高考英语必备—专题01 阅读理解广告应用文-2019年高考英语母题题源系列 Word版含解析

1、专题01 阅读理解（广告应用文）【母题来源一】 【2019全国I卷，A】 Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online

2、tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligi

3、ble: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger P

4、rogramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Emp

5、loyment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disab

6、ility.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger P

7、rogram?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disabled?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【语篇解读】本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。21.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分中的“Summer Company provides stude

8、nts with .awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可知“Summer Company为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“runn new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的第二段“Who is eligibl

9、e: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。23.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Who is eligible: .Some positions require students to be 15to 24 or

10、 up to 29 for persons with a disability”,可知Summer Employment Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。【母题来源二】 【2019全国II卷，A】My Favourite BooksJo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once w

11、rote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matildas battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres，Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening，but theyre also aspirational.After DarkHaru

12、ki MurakamiIts about two sisters-Eri，a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping，and Mari, a young student . In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse ”night people” who are hiding secrets.Gone GirlGillian FynnThere was a bit of me that didn

13、t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. Its a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise whats going on is horribly enjoyableThe StandStephen KingThis is a

14、n excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.21. Who does I refer to in the text?A. Stephen King.

15、B. Gillian Flynn.C. Jo Usmar.D. Roald Dahl22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda.C. After Dark.D. The Stand.23. What kind of book is Gone Girl?)A. A folk tale.B. A biography.C. A love story.D. A horror story.【语篇解读】 这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍。21.C 【解析】细节理解题。

16、由Matilda中的“I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words”可知，我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德达尔写作有影响的论文，这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。所以Jo Usmar在介绍Matilda这本书，用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德达尔写作有影响的论文。所以“I”指的是Jo Usmar。故C选项正

17、确。22.C 【解析】细节理解题。由After Dark中的“Its about two sister-Eri,a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari,a young student”可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹-Eri是一个突然一觉不醒的模特。玛丽，是一个充满青春活力的学生。所以After Dark中讲述了Eri和Mari的故事。故C选项正确。23.C 【解析】细节理解题。由Gone Girl中的“.but the horror story is brilliant”可知，但是这个恐怖的故事很精彩。所以Gone Girl讲述

18、的是一个恐怖故事。故D选项正确。【母题来源三】 【2019全国III卷，A】OPENINGS AND PREVIEWSAnimals Out of PaperYolo！Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph，in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb.12.(West Park Pr

19、esbyterian Church，165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.)The AudienceHelen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan，about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews b

20、egin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld，236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton，in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb.17.(Public，425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.)On the Twentieth CenturyK

21、ristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green，about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie stars love during a cross-country train journey. Scott Ellis directs，for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre，22

22、7 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.)21. What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?.A. A type of art.B. A teenagers studio.C. A great teacher.D. A group of animals.22. Who is the director of The Audience?A. Helen Mirren.B. Peter Morgan.C. Dylan Baker.D. Stephen Daldry.23. Which play will you go to if you

23、 are interested in American history?A. Animals Out of Paper.B. The Audience.C. Hamilton.D. On the Twentieth Century.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。这篇文章对一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映进行了介绍。21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧Animals Out of Paper的Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami artist invites a te

24、enage talent and his teacher into her studio.可知，Rajiv Joseph创作的的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选A。22.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧The Audience的Stephen Daldry directs.可知，本剧是Stephen Daldry导演的。故选D。23.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据话剧Hamilton 的Li-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton in which the birth of America is presented as

25、 an immigrant story.可知，话剧Hamilton的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部话剧。故选C。【母题来源四】【2019北京卷，A】Want to explore new cultures，meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time? You can do all the three with Global Development Association(GDA).Whatever stage of life youre at，wherever you go and

26、whatever project you do in GDA，youll create positive changes in a poor and remote community(社区).We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.Now we need volunteer managers aged 25-75.They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our p

27、rogrammes. We have such roles as project managers，mountain leaders，and communication officers.Depending on which role you choose，you could help to increase a communitys access to safe drinking water，or help to protect valuable local cultures. You might also design an adventure challenge to train you

28、ng volunteers.Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，youll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness. You may have chances to meet new people wholl become your lifelong friends.This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:CountrySchedule4-week pro

29、grammes7-week programmesAlgeria5 Jul.- 1Aug.20Jun. -7Aug.Egypt24 Jul-20 Aug.19Jun.-6 Aug.Kenya20 Jul.-16Aug.18 Jun.-5 Aug.South Africa2Aug.-29 Aug.15 Jun.-2Aug.GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote

30、 the development of poor and remote communities.There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.Find out more about joining a GDA programme:Website:Email:31. Wha

31、t is the main responsibility of volunteer managers?A. To seek local partnersB. To take in young volunteersC. To carry out programmesD. To foster cultural awareness32. The programme beginning in August will operate in_.A. EgyptB. AlgeriaC. KenyaD. South Afria33. The shared goal of GDAs projects to _.

32、A. explore new culturesB. protect the environmentC. gain corporate benefitD. help communities in need【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，这是一篇招聘志愿者的广告。31. C 细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中Depending on which role you choose, you could help to increase .,or help to project.You might also design.可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地

33、方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其主要职责是执行项目计划。故选C。32. D细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中4-week programmes中的最后一个，可知答案选D。33. D 细节理解题。题干问GDA的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据倒数第二段中All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities可知，其目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的小区。故选D。【命题意图】 阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能

34、力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。【考试方向】全国高考英语考试说明明确指出，要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章，这说明了应用文文体在高考英语中的重要性。这个特点在历年高考试题中有明显的印证，不管是全国高考卷，还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及应用文文体的考查，这充分体现了为用而学，学以致用的新课程理念。因此，考生很有必要认真研读阅读理解中应用文的特征和命题特点，并掌握一定的解题方法。本文拟结合近年高考英语全国卷阅读理解中所涉及的应用文文体，帮助考生提高阅读理解的解题能力。 应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目

35、的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、以规范性为准则。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等；另一类是叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的都是向读者传输信息。高考试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，偶尔也会有书信类文章出现。从近三年高考全国卷阅读理解中应用文的话题分布情况可知，前一类是应用文命题的首选题材，其中包括广告、海报和指南等。在高考英语阅读理解中应用文体的考查主要有如下几个特点：1. 就文体特点而言，应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息，措辞简洁明了，一般来说，和所述问题无关的文字不会出现。例如很多文章没有标

36、题，甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。2. 就选材特点来说，信息量大，文句精练，形式灵活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中书信，招聘和商品销售等广告，交通运输时刻表，日记等的比例较大。其内容特点表现为：生活化，实用化，多样化。3. 就形式特点而言，标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明。4. 就语言特点来说，文章充斥大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名等等，而且没有汉语注释。缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。5. 在行文方式方面，应用文的每种文体都有固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别

37、之处；说明性应用文的行文呈排列式，即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。6. 就命题特点来说，高考英语应用文的设问一般是按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。具体讲来主要有四大类：(1)细节理解题，即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。这一题型常见的命题方式有事实认定题、图形辨认题、数字运算题等。(2)推理判断题。这类题主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过分析语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。(3)主旨

38、大意题。该类题主要考查考生对所读材料中心思想的概括.其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。(4)词义猜测题，即要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义。【得分要点】考生必须掌握应对应用文阅读的一些常见技巧或方法，这样有利于快速、准确地答题。 1. 夯实基础尽量多积累一些非考纲单词和一些常见的缩写词语，由于应用文中常常出现大量的缩写词和一些生词，这就要求同学们平时要在老师的指导下，有意识地尽量多积累一些非考纲单词和一些常见的缩写词语。例如：表时间，路程，数量：am=morning， pm=afternoon， Mon=Monday， Jan.=January，hr=hour， hrs =

39、hours， P.W.=perweek，ml= mile，doz=dozen，Max=maximum，Min=minimum 表通信和影视设备：Te1.=telephone number， Ph.=phone表媒体：VOA=Voice of America，BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation表学历、职业：MA=Master of Arts，BS degree= bachelors degree(学士学位)，prof.=professor，Dr.=doctor，VIP=very important persons 表国家、组织、地点：the USA=the

40、United States of America，the PRC=the Peoples Republic of China，WTO=World Trade Organization，co.=company，Add(r).=address，Sta=Station，Mt=Mountain 表方向：s=south， n=north， w=west，e=east其他：Lid=Limited，P=page，pop=popular，Xmas=Christmas，info=information，ad=advertisement，vs=versus，PC=personal computer 等等。2. 宜

41、采用题干定位法应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在高考试题中，常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用题干定位法，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。当问题与材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。要注意根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。3. 补全成分法 省略词和省略句在应用文阅读材料中大量出现，对于

42、影响语境理解的省略情况，我们应结合全文语境及逻辑关系将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解。例如：Driver wanted. 根据文意，可将该句补充为A driver will be wanted.(招聘一名司机。) 。4. 排除法排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。【精准对接】 文章和高考题相似度很高。【母题1】【武汉第二中学2019届高三五月全仿真模拟考试】The Visitor Oyster cardA Visitor Oyster card is the cheapest way to pay for a single adult jour

43、neyin London. Its a plastic smartcard. You can use it on the bus, tube, tram, DLR,London Overground and most National Rail services. Its much cheaper thanbuying individual tickets, in some cases costing 50% less than the price of a regularpaper ticket.How to get a Visitor Oyster cardYou can buy a Vi

44、sitor Oyster card online. Your card will be delivered by post.The card costs 5 and you choose how much money you want to add to the card.This means you can start using the card the moment you arrive in Central London.How does the Visitor Oyster card work?The Oyster card works on a pay-as-you-go syst

45、em. You start by adding money to the card. Then you travel, the cost of the fare will automatically bededucted from your Visitor Oyster card. For example, if you add 20 to thecard and make a tube journey of 2.30, you will have 17.70 left on the card.A few more points:A child under the age of 11 trav

46、els free when accompanied by an adult.Youll save more money if you use the tube several times. The Visitor Oyster cardis “capped (给定上限)” at 6.80 per day.Youll pay more during peak times. Peak fares apply from Monday to Friday (6:30am9:30 am; 4:00 pm 7:00 pm), except for public holidays.Reuse the Oys

47、ter card by adding credit at a tube station, Oyster ticket shop orVisitor Centre.Receive a discount on the Thames Clippers River Bus services.1. What can we learn about the Visitor Oyster card?A. You cant use it during public holidays.B. You can have it mailed directly to your home.C. You can get a

48、free Oyster card if you order online.D. You can receive a 50% discount at any shop in London.2. How much money will be deducted if you take the tube four times in a day witha Visitor Oyster card?A. 2.30.B. 3.40.C. 6.80.D. 9.20.3. Where can you add credit to your Visitor Oyster card?A. On the Interne

49、t.B. At a bus station.C. At a tube station.D. In convenience stores.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了游览伦敦使用Visitor Oyster Card的好处，如何购买及如何充值。1.B 【解析】细节理解题。第二段第二句Your card will be delivered by post.可知Visitor Oyster card可以直接寄到你家。故选B。2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据A few more points部分Youll save more money if you use the tube several

50、 times. The Visitor Oyster card is “capped (给定上限)” at 6.80 per day.可知如果你乘几次地铁，你会节省更多的钱。Visitor Oyster卡的“上限”是每天6.8英镑。故选C。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据A few more points部分倒数第二段Reuse the Oyster card by adding credit at a tube station, Oyster ticket shop or Visitor Centre.可知可以在地铁站添加，故选C。【母题2】【河北省石家庄市高三模拟试卷】Dreaming o

51、f summer picnics filled with family and fun? Weve come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.Cumberland Islands, GeorgiaJust a few hours south of Savannah, this national seashore is a picnic paradise. Its an unspoiled place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (小径). Covere

52、d in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since its still a rural area, the stars line up for a spectacular show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.Grant Park, ChicagoIf you are looking for delicious food in Chicago, go for a taste of a 20-day, lake-front

53、, foodie festival that happens in October each year. Grab a spot near the fountain to enjoy your picnic, appreciate the city scenery and lake views and relax with family and friends. If you are there on July 4th, be sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier.Cranberry Isl

54、ands, MaineHere, youll enjoy natural picnics with island views. The islands are a delightful group of islands about 20 minutes offshore from Acadia National Park. You can visit the islands by private boat or ferry (渡船) service. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as its a romantic picnic area t

55、o take your special someone or go for a family outing to visit the islands.Big Sur, CaliforniaThe Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. Its good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telesc

56、ope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.1. What are Cumberland Islands like?A. They are just next to Savannah.B. They havent lost their naturalness.C. They are almost covered in Spanish moss.D. They have a spectacular show every night.2. Where can you enjoy observing wildlif

57、e with a telescope?A. At the Navy Pier. B. In the Deep South.C. At Acadia National Park. D. At the Point Lobos State Reserve.3. Why does the author write this passage?A. To introduce some picnic areas.B. To share personal stories about picnics.C. To tell readers some good ways to relax.D. To offer readers tips for winter holiday.4. Where can we most probably read this passage?A. In a personal dairy. B . In a science report.C. In a travel magazine. D. In a geography textbook.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了美国的4个顶级野餐区的相关信息。1.B 【解析】细节理解题。由Cumberland Islands, Georgia中的“Its an unspoiled place .