必修一英语话题4自然灾害

1、 基础知识自测基础知识自测 1. _ n. 地震地震 2. _ n. 管；导管管；导管 3. _ n. 事件；事件； 大事大事 4. _ n. 运河；水道运河；水道 5. _ n. 砖；砖块砖；砖块 brick earthquake pipe event canal 6. _ n. 掩蔽处；避身处掩蔽处；避身处 7. _ n. 要点；大纲；轮廓要点；大纲；轮廓 8. _ n. 灾难；灾祸灾难；灾祸 9. _ vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 10. _ vi. (burst, burst)爆发爆发burst shelter outline disaster bury 11. _ adj

2、. 极度的极度的 12. _ adv. 真诚地真诚地; 真挚地真挚地 13. _ n. 废墟废墟 vt.毁灭毁灭 14. _ vt. 表示表示; 表达表达 n.快车快车 15. _ n. 裁判员裁判员; vt.断定断定 judge extreme sincerely ruin express (A)单词派生单词派生 二、单词拓展二、单词拓展 1. _ n.矿，矿山矿，矿山 _ n. 矿工矿工 2. _ v. 判断判断 _ n. 判断；辨别力判断；辨别力 judgment mine miner judge 3. _ vt. 损害损害; 伤害伤害 _ n. 损害损害; 伤害伤害 _ adj.受伤的

3、受伤的 4. _ v. 祝贺祝贺; 恭喜恭喜 _ n. 祝贺祝贺; (复数复数)贺词贺词 congratulation injure injury injured congratulate 5. _ adj. 电的电的; 导电的导电的 _ n. 电电; 电流电流; 电学电学 _ adj.与电有关的与电有关的 6. _ v. (使使)惊吓惊吓 _ adj. 受惊的受惊的; 受恐吓的受恐吓的 _ adj. 令人恐惧的令人恐惧的 frightening electric electricity electrical frighten frightened 1. Two players are out

4、 of the team because of _.(injure) 介词后要接名词。介词后要接名词。 2. My personal _ is that he is to blame. (judge) 形容词后接名词构成名词词组作形容词后接名词构成名词词组作 主语。主语。 judgement injury 3. I think it is dangerous for _ (mine) to work in such terrible conditions. miners 意为意为“矿工矿工”。 4. His _ (frighten) eyes made the boy feel_ . 5. B

5、ob left me his _(electric) fan before he went to London. 形容词修饰后面的名词。形容词修饰后面的名词。 frightening frightened electric 感到恐惧的感到恐惧的 令人恐惧的令人恐惧的 1. _ 立刻立刻; 马上马上 2. _ 许多许多; 大量的大量的 3. _ 结束结束; 终结终结 4. _ 严重受损严重受损; 成为废墟成为废墟 三、短语翻译三、短语翻译 in ruins right away a (great) number of at an end 5. _ 掘出掘出; 发现发现 6. _ 仿佛仿佛; 好像

6、好像 7. _ 代替代替 8. _ 像往常一样像往常一样as usual dig out as if instead of 9. _ 被困住被困住, 被套住被套住 10. _ 横切横切 11. _ 三分之二三分之二 12. _ 灾害侵袭的地区灾害侵袭的地区disaster-hit areas be trapped cut across two thirds 四、语篇填空四、语篇填空 At 3:42 a.m. everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometres 1 _(dire

7、ct) below the city, the 2 _(great) earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, 3 _is more than two hundred kilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. directly greatest

8、 which Steam burst from holes 4 _ the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city 5 _ (lie) in ruins. The suffering of the people 6 _(be) extreme. Two-thirds of them died 7 _were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many

9、8 _ (child) were left without parents. in lay was or children 9 _ number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard 10 _(get). People began to wonder ho

10、w long the disaster would last. The to get 1. directly 修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意修饰介词短语作状语，用副词，意 为为“正好正好”在这座城市下面。在这座城市下面。 2. greatest 前有前有the，后有，后有of the 20th century表表 示范围，可以确定用最高级。示范围，可以确定用最高级。 3. which 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先 行词是行词是Beijing。 4. in 说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用说地上有洞，其实是地里有洞，故用in； 类似的墙上有洞，也用类似的墙上有

11、洞，也用in。 5. lay 由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一由上下文中的谓语动词时态可知，用一 般过去时，般过去时，lie的过去时是的过去时是lay。lie in ruins成为成为 废墟。废墟。 6. was 主语是主语是The suffering(痛苦痛苦)，第三人，第三人 称单数，一般过去时，故填称单数，一般过去时，故填was。 7. or 指死了指死了“或者或者”受伤。受伤。 8. children 受受many修饰要用复数。修饰要用复数。 9. The 从后面的数字看是指从后面的数字看是指“数量数量”，表，表 示示“的数量的数量”用用the number of。 10. to g

12、et 在作表语或补语的形容词后只能在作表语或补语的形容词后只能 用不定式作状语。用不定式作状语。 五、语段改错五、语段改错 All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to helping the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those that were trapped and to bury the d

13、ead. of help who To the north of the city, most of the10,000 miners are rescued from the coal mines here. Workers built shelters to survivors whose home had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by the train, truck and plane. Slow, the city began to breath again. breathe homes there Slow

14、ly for were 1. helping help 作目的状语用不定式作目的状语用不定式(to do)。 2. 在在people前加前加of 表示具体几千人不用表示具体几千人不用of， thousand也不用复数，如也不用复数，如three thousand people； 表示数以千计的人，表示数以千计的人，thousands后要加后要加of。 3. that who 当先行词是指人的当先行词是指人的those时，只能时，只能 用用who引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 4. are were 由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过由上下文谓语动词时态可知，用过 去时。去时。 5. here the

15、re 指这座城市北面的煤矿指这座城市北面的煤矿“那里那里”。 6. to for 表示表示“为某人为某人”造庇护所造庇护所/房子，用房子，用 for sb.。 7. home homes 由前面的由前面的shelters和和survivors可可 知，用复数。知，用复数。 8. 去掉去掉by后的后的the 用用by表示表示“乘乘”车车/船船/飞机等，飞机等， 习惯上说习惯上说by bus /train/boat/plane，不用冠词。，不用冠词。 9. Slow Slowly 位于句首，修饰全句，用副词位于句首，修饰全句，用副词 作状语。作状语。 10. breath breathe 表示开始

16、做某事是表示开始做某事是begin to do sth.，故名词，故名词breath要改为动词要改为动词breathe。 重点词汇讲练重点词汇讲练 原句原句 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 城城 市里市里, 一些大楼的水管破裂了。一些大楼的水管破裂了。(B1P26) 1. burst v. 爆裂爆裂; 突发突发 例句例句 The balloon suddenly burst.气球气球 突然爆炸了。突然爆炸了。 burst in闯进来；突然插嘴闯进来；突然插嘴 burst into laughte

17、r=burst out laughing放声大笑放声大笑 burst into tears=burst out crying 放声大哭放声大哭 搭配搭配 When we were chatting in the room, he burst _. 运用运用 填入一个恰当的词。填入一个恰当的词。 The audience burst _ cheers. As she was talking, the old man burst _crying with excitement.out into in 2. injure vt. 伤害，使受伤，损害伤害，使受伤，损害 例句例句 Two-thirds

18、of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受三分之二的人在这次地震中死去或受 伤。伤。 理解理解 说出下列各句的汉语意思。说出下列各句的汉语意思。 He injured his knee yesterday. I hope I didnt injure her feelings. Dishonest injures a business. 欺骗有害生意。欺骗有害生意。 他昨天伤了膝盖。他昨天伤了膝盖。 我希望我没有伤害她的感情。我希望我没有伤害她的感情。 3. destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭破

19、坏；毁坏；消灭(damage sth. so badly that it cannot be repaired or it no longer exists，works， etc.) 例句例句 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 无论人们朝哪无论人们朝哪 里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。 destroy强烈摧毁，无法或难以修复；强烈摧毁，无法或难以修复； 毁掉毁掉(名誉、希望、计划等名誉、希望、计划等)。如：。如： The houses were destroyed by a fire. 房

20、屋房屋 被火灾所毁。被火灾所毁。 ruin(逐渐逐渐)彻底毁灭；弄坏彻底毁灭；弄坏(美好经历或美好经历或 有用物有用物)。如：。如： Oxford has been ruined by the motor industry. 牛津城已经被汽车工业毁掉了。牛津城已经被汽车工业毁掉了。 辨析辨析 destroy，ruin the number of(+复数名复数名 词词)的数目。前者作主语时，谓的数目。前者作主语时，谓 语动词用复数；后者作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后者作主语时，谓 语动词用单数。语动词用单数。 The number of the people invited to the part

21、y _(be)50 last night, but a number of them _ (be) absent for different reasons.1 运用运用 用所给词的适当形式填空。用所给词的适当形式填空。 was were 写作句型仿写写作句型仿写 原句原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日世界似乎到了末日!(B1P26) 1. It seems as if 看上去好像看上去好像 ; 似似 乎乎 例句例句 It seemed as if the sky would fall down. 似乎天要塌下来了。似乎天要塌

22、下来了。 仿写仿写 看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道。 _ except me. 说明说明 其中其中as if 可用可用as though替代替代 It seems as if everybody knows it 原句原句 Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里人们无论朝哪里 看看, 那里的一切都几乎被毁了。那里的一切都几乎被毁了。(B1P26) 2. Everywhere无论哪里无论哪里(=wherever) 例句例句 Everywhere she goes, she wil

23、l receive warm welcome.无论她走到哪无论她走到哪, 她都会受到她都会受到 热烈欢迎。热烈欢迎。 仿写仿写 无论他走到哪儿无论他走到哪儿, 我都会找到他。我都会找到他。 _, I will find him.Everywhere he goes 例句例句 All students can not go to key university after they graduate from middle school.不是所有的学生中学毕不是所有的学生中学毕 业后都能上重点大学。业后都能上重点大学。 3. all. not=not all.并非都并非都 原句原句 All hop

24、e was not lost. 不是所有不是所有 的希望都破灭了。的希望都破灭了。(B1P26) 仿写仿写 并不是每个人都像你那么自私。并不是每个人都像你那么自私。 说明说明 all, both, each, always, every及及every 的合成词与的合成词与not 连用时表部分否定。连用时表部分否定。 _ is as selfish as you. Not everyone 原句原句 The chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.鸡甚至猪也太紧张鸡甚至猪也太紧张 了以至于不吃东西了了以至于不吃东西了。 4. too+

25、 adj./ adv. +(for sb.) to do sth. 太太以至于不以至于不 例句例句 The man is too honest to play a trick like that. 这个人很诚实这个人很诚实, 不会搞那样不会搞那样 的恶作剧的的恶作剧的。 说明说明 在以下三种情况下，此结构是肯定在以下三种情况下，此结构是肯定 意义：意义： 当形容词是表心情的当形容词是表心情的ready，glad， happy，eager，willing等时，表肯定；等时，表肯定； 和和never，not连用时，意为连用时，意为“非常，怎非常，怎 么做也不过分么做也不过分”。 在在too前加上前加上only，but，all，simply或或 just时，表肯定，且带有一定的感情色彩。时，表肯定，且带有一定的感情色彩。 (1) 这个箱子太重了这个箱子太重了, 我搬不动我搬不动。 The box is _ for me _. 仿写仿写 根据汉语意思完成英文句子。根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 (2) 我十分渴望见到你我十分渴望见到你。 Im _ to _ you.see too heavy to ca