2022高考英语统考一轮复习第十章名词性从句参考课件新人教版

1、第十章名词性从句英语中， 名词充当的句子成分主要有主语、宾语、表语、同位语。然而， 在实际运用中， 如果这些成分仅仅用名词去充当的话往往不够用， 为更加准确地表达出句子的意思， 通常用一个句子去充当这些成分， 于是便产生了名词性从句。与句子成分相对应， 名词性从句也包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 主语主语从句 宾语 表语 同位语名词充当名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句(1)在整个句子中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。What we need is more practice. 我们需要的 （东西)是更多的实践。(2)在整个句子中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。I wonder if y

2、ou can do me a favor. 我想知道你是否可以帮我个忙。(3)在整个句子中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。That is what we need. 那是我们所需要的。(4)在整个句子中充当同位语的从句叫同位语从句。 I heard the news that our team had won. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。Danny left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. 丹尼留言给我秘书说他下午会再打电话。引导名词性从句的词有三类： 连词、连接代词和连接副词。 词形词义在句中所作的

3、成分连词that if/whether是否 连接代词who(ever)(无论)谁主语、 表语whom(ever)(无论)谁宾语whose(ever)(无论)谁的定语which(ever)(无论)哪个主语、 宾语、 表语what(ever)(无论)什么, 主语、 宾语、 表语 词形词义在句中所作的成分连接副词where(ever)(无论)在哪里状语when(ever)(无论)什么时候状语how(ever)(无论)怎样状语why为什么状语注意： 在连接副词中有一个特殊的词because, 可以引导表语从句。如：The boss scolded him. That was because he ca

4、me late. 注意与why引导的表语从句和定语从句的区别。He came late. Thats why the boss scolded him.The reason why the boss scolded him was that he came late.1. 连词(1)连词that在从句中没有意义， 也不充当任何句子成分， 只起连接作用。在引导宾语从句和表语从句时可以省略， 而引导主语从句和同位语从句时不可省。That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.(主语从句)地球绕着太阳转，这是我们大家都知道的。I know (t

5、hat) you are right(宾语从句)我知道你是对的。What we didnt know was (that) he would come(表语从句)我们不知道的是他会来。Ive come from Mr. Zhang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon(同位语从句)我从张先生那来， 带来了他今天下午不能来看你这个消息。(2)whether和if的区别在以下几种情况下只能用whether。引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只能用whether。Whether he will come is st

6、ill unknown. 他是否会来还不知道。The problem is whether he will come. 问题是他是否会来。The problem whether he will come has not been settled. 他是否会来这个问题还没解决。作介词宾语， 或者与不定式、or not 连用时， 只能用whether。I was worried about whether he will come. 我担心他是否会来。I dont know whether to go or not. 我不知道去还是不去。I dont know whether to go. 我不知

7、道去不去。例1I dont know _ he is well or not.【解析】 引导宾语从句，与or not连用只用whether, 不能用if。whether2. 连接代词(1)what引导的名词性从句中， what表示“的(东西)”和“什么”。在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。What we need is water. 我们需要的(东西)是水。例2A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.【解析】 what引导宾语从句， 并在从句中作宾语， 表示“一台电脑只能做你指示它去做的事情” 。what例3Choosing th

8、e right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. 【解析】what引导的名词性从句作介词on的宾语， what在从句中又充当介词for的宾语， 表示“你想用它做什么”。what(2)复合疑问连接代词whatever, whoever, whichever等引导的名词性从句， 意义为“无论什么”“无论谁”“无论哪一个”或“任何东西”“任何人”“任何一个”等， 可以变成相应的定语从句。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 任何最后离开房间的人应关灯。Anyo

9、ne who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.例4翻译： 一般认为给小孩子任何他想要的东西是不明智的。It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.whatever3. 连接副词： 连接副词在从句中作状语。 连接副词在起连接句子作用的同时， 还起到副词的作用Could you tell me where Mr White lives? 你能告诉我怀特先生住在哪儿吗？4. it在名词性从句中的用法(1)it 作形式主语由于主语从句位于句首，

10、 句子显得头重脚轻， 因此常把它移到后面， 句首用it来作形式主语。Whether he will come or not is still unknown.It is still unknown whether he will come or notit作形式主语的4个常见句型：It is 形容词that从句It is strange that he didnt come yesterdayIt is 名词词组that从句It is a pity that we cant go there It is 过去分词that从句It is reported that three people we

11、re killed in the traffic accidentIt 动词that从句It doesnt matter whether hell come or not例5It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.【解析】 句意：众所周知， 哪里有污染， 哪里就有危害。it为形式主语， 后面的主语从句where there is pollution, there is harm结构和意思都完整， 填只起连接作用， 在从句中不充当任何成分的that。that例6_was a pity that he missed t

12、he chance to take part in the contest.【解析】 此题考查it作形式主语的用法。根据句子结构可知， that引导的从句为主语从句， 作真正主语， 因此前面应有形式主语， 而形式主语只能用it。“很遗憾他错过了参加比赛的机会。” Finally(2)it作形式宾语如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语， 则用it作形式宾语， 将从句后置。We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别The news that he got the first pr

13、ize is surprising.(同位语从句)The news that youve heard isnt true.(定语从句)同位语从句中的that是连词， 在从句中不充当任何句子成分；定语从句中的that除了起连接作用外， 还在句子中充当一定的句子成分， 如例句中的that就在句子中充当宾语。从语义上来看， 同位语从句与先行词是等同关系， 一个具体， 一个抽象， 如例句中的先行词news和从句that he got the first prize, news的具体内容就是that he got the first prize。而定语从句中的从句是修饰先行词的， 如例句意思为“你听到的

14、消息”。例7I am delighted to hear the news _ you have passed the driving test.【解析】 that引导同位语从句， 解释说明前面抽象名词news的具体内容。 Finally用适当的连词、连接代词或连接副词填空。1. _ he does has nothing to do with me.2. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.3. _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.4. One of the me

15、n held the view _ what the book said was right.5. That is _ he likes the place so much.6. That is _ Lu Xun once lived.WhatwhetherThatthatwhywhere7. _ is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.8. The order came _ the soldiers had to leave the small village the next morning.9. _ Ba

16、rbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.10. _ well go camping depends on _ it will be fine tomorrow. 11. He told me the news, believe it or not, _ he had earned $1 000 in a single day. WhothatWhatWhetherwhetherthat12. _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others

17、.13. When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.14. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. 15. I truly believe _ beauty comes from within. Whatthatwherethat用适当的连词、连接代词或连接副词填空。1. _ she comes or not makes no difference. 2. _ he always serves the people very well is known

18、.3. The question is _ it is worth doing. 4. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.5. Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.6. The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.7. This is _ the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.WhetherThatwhether what whether that where8. It wor

19、ried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.9. _ makes mistakes must correct them.10. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.11. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.12. Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking ca

20、n lead to many diseases. thatWhoeverwhatwhatthat13. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. 14. There is a strong possibility _ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.15. They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that night began to

21、 fall.wherethatwhat用适当的连词、连接代词或连接副词填空。1. _ we go swimming every day does us a lot of good.2. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _ youre afraid to do.3. There is some doubt _he will come. 4. The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.5. _ you come or not is up to you.6. Th

22、ere is no doubt _he will come.7. _ has passed the test will get a prize.ThatwhatwhetherwhenWhetherthatWhoeve8. As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.9. The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge.10. One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it

23、can give you a great deal of pleasure.11. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?12. The reason why I was late is _ I missed the early bus.whatwhatthatwhat that13. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. 14. Its known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.15. The bride and groom g