外研版七年级下册英语语法专题复习65451

1、 下册重要知识点梳理语法知识点 1.词类：物主代词、情态动词 can 和方位介词短语 2.时态：一般将来时态和一般过去时态 3.句型：特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句 词类 1) 物主代词：表示所属关系的代词（属于谁的） 人称单 数 复 数 形容词性物主代 词名词性物主代 词形容性物主代词 名词性物主代词 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 第三人称 his his their Theirs her hers its its 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词：必须和名词在一起。My father, y

2、our teacher. 物主代词 名词性物主代词+相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词名词。: This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt. 练习 1）选择题。 （ （ 1. Look at ?. ） C. his B. he A. him 2. I drive ?to the park every day. ） （ C. them B. their A. they （）3. ?classroom is big. C. Our B. us A. we 4. I love ?. ） （ A. she B. her C. hers （ ）5. Do you know

3、 ? A. I? B. my C. me （ ）6. I am ?son. A. they B. their C. them （ ）7. This is not _ desk. My desk is over there. A. I? B. my C. me （ ）8. Can you spell _ name, Harry? Sorry. A. you? B. your C. yours （ ）9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _ room. A. they? B. them C. their （ ）10. We are in the same cl

4、ass. _ classroom is very nice. A. our? B. my C. ours （ ）11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. Im _ student. A. he B. his C. him （ ）12. Thats a cat. _ name is Mimi. A. It? B. Its C. Its （2）用括号里的代词的适当形式填空 1, Mr Yang is _(we) (him) is from Beijing. _(his) teaches_(our) English. 2, Look,there is a (they) is Lil

5、y(it) name is Mimi. 3, Let_(I) tell _(she) about_(he) life at school. 4, This is _(they) is _(our)? 5, Dont use the is _(me). 6, The lady under the tree is _(me) (her) often sings with _(she) husband 2) 情态动词 can 1.含义：表达人或物的能力，能或会 2.特点：情态动词 can 没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。 3.否定形式：cannot(正式用法)cant(口语) 4.句型结构：

6、肯定句： 主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can swim well. 否定句： 主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 She / They can not swim well. ？+ 其他+ 动词原形+ 主语+ 情态动词 一般疑问句：Can she / they swim well? No, she / they cant. Yes, she / they can. / + ? + 其他主语 + 动词原形 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + 情态动词 + Why can she / they swim well? Who can sw

7、im well? 练习：( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building. A. must B. cant C. shouldnt ( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk? A. may B. can C. should ( )3) - you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant. A. Can B. Cant C. Should 4.?I can run fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句) 5.? He can

8、 play basketball well. （一般疑问句） _ he _ basketball well? 3) 介词 over 正上方 on on the left of. 在左边 behind/at the back of 在.后面 on the right of. 在右边 next to/near 在附近，紧挨着 in the front of 在.正下方 under . 在里面的前面 .前面在 in front of. 在两者之间 between .and . Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间 among 在三者或三

9、者以上之间 李老师在许多同学之间 Miss Li is among lots of students. 动词连用。be 注意：介词短语常和 时态 1) 一般将来时 时间状语：in+一段时间；tomorrow；in the future; next+时间；this+时间（表示将来时间的状语） be（is,） going to 的用法。 含义：计划，打算做某事 将来时句型结构： 一般将来时 be going to+动词原形 肯定句结构：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他. 否定句结构：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句：be 动词提前 Be +主语+g

10、oing to +动词原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+be. 否定回答：No，主语+be not. 注意：表示计划到某地去，谓语动词 go 与 going 重复，一般只说 be going to +地点. come/go/arrive/leave 等表示位置转移的动词可用于现在进行表将来。 Eg: I am going to London next year. She is going to check her email. Look! The bus is coming. 由 shall 和 will 引导的一般将来时 含义：将会 特点：助动词 shall 和 will 没有人称和数的

11、变化，之后要加动词原形。 shall 在一般将来时中，一般用于第一人称之后。 例如：I/We shall have an English lesson.我们将有一节英语课。 否定形式：shall notshant will notwont 将来时句型结构: 肯定句：主语+shall/will+do 否定句：主语+shall/will+not+do（will not 可缩写成 wont） 一般疑问句：shall/will+主语+ do +do 主语+ shall/will+特殊疑问句：疑问词2) 一般过去时一般过去时 1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用

12、。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2标志性时间状语：yesterday（昨天）, last week（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（两个月前）, the day before yesterday（前天） ，in 1990 (在 1990 年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语连用。 3动词结构：V-ed 动词过去式变化规则： 1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2结尾是 e 加 d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾是辅音字母加一

13、个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变 y 为 i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不规则动词过去式： lose(丢失)?-lost tell(告诉)?-told? win(赢)?-won ?make(制造)?-made ? think(想 )?-thought? mean(意思)?-meant ?understand(理解)?-met )?-understood meet(见begin(开始)?-paid ?pay(付 )?-began ? blow(吹)?-blew say(说)?

14、-said break( 打破)?-broke ? 卖 sell()?-sold? choose(send(送)-sent? 选择 )?-chose? do(做)?-did? 坐 sit()?-sat ? draw(画)?-drew? 睡 sleep()?-slept? drink()?-smelt smell(嗅 喝)?-drank? drive(驾驶 拼写 spell()?-spelt? )?-drove eat(吃)?-ate 度过 spend()?-spent ? fall(stand(落下)?-fell )?-stood? ? 站 )?-flew? 飞 fly()?-taught?

15、教 teach(forget(忘)?-forgot? wake(弄醒)?-woke sing(唱)?-sang 给)?-gave? ? give(speak(讲话)?-spoke? go(去)?-went ? steal(偷)?-stole? )?-grew grow(成长? )?-knew know(知道 wear(穿)?-wore )?-lay-lain? lie(躺 swim(泳)?-swam ? )?-rang? 按铃 ring(take(拿)?-took? ? 写?write()?-wrote throw(扔)?-threw? )?-rode ride(骑 become(成为)?-b

16、ecame ? )-saw see(看见 come(来)?-came ? 出?show(run(跑)?-ran? )?-showed? 示 4. 句式变化规则： 动词在一般过去时中的变化：Be（1）am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was。 （was not=wasnt） （2）are 在一般过去时中变为 were。 （were not=werent） （3）带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加 not，一般疑问句把 was 或 were 调到句首。 句中没有 be 动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：di

17、dnt +动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday. Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑问句：在句首加 did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday? What did Jim do yesterday? 练习： 一、填空 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。1. I_ _ _ have a picnic with my

18、friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. ? 我想去打篮球。2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping. （改否定）4. Ill go and join them.I _ go _ join them. 5. Im going to g

19、et up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 6. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 三、 _ (visit) a farm last week. 四、2. The twins _ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning. 五、3. I _ (watch) a film with my

20、friend last Friday. 六、4. My father _ (be) in London last year. 七、5. What_ (do) you do three days ago? 八、6. _ (be) there any parks here in 1950? 九、7. What_(do) you do just now? I?_?(wash) my clothes. 十、改写句子 十一、1. We are all happy.(改成一般过去时) We _ all happy. every week) 代替 last week 用 2. I visit my gran

21、dparents every week. (十二、 ? ?_ 十三、) 3 There were some zebras in the zoo last year. (改改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答为一般疑问句并作肯定回答? _ 四、用所给词的适当形式填空。四、用所给词的适当形式填空。 is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He

22、_ (go) to school by bike. 4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 6. What _ (do) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk

23、) cows. 7. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 8. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 9. I _ (plan) for my study now. 句型 1) 特殊疑问句。 含义：以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。 特殊疑问词总结：特殊疑问词总结： what 什么（职业，姓名等）什么（职业，姓名等） what day 星期几 What day is it today? what size 多大尺码多大尺码 What size are your shoes? what time =when 什

24、么时间 what colour 什么颜色 多大号多大号 what size 什么时候 （就时间提问） when where 什么地方（就地点提问） who 谁（问人的身份，姓名等） which 哪一个 because 回答）why 为什么（就原因提问，常用 how 怎么样 How many books do you have ? how many 多少（提问可数名词数量） 多少（提问不可数名词数量） How much water is there in the glass? How much 多少钱（提问价格） How old 几岁（提问年龄） 多长（提问长度）How long is this

25、 ruler? How long 这把尺子有多长？ 多长时间（时间持续多久）How long do you go to school ? 你去学校要多长时间？ How often 多久（提问频率既单位时间发生多少次） How soon （还要多久时间才能开始或结束）How soon will he come back ? How far （提问距离有多远） 他多久才能回来？ How heavy （提问有多重） 句型结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句 ？ Eg :Why do you like watching TV ? 练习： 就划线部分提问。 1He often has lunch in the

26、 factory ? ? he often ?lunch？ 2They will come back in a month ? ?will they come back？ 3He hurt his leg last Sunday ? ?he hurt his leg ？ 4I got up at six this morning ? ? ?you ?up this morning ？ They were drawing a horse when I came in5 ? ?they ?when I came in ？ 6I didnt go to school because I had a

27、bad cold ? ?you go to school？ 7Youd better take the No3 bus ? ?bus ?I better take？ 8Hes feeling well ? ?he feeling ？ 9The girl in a red coat is my sister ? ?is your sister？ 10He comes to China once a year ? ? ?he ?to China？ 11. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (对括号部分提问) _? 12. My father

28、goes to work by car. ( 改为特殊疑问句改为特殊疑问句 ) _? 13. It take ( 15 minutes ) for a ferry to cross the river. ( 对括号部分提问对括号部分提问 ) _? 14. You can dial ( 110 ) to call the police. ( 对括号部分提对括号部分提问问 ) _ _ can you dial to call the police 15. Ted put his bag in the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句 ) _ _ Ted _ in the desk? ) 对括号部分

29、提问 16. The students ( went camping ) last week. (_? 17. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (对括号部分提问) _ _ Diogenes _ _? 18. The way to keep fit is ( to eat food and take morn exercise). (对括号部分提问) _ _ the way to _ _? 2) 祈使句 祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语 you 常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句 （1）动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 （2）Be + adj. Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心！ （3）Lets + 动词原形