Mivo,基于RFID的移动支付系统

1、精品文档你我共享 Mivo，基于RFID的移动支付系统 By Harshvardhan Chamria (hc448) and Harold Beyel (heb47通过 Harshvardhan Chamria (hc448)和哈罗德 Beyel (heb47) In troduct ion and Rati on ale 简介和基本原理 High Level Desig n 高层次设计 Logical Structure 逻辑结构 RFID RFID 技术 Ether net以太网 Results 结果 Conclusions 结论 Appendix 附录 Introduction and

2、 Rationale 简介和基本原理 We used our ECE 4760 final project as a p latform to devel op a proof of concept for Mivo. 我们作 为一个平台，开发Mivo 个概念证明我们的欧洲经委会4760最后的项目。Mivo is a low-cost, stripped down mobile payment system. Mivo是一种低成本，向下移动支付系统剥离。Our Prototype combines Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Security

3、Pin Authentication and Ether net Data Tran sfer to p rovide a p rotot ype for a low-cost secure p ayme nt system that has the potential to change lives in rural areas of developing countries.我们的原型结合无线射频识另U (RFID ),安全PIN验证和以太网数据传输，以提供一个低成本的安全支付系统，它有可能 AAAAAA Harry and Harsh with Mivo (No cash please!

4、)哈利和 Mivo 恶劣(没有现金请！) The Idea:理念: Mivo is a service that aims to securely and conveniently move retail banking and financial services to cell-phones. Mivo是一种服务，旨在安全，方便的移动零售银行业务和金融服务， 移动电话。It is a mobile-banking facility for the unbanked.这是一个没有银行账户的移动银行 服务。 We propose to deliver access to finan cial

5、services to the unban ked, on low-e nd mobile phones.我们建议为用户提供金融服务，没有银行账户的低端手机。Worldwide there are 4.1 billi on cell-phone users comp ared to just 1.6 billi on people with bank acco un ts; further, research reveals a poten tial of $250 billio n in micro-fi nance in the world, yet only $25 billi on h

6、as bee n lent out.全世界有41亿美元手机用户相比，银行帐户只有1.6亿人，进一步，研究揭示了在世界上 250美元的小额信贷亿元的潜力，但$ 25亿元已借出。 Mivo has the potential to bridge both gaps. Mivo有可能弥合差距。 This is an idea targeted at deve loping coun tries; as the Internet and ATMs are un available in rural areas and pen etrati on is low even in urba n areas

7、there are many p roblems faced (in cludi ng access to financial services and remittances).这是在发展中国家有针对性的思想；随着互联网和自动取 款机是在农村地区无法使用，而且在城市地区普及率低，甚至有面对(包括获得金融服务和 汇款)许多问题。The idea is to con struct a comp lete mobile-p ayme nt ecosystem comp rised of RFID-e nabled phones and text message (SMS) tran sact io

8、ns to access a virtual acco unt- a simple, fast and safe solution for financial tran sactio ns. 这个想法是建立一个完整的移动支付生态系统 的RFID功能的手机和短信(SMS)的交易包括金融交易来访问一个虚拟帐户，一个简单， 快速和安全的解决方案。While Mivo can be a life-cha nger in the develo ping world, it also has awesome appiications in the developed world.虽然 Mivo可以是一个生

9、活在发展中国家换，它 也有在发达国家真棒申请。As an exa mple app licati on, Mivo users would be able to pay for an airline or movie ticket by text-messaging an advertised SMS code and then skip the line at the counter by scanning their RFID-equipped phone at the entry point and entering their authentication details.作为一个示例

10、应用程序，用户将能够Mivo支付航空公司或电影票通过 短信和短信代码的广告在柜台则跳过该行通过在入口点扫描他们的RFID配备电话，输入自 己的身份验证详细信息。 In troduct ion and Rati on ale 简介和基本原理 High Level Desig n 高层次设计 Logical Structure 逻辑结构 RFID RFID 技术 Ethernet以太网 Results 结果 Conclusions 结论 Appen dix 附录 Introduction and Rationale 简介和基本原理 We used our ECE 4760 final projec

11、t as a p latform to devel op a proof of concept for Mivo. 我们作 为一个平台，开发Mivo 个概念证明我们的欧洲经委会4760最后的项目。Mivo is a low-cost, stripped down mobile payment system. Mivo是一种低成本，向下移动支付系统剥离。Our Prototype combines Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Security Pin Authentication and Ether net Data Tran sfer to p

12、 rovide a p rotot ype for a low-cost secure p ayme nt system that has the potential to change lives in rural areas of developing countries.我们的原型结合无线射频识另U (RFID ),安全PIN验证和以太网数据传输，以提供一个低成本的安全支付系统，它有可能 改变发展中国家农村地区的生活原型。 Harry and Harsh with Mivo (No cash pl ease!) 哈利和Mivo恶劣（没有现金请! The Idea:理念: and fina

13、ncial Mivo is a service that aims to securely and conveniently move retail banking services to cell-phones. Mivo是一种服务，旨在安全，方便的移动零售银行业务和金融服务， 移动电话。It is a mobile-banking facility for the unbanked.这是一个没有银行账户的移动银行 服务。 We propose to deliver access to finan cial services to the unban ked, on low-e nd mob

14、ile phones.我们建议为用户提供金融服务，没有银行账户的低端手机。Worldwide there are 4.1 billi on cell-phone users comp ared to just 1.6 billi on people with bank acco un ts; further, research reveals a poten tial of $250 billio n in micro-fi nance in the world, yet only $25 billi on has bee n lent out.全世界有41亿美元手机用户相比，银行帐户只有1.

15、6亿人，进一步，研究揭示了在世界上 250美元的小额信贷亿元的潜力，但$ 25亿元已借出。Mivo has the potential to bridge both gaps. Mivo有可能弥合差距。 This is an idea targeted at deve loping coun tries; as the Internet and ATMs are un available in rural areas and pen etrati on is low even in urba n areas there are many p roblems faced (in cludi ng

16、 access to financial services and remittances).这是在发展中国家有针对性的思想；随着互联网和自动取 款机是在农村地区无法使用，而且在城市地区普及率低，甚至有面对(包括获得金融服务和 汇款)许多问题。The idea is to con struct a comp lete mobile-p ayme nt ecosystem comp rised of RFID-e nabled phones and text message (SMS) tran sact ions to access a virtual acco unt- a simple,

17、fast and safe solution for financial tran sactio ns. 这个想法是建立一个完整的移动支付生态系统 的RFID功能的手机和短信(SMS)的交易包括金融交易来访问一个虚拟帐户，一个简单， 快速和安全的解决方案。While Mivo can be a life-cha nger in the develo ping world, it also has awesome appiications in the developed world.虽然 Mivo可以是一个生活在发展中国家换，它 也有在发达国家真棒申请。As an exa mple app l

18、icati on, Mivo users would be able to pay for an airline or movie ticket by text-messaging an advertised SMS code and then skip the line at the counter by scanning their RFID-equipped phone at the entry point and entering their authentication details.作为一个示例应用程序，用户将能够Mivo支付航空公司或电影票通过 短信和短信代码的广告在柜台则跳过

19、该行通过在入口点扫描他们的RFID配备电话，输入自 己的身份验证详细信息。 Our Mobile Payment System我们的移动支付系统 In side Our Mobile Payment System (without the Ethernet Module)在我们的移动支付系统(不带以太 网模块) High Level Design高层次设计 We en visi oned that the tasks of a gen eric tech no logical p ayme nt system are:我们设想一个通用的 技术支付系统的任务是： 1 Identification

20、 鉴定 2 Authentication 认证 3 Database access and up date数 据库访问和更新 Identification:鉴定: After considerable contemplation and debate we decided that we would use RFID (Radio Freque ncy Ide ntificatio n) for Ide ntificatio n.经过大量的思考和辩论中，我们决定，我们将用识 别 RFID (射频识别)。 We selected RFID because this standard has a

21、fairly short-range conn ecti on, a small connection-set up time (both of which make it slightly tougher to hack tha n some other sta ndards) and also because we knew that our Corn ell Cards have RFID tags embedded within them.我们选择了 RFID技术，因为这一标准具有相当的短距离连接，一个 小型连接建立时间(这两个稍微使黑客更难比一些其他标准)，还因为我们知道，我们的康

22、奈尔卡在其中嵌有 RFID 标签。 Thus, we would be able to use these cards for identification in stead of in vesti ng in RFID tags.因此，我们将能够使用，而不是投资在RFID标签识别这些 卡。 Authentication:身份验证: We decided to use 4-digit security pin for Authe nticati on because we wan ted a system that is quick and convenient while being sec

23、ure.我们决定使用4位数字的身份验证安全针，因为我们需要一 个系统，快捷，方便而被安全。 We had also considered adding a Fingerprint based authentication; however, due to the time con stra int of 5 weeks we decided that we would add this feature later. 我 们还考虑增加一个基于指纹认证，但是，由于5个星期，我们决定，我们将加入此功能稍后 时间约束。 Database access and up date数据库访问和更新: Now

24、for the Database access, while we would eve ntually want to tran sfer data over airwaves (in order to expl oit the exist ing telecom muni cati on in frastructure and avoid the hassle of sett ing up Ether net connection s), for the purpose of this p roject we decided to use Ether net based data trans

25、fer现在的数据库访问，而我们最终要转移为这个项目的目的，我们决定使用基于以太 网上的数据传输电波数据(以利用现有的电信基础设施，避免了建立以太网连接的麻烦) 因为我们俩都不熟悉2G或3G We took this decisi on because n either of us is familiar with 2G or 3G sta ndards and impi eme nti ng this in 5 weeks would have bee n a stretch.我们采取了这一决定， 标准和实施5周这将是一个延伸。 Top Level System Architecture (f

26、rom Project Proposal)顶级系统架构(从项目建议书) Going into this project we were both really apprehensive of how much we would be able to achieve, but as advised by Professor Bruce Land and our TA Yuche n Zhang, we divided up our (Goliath-of-a-) project into sub-tasks.这个计划将来我们都非常担心多少我们将能够实现，但作 为教授布鲁斯土地和我们的TA雨辰章表

27、示，我们分为子任务我们(巨人，同号)项目。Neither of us has take n a course on RFID desig n; however we researched on li ne to find a host of resources to help us on our circuit and data-analysis.无论我们采取了对 RFID的设计过程，但是我们研究 网上找到主机的资源来帮助我们的电路和数据分析我们。In fact we fou nd the docume ntati on 文件上接近保障制 on “ Proximity Security Sys

28、tem ”(project by Craig Ross and Ricardo Goto, Spring 2006) extremely helpful in selecting our design methodology. 事实上，我们发现了 度(2006年项目由Craig Ross和里卡多后藤春)非常有帮助的方法在选择我们的设计。 Their page also linked us to Jonathan Westhues Proximity website and the microlD 125kHz RFID System Guide which provide some solid

29、 documentation on designing secure proximity systems.他们的网页也与我们为乔纳森 Westhues车水马龙网站 和microlD 的125kHz RFID系统指南临近系统提供坚实的一些文件上设计安全。We had used the LCD and keypad in previous labs and hence we referred to Prof. Lands code: LCD and keypad. 我们使用了 液晶显示屏和键盘在以前的实验室，因此，我们提到土地教授的代码：LCD和键盘。 Eventually after many

30、hours of research we were lucky to come across Brian Bryces website (pl ease refer to the“ Ack no wledgeme nts ” secti on) which served as a good reference for us while we were designing our Ethernet system.最终，经过几个小时的研究，我们很幸运能碰到布莱恩 布莱斯的网站(请参阅致谢”部分)这有助于我们作为一个很好的参考，而我们在设计我们 的以太网系统。We decided to use th

31、e Atmel Mega 16 microco ntroller (as oppo sed to the Mega 644 that we had used in all of our labs duri ng the semester) simply because we did not n eed much on-chip memory and the Mega 16 would count as a“ free ” chip in our budget (of course, we were also comfortably under-budget).我们决定用16万爱特梅尔微控制器(

32、相对于644万，我们已经 在我们的实验室都用在本学期)，因为我们并不需要为免费多片上存储器和16日将数百万 在我们的预算芯片(当然，我们也舒服主管预算)。 Overview:概述: At the top-level, we wrote a state machine that controls the working of the entire system and integrates the various subsystems into a single entity.在顶层，我们写了一个状态机来控制整个 系统的工作，并集成到一个单一实体的各个子系统。We will go into th

33、e details of the state machine later in the“ Logical Structure ” secti我们将进j入的状态机的细节后，在 逻辑结构 我们的报告部分。However, it is important to understand the top level working of the system.然而，重要的是要了解顶层系统工作。After the “ cashier ” enters the amount using the 4x4 keypad the state machine transitions to the“ RFIDInput

34、 ” state, which triggers the RFID system.之后的 收银机进入使用4x4的键盘数额状态机转换为“ RFID Inp ut状态，从而引发了 RFID 系统。Our system uses an in ductive-a ntenna coil to activate the RFID tag in our Corn ell ID cards and then reads off the response from the card. 我们的系统使用一个感应天线线圈在我们 的康奈尔激活身份证RFID标签，然后读取关闭从卡的回应。This response is

35、 put through a bandp ass filter and wave rectificati on filter and fin ally some digital logic (more on this in the “ RFID” section of our report) before it is fed to the Atmel Mega16 microcontroller, which further decodes the data to extract a unique code that is con siste nt across mult iple tries

36、 for each RFID tag. 这种反应是通过一个带通滤波器将与波整流滤波，最后一些数字逻辑(更多的关于“ RFID的” 我们的报告节本)，然后它被送到了 Atmel Mega16单片机，进一步解码，数据提取的独特代 码是每个 RFID 标签在多个尝试一致。Then the user is prompted to enter his/her security pin. 然后提示用户输入他 / 她的安全销。This data and the user en tered security-pin are tran sferred to an Ether net Con troller (c

37、onn ected using an SPI in terface) which accesses a mySQL database through an Ether net connection (for the detailed impi eme ntati on pl ease look at the “ Ether net ” section of our report).这些数据和用户输入的安全针被转移到一个以太网控制器(SPI接口连 接使用)的访问通过一个以太网连接MySQL数据库(请了详细的实施在 以太网”我们报告 这一节看)。 A P rogram at the backe n

38、d server rep lies with a Good“ G , or Bad 在后 message. 端服务器程序回复一个良好的“G；或坏的“ B的字样。All the user- promptsand data out put are dis played on a 16x2 LCD scree n and all inpu t (at Point of Sale, ie fron t-e nd) is through a 4x4 key pad .所有用户提示和数据输出都是一个16x2液晶屏幕和所有的输入(在销售点，即前端) 通过一个4X4的键盘显示出来。 Logical Struc

39、ture 逻辑结构 A state machine controls how the entire system works.状态机控制整个系统如何工作。We decided to use this topo logy because we were going to use a state mach ine (from Bruces keypad code) to debo unce a butt on-p ress on the keypad and exte nding this structure to con trol the various sub-systems of our p

40、 roject seemed a logical next ste p.我们决定使用这种拓扌卜结构，因为我们将 使用一个状态机(由 Bruce的键盘码)，去抖的按钮，在键盘上按下并扩大这种结构来控制 各子我们的项目体系似乎是一个合乎逻辑的下一个步骤。 State Machi ne (P rogram Co ntrol) Our （Click Here for Full Size）我们的状态机（程序控制） 这里的大小为满） （点击 Our Program starts up in the NoPush state.我们的计划启动于NoPush 状态。If a key is pressed it

41、moves to the Debo unce state (which occurs after an in terval of time equal to“ debo unce_in terva set to 30 milliseconds).如果一个 键被按下它移动到去抖动状态(这之后的时间 等于 “ debou nce_i nterval 设置为 30 毫秒的时间间隔发生)。 We used a 4x4 key pad and we had to debo unce the keypad because electrical con tacts in mecha ni cal pu sh

42、butt on switches often break con tact mult ip le times whe n the button is first pushed.我们使用了一个 4X4 的键盘，我们不得不 去抖，因为在键盘按键机械开关的电接触时有发生多次接触按钮时，第一次推动。The debo uncing logic removes the result ing ripple sig nal, and p rovides a clea n tran siti on.逻辑删除的 The idea here is that the bouncing of the 这里的想法是，交换

43、机将停止后的30毫秒时 反跳产生的纹波信号，并提供了一个干净的过渡。 switch will stop after an in terval of 30 millisec on ds. 间间隔反弹。 A value of 我们分配一个信号，被称为 “rfid_ready，”以确定哪些国家过渡到下一个。 rfid_ready = 0 means that this is a new transaction and the state machine transitions to the DetectAmount state prompting the cashier to enter the a

44、mount. rfid_ready = 0 表示这是一个新 的事务和国家机器的状态转换为DetectAmount提示收银员输入金额价值。After the cashier types in the digits using the keypad he/she can confirm by p ress ingto butnuim （corres ponding =12）.经过出纳的数字键盘类型使用他/她可以确认，按“ B类（对应but num = 12 ）。At any time the system can be reset by p ress ing“ A （corres ponding

45、to在任何i 时候11系统 可以通过按重置的“ A（相当于but num = 11）。 Merchant Prompted to Enter Amount 商户提示输入金额 A value of rfid_ready = 1 means that amount has bee n en tered already but there was an error in en teri ng the security-pin （ie user en tered an in correct pin and p ressed cancel or en tered a pin that is not 4

46、digits Iong）. 一 rfid_ready = 1值意味着金额已进入了，但是有一个进入安全针（即用户 输入了不正确的 PIN并按下取消或进入一个引脚，是不是4位数字）错误。In this case the system asks for the authe ntication details agai n.在这种情况下，系统要求输入认证信息了。 Next, the RFID Input state is en tered and this triggers the system to get into the RFID tag ide ntificati on state.接下来，R

47、FID Input进入状态，这触发系统进入状态的RFID标签识别。This is a major subsystem of our p roject and will be explained in detail in the“ RFID sect ion， rep ort.这是我们项目的主要子系统，将在详细解释中的射频识别”我们的报告内。The RFID system out puts the bitstream read off the RFID tag and the state mach ine the n tran siti ons to the Security Pin state

48、. RFID系统的输出码流读出的RFID标签和国家机器，然后转换为Security Pin 状态。 在Security Pin状态提示用户输入他 straightforward.此状态的工作非常简单。 /她的 安全针。 The working of this state is pretty If the user enters a pin that is not 4 digits long and con firms the system prompts the user to re-e nter his/her authe nticati on details and the system

49、transitions to the RFIDInput state.如果用户输入的引脚，是不是4位长，并确认系统提示用户 重新输入他/她的身份验证详细信息和系统转换为RFIDInput状态。Else, if the pin is in the correct format the state machine transitions to the SendEthernetData state.否则，如果该弓丨脚的状 态机转换为SendEthernetData国家在正确的格式。 0 fi-八也小“八宀，宀电 User Prompted to Enter Security Pin用户提示输入安全销

50、 the user-e ntered The SendEthernetData state transfers （1） the amount, the RFID tag and （3） security pin over the Ether net to a mySQL database that is queried for the received tag and checks if the security pin was entered correctly.该 SendEthernetData 国家转让（1）金额，（2） RFID 标 签及（3）用户在进入到MySQL数据库，为收到的标

51、记和质疑，如果安全检查引脚为输入 正确以太网安全销。If the tag is found, the security pin is correct, and the user has the give n amount in his/her acco unt a Good“ G sig nal is returned over t如果标记被发现，安全 针是正确的，用户在他/她的帐户一个很好的“G的信号是通过以太网返回给定的数额。Else a Bad “ B” sig nal is retuh否 贝 U个坏的 “ B信号返回。The user is in formed about the de

52、tails of the transaction on the LCD.告知用户在 LCD 上的交易细节。The actual implementation for Ether net data transfer is explained in the“ Ether net ” 以太t网数据传输的实际 databsase retur ning a mySQL 执行情况进行了解释以太网”我们的报告内。 Success ” message, after identifying Harrys tagi chylSQLase返回 一个 成功的消息，在确定哈里的标签 A new transaction

53、can now be started by p ress ing the reset butt on A, on the keyp ad.一个新的交 易，现在可以通过按一个复位按钮开始，在键盘上。 Note: The LCD impi eme ntati on was fairly straightforward because we had used the same LCD in p revious labs and used the functions from the libraries that we were p rovided with. 注：液晶的实 施是相当简单，因为我们在以

54、前曾使用同样的LCD和实验室使用了，我们是提供与图书馆 的职能。For a detailed explanation, please refer to the“LCD section o有关详po说 明，请参阅 液晶显示器我们的报告内。The key pad imp leme ntatio n was also done in a p revious lab and hence we were fairly comfortable with both the circuitry and software required to include it in our final project.键

55、盘的实施也做了一个实验，所以我们既相当的电路，并须包括 在我们的最终方案的IT 软件舒适。For a detailed explanation, please refer to the “KeypacT section of our report.有关详细说明，请参阅键盘我们的报告内。 RFID RFID 技术 Before we start a detailed explan ati on of our impi eme ntati on we will take a ste p back and talk a little about the tech no logy in gen era

56、l .在我们开始了我们实现的详细说明，我们将采取退一步 讲，在总体技术一点。 Excerpts from the microID 125kHz RFID System Guide: 本版从 microlD 的 125kHz RFID 系统指 南： RFID Introduction: RFID 技术简介: Radio Freque ncy Ide ntificati on (RFID) systems use radio freque ncy to ide ntify, locate and track people, assets and animals.无线电频率识别(RFID )系统使用

57、无线电频率识别，定位和跟踪 人员，资产和动物。Passive RFID systems are composed of three components - a reader (interrogator), passive tag and host computer.无源 RFID 系统由三部分组成 -一个阅读器(读 写器)，无源标签和电脑主机。The tag is composed of an antenna coil and a silicon chip that includes basic modulation circuitry and non-volatile memory.这种标

58、签是由一个天线线圈和一 个硅芯片，包括基本的调制电路和非易失性内存。The tag is energized by a time-varying electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) wave that is transmitted by the reader. 这种标签是由一个充 满活力随时间变化的电磁无线电频率(RF)波是由读者传播。This RF signal is called a carrier sig nal.该射频信号称为载波信号。When the RF field p asses through an antenna coil, there

59、is an AC voltage gen erated across the coil.当射频场通过天线线圈的推移，有一个线圈上的交流电压 产生的。 This voltage is rectified to result in a DC voltage for the device op erati on. 该电压经过整 流导致了设备的操作直流电压。The device becomes functional whe n the DC voltage reaches a certai n level.该器件成为功能当直流电压达到一定水平。The in formation stored in th

60、e device is transmitted back to the reader在设备中存储的信息传回给读者。This is often called backscattering.这通常被称为反向散射法。 By detecting the backscattering signal, the in formation stored in the device can be fully ide ntified.通过检测后向散射信号，在设备中存储 的信息可以完全确定。 RFID Tag: RFID 标签: Tag consists of a silicon device and antenn