg

20、un to pack yet!我们明天动身，但我现在还没开始收拾行李呢！31. pack （ sth ） up 将（东西）装箱打包Do you need me to help you pack up? 你需要我帮你整理行装吗?32. suitcase手提箱；衣箱She packed all her belongings into a suitcase. 她将全部东西都装进了一只手提箱。33. Get along with 用法1：与相处I found it hard to get along with other boys.我发现很难与其他男孩相处。用法2： 进展How is he getti

21、ng along with his English ?他的英语学得怎样？34. gossip 闲话；闲谈She had a gossip with her neighbor. 她与邻居闲聊了一会。35. fall in love 相爱；爱上It is natural that he should fall in love with that beautiful girl.他爱上那位美丽的姑娘是很自然的事。36. exactly 确实如此；正是；确切地You have to do exactly as he said.你必须严格按照他说的去做。Their answers are exactly

22、the same.他们的回答完全一样。37. Disagree V. 不同意固定搭配:disagree with sth /sb 反对某事、某人 disagree on / abut sth 在某方面有分歧 I disagree with you 我不同意你的看法I disagree with any cruelty to animals 我反对虐待动物Dole and Kelly disagree on many aspects of the policy .多文还凯莉在政治问题上有多方面的分歧。38. grateful 感激的；表示谢意的I am grateful to your help

23、.我感激你的帮助39. dislike 不喜欢；厌恶dislike having to get up early. 我不喜欢早起。40. joinShe wants to join the army. 搭配 ：join in 参加活动 I am glad to join in the party. join sb in dong sth 和某人一起做某事He join us in complaining about the restaurant.他和我们一起投诉这家饭店。41. tip 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 vt.倾斜；翻倒He burnt the tips of his fingers

24、. 他烧伤了指尖。We gave the taxi driver a tip. 我们付小费给出租车司机。I gave her a tip on how to make soup. 我教她做汤的诀窍。重要句型：1. should /could have done”本应该做,(但事实上并没有做)”You should have worn the safety belt in the car, and if so, you wouldnt have been hurt.You shouldnt have told Tom the secret.2. Its the first/ second tim

25、e that 某人第一/二次做（用完成时）It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. It is the first, second, third time that sb have/ has done sth It was the first , second, third time that sb had done sth3. she found it difficult to settle她发现难以安顿下来Find+宾语+宾语补足语 该句式表示“发现/觉得处于某种状态。”（

26、1）find+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语Come and join the game. Youll find it interesting.过来做游戏吧，你会觉得很有趣的。We seldom find him out 我们很少发现他外出。When she woke up，she found herself in the hospital.她醒来时发现自己在医院里。（2.）find+宾语+现在分词（宾语与现在分词所表示的动作之间是主谓关系，表示动作的进行或持续）They found the lost child hiding in the cave.他们发现失踪的孩子藏在山谷里。（3.）fin

27、d+宾语+过去分词（过去分词所表示的动作与宾语之间是动宾关系，表示动作的被动，完成）We find the place mach changed.我们发现这个地方变化很大。（4.）find+宾语+名词I find her an easy woman to get along with.我发觉她是个容易相处的女人。（5.）如果变成被动语态，那么宾语就变成了主语，宾补变成了主补。He was found cheating in the examination.他在考试中被发现作弊。（6.）在”find it +adj.+ to do”中it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语后面的动词不定式（短语）类似的动词

28、还有make，think，feel，consider等。I find it quite pleasant to work with you. 4.dare用法。 dare 敢1) dare 可以做实义动词用在_疑问与否定_句中，后接有_to_，有各种形式，如：didnt dare to do sth, wont dare to do sth，doesnt dare to do sth2) dare 可以作为情态动词，后接不带to的动词不定式，即 dare do sth。3)口语中，经常如何使用？_该词的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。请说出此句是哪种用法？But as the moon ga

29、ve far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.(译)How dare you speak to your mother that way? 你怎么敢那样对你妈妈讲话呢？(译）I dare say he will come later. 我敢说他过些时候会来的。(选择）I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say5.强调句1）It was the first time in a year and

30、 a half that Id seen the night face to face.It is the second time that John has held his birthday party.总结特点：it was +序数词+ that had done 某人第几次做某事 it is + 序数词 + that have done(填空) Im not familiar with the town. It is the first time that I have come here_ (come here)It was the fourth time that he had m

31、ade the same mistake.(make the same mistake)这是她第二次给你打电话(ring)。It is the second time that she has rung you.这是他第三次来拜访（visit）我家。It was the third time that he had visited my family. 这是我第一次在动物园里看到老虎。This is the first time that I have seen a tiger in the zoo.2）It is no pleasure looking through dirty curta

32、ins and dusty windows any longer. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 为溅出去的牛奶而哭泣是没用的。（覆水难收） It is terrible shouting in the dormitory in the midnight.深夜在宿舍大喊是可怕的。结构：It is + 形容词/名词 + doing sth. “做某事是”常用形容词或名词：use（有用）, good（有用）, nice, pity, worth, crazy, fun/funny，dangerous(译）在这里等待是没用的。It is no use wa

33、iting here. 帮助他是没用的。他不帮助他自己。It is no good helping him. He doesnt help himself. 在大河里游泳是危险的。It is dangerous swimming in a big river. 在飞机上跳下去是疯狂的。It is crazy jumping from a plane.句子的主语、宾语、状语都可以写进一定的句式里以表示对它的强调。它们是： 1. It is / was + 被强调的部分 + that ( who, which ) + 句子的其他部分, 2. What is / was 这种句式就称为强调句。强调句

34、主要有两种形式： 1. It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that(who,which) + 句子的其他部分 下面我们以两个句子为例来演示强调句的构成。如： 1）Western health-care system are spending huge sums of money 主语 宾语 on the surgical treatment of the disease.状语 西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大。 强调主语 It is Western health-care system that (which) are spending huge sums of mon

35、ey on the surgical treatment of the disease. 正是西方国家医疗保健机构，在心脏病的手术治疗上开支巨大。 强调宾语 It is huge sums of money that ( which ) Western health-care system are spending on the surgical treatment of the disease. 西方国家医疗保健机构在心脏病的手术治疗上，开支确实是巨大的。 强调状语 It is on the surgical treatment of the disease that Western hea

36、lth-care system are spending huge sums of money.西方国家医疗保健机构，就是在心脏病的手术治疗上付出了巨大的开支。 2）Ann Peters husband rushed her to a nearby hospital last night. 主语 宾语 状语 昨晚，安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去附近医院。 强调主语 It was Ann Peters husband that (who) rushed her to a nearby hospital last night. 昨晚，正是安妮.彼德的丈夫，立即送她去了附近医院。 强调宾语 It was

37、 her (she) that (who) Ann Peters husband rushed to a nearby hospital last night.昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送的是她，去附近医院。 强调状语 It was to a nearby hospital that Ann Peters husband rushed her last night.昨晚安妮.彼德的丈夫立即送她去的就是一家附近的医院。 强调状语 It was last night that Ann Peters husband rushed her to a nearby hospital.就是在昨晚，安妮.彼德

38、的丈夫立即送她去附近医院。 要点提示： 1）当原句叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用It is that的句式（如例句1）；当原句叙述的是过去发生的事情则用It was that 的句式（如例句2）。 2）在这种强调句式中，一般用that引出句子的其他部分。如果被强调的部分是表示人的意义的名词时，可以用who代替that引出句子的其他部分；如果被强调的部分是表示事物意义的名词时，可以用which代替that引出句子的其他部分。但是，无论被强调的部分是表示地点、还是表示时间意义的名词，都不可以用where 或者when 。例如： It is that man who (that) is teach

39、ing our English.就是那个人教我们英语。 It was my telephone number which (that) Miss White happened to know. 怀特小姐碰巧知道的就是我的电话号码。 It is in front of the religious leader that the bride and groom stand together to be married.新郎、新娘通常就是一起站在宗教头领面前举行结婚。2）如果被强调的部分是人称代词，应该用该人称代词的主格形式；在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式。 It was she (her)

40、 who told the police.就是她报告警察的。 It was you who we were talking about.我们刚刚谈论的就是你。 3）没有强调句子谓语的强调句，但有其通常的强调手段：do / does / did + 动词原形 。例如： I do believe that he is an honest man. 我的确相信他是老实人。 She does like literature. 她确实喜欢文学。 They did go to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you. 他们昨天的确去看过你，但没见到你。 4）Wh

41、at is / was What is / was 是名词从句结构，也是强调句的另一种构成形式。它常用来强调主语、宾语。如果所叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用What is that的句式；如果所叙述的是过去发生的事情用What was that的句式。例如： What he wishes most is to become a pilot.（强调宾语） 他最希望的是成为一名飞行员。 What interested me most in that movie was the beautiful scenery of Alps. （强调主语）那部电影使我最感兴趣的是阿尔裨斯山那美丽的风景。 Wh

42、at I like is her speaking manner. （强调宾语） 我喜欢的是她说话的风度。 What encouraged us was the example he set for us. （强调主语） 给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样。1. It _ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago.A. was B. are C. were D. had been2. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.A. which B. when C

43、. that D. since3. She said she would go and she _ go.A. didnt B. did C. really D. would4. It was the training _ he had as a young man _ made him such a good engineer.A. what; that B. that; what C. that; which D. which; that5. Were all three people in the car injured in the accident? No, _ only the t

44、wo passengers who got hurt.A. there were B. it were C. there was D. it was6. It was not until 1936_baseball became a regular part of Olympic Games.A. then B. which C. that D. when7. _in 1943_the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A. Only That B. It was Then C. That it was When D. It was

45、 that8. It was on the National Day_ she met with her separated sister.A. that B. where C. when D. which9. _the 1500s_the first European explored the coast of California.A. It was untilthen B. It was not until whenC. It is untilthat D. It was not untilthat10. _in this room that our first meeting was

46、held.A. Just when B. When C. Where D. It was11. It was last night _ I see the comet.A. the time B. when C. that D. which12. It was only with the help of the local guide _.A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescuedC. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then the

47、mountain climber was rescued13. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is14Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself15It was _ he said _ disappointed me.A. what, that B.

48、that, that C. what, what D. that, what16It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.Abecause Bwhich Csince Dthat17. It is _ any wonder that his friend doesnt like watching television much.A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly18It was back home after the experiment.An

49、ot until midnight did he go Buntil midnight that he didnt goCnot until midnight that he went Duntil midnight when he didnt go19Was it in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded _ landing on the moon?A. when, on B. that, on C. when, in D. that, in20. It is these poisonous products _ can cause the sym

50、ptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.A. who B. that C. how D. what21It is the ability to do the job _matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it22. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.A. while B. which C. that D. since23. _ is a fa

51、ct that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It24. It was only with the help of the local guide _.A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescuedC. when the mountain climber was rescuedD. then the mountain climber was rescued

52、25. Who was it _ put so many large stones on the road?A. this B. that C. he D. she26. What a silly mistake it is _ youve made!A. it B. this C. that D. which27. It was the boy _ had been in prison _ stole the money.A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which28. Why was _ that the old woman was sent to prison?A. he B. it C. that D. what29. It was when she was about to go to bed _ the telephone rang.A. since B. as C. that D. then30. It may have been at Christmas _ John gave Mary a handbag.A. before B. who C. thatD. when直接引语变间接引语