对外经贸大学国贸学院金融试题

1、对外经贸大学国贸学院金融 国际贸易历年真题 99经贸综合知识试题注:第八题只限国贸专业考生答,第九题只限金融考生答一,名词解释 (3分/1题)1.国内生产总值 2.财政制度的内在稳定器 3.水平型国际分工 4.到达合同 5.外币期权 6.衍生金融工具 7.普遍优惠制 8.外汇留成制度二.单选 (1分/1题)1.在一国货币贬值后,下列哪个经济现象最不可能能发生:a.出口增加 b.进口增加 c.通货膨胀 d.通货紧缩2.作为未执行远期外汇合约的当事人,他将面临:a.交易风险 b.经济风险 c.经营风险 d.政治风险3.下列有关备用信用证的说明中,正确地说法是:a.备用信用证不受跟单信用证统一惯例的

2、约束 b.该证的开证行不以单证相符作为付款的条件c.只有当开证申请人履约时,受益人才得到银行的付款 d.备用信用证仅在国际工程承包业务中使用4.按照的规定,下列有关发盘撤回问题的表述中,()是错误的.a.发盘之所以能够撤回是因为发盘尚未生效 b.当发盘中规定了有效期时,该发盘不得撤回c.所有发盘均可以撤回,即使该发盘是不可撤回的 d.撤回的通知须先于发盘或与之同时到达受盘人5.出口价格指数与进口价格指数之比,称为:a.净贸易条件 b.收入贸易条件 c.单项因素贸易条件 d.购买力平价6.世界贸易组织将服务贸易分为( )大类a.9 b.10 c.11 d.127.如果x商品与y商品的相对价格是2

3、:1,某人消费x商品与y商品时的边际效用mux/muy之比是3:2,为实现效用最大化,应该()a.x商品的价格必须上升 b.消费者必须增加x商品的消费c.消费者必须增加y商品的消费,减少x商品的消费 d.消费者收入必须增加8.某一时间内,x商品的替代品的价格上升和互补品的价格上升,分别引起x商品的需求变动量为50单位和80单位,则在他们的共同作用下,该时期的x商品的需求量()a.增加30单位 b.减少30单位 c.增加130单位 d.减少130单位9.leontief paradox 是在验证()理论时提出来的.a.绝对优势理论 b.比较优势理论 c.竞争优势理论 d.要素贸易理论10.我国现

4、行的汇率制度是()a.有管理的单一固定汇率制度 b.有管理的单一浮动汇率制度c.有管理的双轨浮动汇率制度 d.由市场供求决定的浮动汇率制度三.多选 (1分/1题)1.下列哪些因素会使总需求曲线向右移动:a.增加名义货币供给量 b.增加政府购买支出 c.增加税收 d.增加政府转义支付2.对于生产函数q=f(l,k)和成本方程c=wl+rk来说,在最优的生产要素组合点上应该有( )a.等产量曲线和等成本曲线相切 b.rtslk=w/r c.rtslk=k/l=mpk/mpl d.mpl/w=mpk/r3.近年来,国际海运业务中使用越来越多的海运提单是由承运人签发的( )a.一种不可转让的运输单证

5、b.用以证明海上货物运输合同的凭证c.证明货物已经由承运人接管或装运的凭证 d.可以流通转让的所有权凭证5.当对一商品实行最高限价时,( )a.生产者会生产更多的商品以缩小供求之间的差距 b.引起抢购或黑市买卖c.产生商品过剩现象 d.商品供不应求,政府实行配给制6.乌拉圭回合谈判中达成的中,将补贴分为( )a.禁止使用补贴 b.不禁止使用补贴 c.可申诉的补贴 d.不可申诉的补贴7.运用保理业务,( ).a.进出口商不需事先协商 b.出口商品的价格高于托收下的价格c.出口商可免除外汇信贷风险 d.进出口商需事先协商8.只有在合同到期日,客户才可以要求银行执行交割的外汇业务是( )a.择期业务

6、 b.远期业务 c.欧式期权 d.美式期权9.若一国国际收支的经常帐户与资本金融帐户为顺差,则该国( )a.外汇储备增加或官方短期债权减少 b.外汇储备增加或官方短期债权增加c.外汇储备增加或官方短期债务减少 d.外汇储备减少或官方短期债务减少10.一国实行复汇制,会( )a.扩大出口 b.减少进口 c.扩大进口 d.被国际上认为是歧视性汇兑措施四,判断 (1分/1题)1.长期总成本包括长期固定成本和长期可变成本两部分2.当净出口是收入的函数,净资本流出入是利率的函数,则国际收支均衡函数bp曲线向右上方倾斜.3.在国际货物买卖中,当货物的风险转移给买方之后,卖方对货物与合同的不符概不承担责任4

7、.按第6条的规定,”缔约国为了抵消和防止倾销,可以对倾销的产品征收数量不低于这一产品的倾销差额的反倾销税,”5.自由贸易区通常之签定有自由贸易的国家所组成的经济贸易集团,在成员国之间逐步废除关税与数量限制,是区域内各成员国间的商品可以自由流动,但每个成员国不能保持对非成员国的贸易壁垒.6.由于银行要扣除包装费,运费,保险费,利息损失等,外汇现钞买入价就高于外汇牌价的买入价.7.卖方信贷下,贸易合同的付款条件是d/a8.一国通货膨胀加重,本币对外币的汇率必然贬值五,填空 (1分/1题)1.等产量曲线的主要特征为_,_,_.2.财政政策的主要工具包括_,_,_.3.由于差价税是随着国内外价格的变动

8、而变动,因此,它是一种_.4.1995年1月1日欧洲联盟成员数量由_国扩大到_国.六.回答问题(6分/题)1.为什么传统的经济学认为市场机制本身解决不了环境污染问题?你认为采取什么政策可以解决?为什么?2.已知某垄断厂商的需求函数为p=47-0.5q,边际成本函数为mc=5+q,问:该厂商的产品价格与销售数量应分别为多少才可以使其实现利润最大化?七,分析下列案例(7分)1.某企业按cfr条件从伦敦进口货物一批,已向中保财产保险有限公司投保了平安险(fpa).货物从伦敦装船后,因受恶劣天气袭击,部分货物遭受水渍损失.其后,载货船舶在运输中又曾发生触礁事故,但货物幸未受影响.试分析上述货物在装运港

9、伦敦装船以后,因恶劣天气所遭受的水渍损失能否向保险公司取得补偿.八.回答问题(国贸专业答,20分)1.叙述产业内贸易的特点与形成的原因九.回答(金融专业答,20分)1.我国某公司从日本进口机器设备一套,价值总额为1亿日元,经双方协商确定,我方可在美元和日元中任何一种货币作为计价货币,而支付货币为日元.已知:签约时汇价为1美元=100日元,付汇时汇价为1美元=80日元.(1).我方最终选择日元作为计价货币是否合适?为什么? (3分)(2).日元对美元时上浮还是下浮了? (2分)(3).若用日元作为支付货币,多付了还是少付了多少日元? (3分)2.某企业向某欧洲银行借款100,000美元,期限为3

10、个月,年利率12%.(1).该笔贷款的利息时先付还是后付,还是提用贷款后付? (2分)(2).该笔贷款的利息时多少美元? (4分) (3).该企业是按100,000美元还本还是按多少美元还本? (2分)(4).该企业实际担负的利率是12%,还是多少? (4分) 1.asia: one year lateron the first anniversary of asias worst recession in half a century, it is clear that the geoeconomic shape of the pacific rim will be far differen

11、t from what anyone anticipated just a year ago. the fulcrum of growth is slowly shifting from a senescent japan and stagnant southeast asia to a dynamic ,confident china, president clintons remarkable journey will likely mark this tectonic shift for future histories. consider these events taking pla

12、ce:china is choosing a strategy of pumping up domestic-ledeconomic growth, in contrast with the international monetary funds policy of austerity and japans weak yan-and-export push. by cutting interest rates, privatizing housing, inviting foreign investment, and keeping the renminbi stable, beijing

13、is increasing domestic demand and growth. certainly, china shares many of the woes afflicting asia-insolvent banks, lax regulatory enforcement, and corruption.yet its vigor in attacking these problems and its decision to opt for a strong currency set it apart and show real leadship.japan,in contrast

14、, is stick in a hermetically sealed society. despite the rhetoric of reform, its political and bureaucratic elites deny there is anything basically wrong and run the country as a pension state focused on an aging population. problems are described as isolated , and solutions take an inordinate amoun

15、t of time. seven years into a severe banking crisis, tokyo is just now passing legislation to create a resolution trust corp.-type unit. meanwhile, the unemployment rate soars to new records. among men, who constitute most of the labor force , it hit 4.3% in may, it is worse for the young. the joble

16、ss rate for men 15 to 24 years old rose to 8.4%foreign investment should be pouring in to reinvigorate growth, but little is allowed. mergers and acquisitions should be consolidating companies, but few are permitted. immigrants should be arriving to give new life to society and support the elderly,

17、but they are forbidden. outside ceos should be taking over failing corporations, but is not accepted. as much as china is invigorated, japan is stultified. the contrast is startling.southesat asia is in agogogohed back into poverty. depression is looming. indonesia is deindustrializing, with people

18、leaving cities to return to villages.chinese merchants are fleeing(up to 100,000 have left). overseas chinese capital that funded much of southeast asias past three decated of growth is drying up.2.framework agreement.the framework agreement is made up of six parts that lay out the basic parameters

19、of the gats. the six parts deal with(1) the scope and definition of gats,(2)general obligations, and disciplines of member states, (3)obligations and disciplines concerning specific commitments of member states,(4)a schedule for progressively liberalizating the worlds trade in services, (5)the insti

20、tutional structure for implementing the gats , and (6)miscellaneous provisions.while much of the gats is based on the provisions in the general agreement on tariffs and trade and uses much of the same terminology, the “architecture” of the agreement is significantly different. unlike gatt, which pro

21、vides for asingle set of the obligation that apply to all measures affecting trade in goods, the gats contains two sets of obligations (1)a set of general principles and rules that apply to all measures affecting trade in services and (2)a set of principles and rules that apply only to specific sect

22、ors and subsectors listed in a member states schedule. the consequence of this division of obligation is that the principles and rules in the gats, as we shall see, are less “binding” than those in the gatt.3. purposes of taxationtaxation schemes are usually created for three basic purposes: (1) to

23、raise revenue for government; (2)to encourage, regulate, or restrict local or foreign investment; and (3)to protect consumers or local producers.the rationale most commonly used for adopting or changing a particular tax scheme is to improve revenues. for example, the multinational oil companies that

24、 discovered and developed the petroleum industry in the middle east encouraged the local governments to impose a corporate income tax. although this seems irrational at first blush, it was a sound financial move. the countries, rather than taking a percentage royalty on profits (which was the arrang

25、ement originally agreed to), imposed an income tax on profits at a slightly higher percentage. the result was an increase in income for both the companies and the countries. this was because the companies could use the taxes they paid to the middle east countries to offset the taxes they paid to the

26、ir home-country governments.(royalties, by contrast, cannot-in most countries-be used to offset corporate income taxes.) this meant that the companies paid fewer taxes at home and, even though they were paying more to the host countries, their after-tax profits were large. a second example is the va

27、lue-added tax (vat), which generally produces greater revenues than a sales tax. in the last thirty years, some forty countries have switched to, or adopted directly, a vat.by contrast, the most difficult tax scheme for governments to alter is one that protects local products. producers are commonly

28、 able to lobby the governmentto maintain a particular scheme, even though it may run contrary to other governmental objectives. however, the protection of local producers is not necessarily a frivolous rational for a tax scheme, even in times of increased international trade.4. payment termsunless o

29、therwise agreed in writing, or implied from a prior course of dealing between the parties, payment of the price and of any other sums due by the buyer to the seller shall be on open account and time of payment shall be 30 daysfrom the date of invoice. the amount due shall be transferred, unless othe

30、rwise agreed, by teletransmission to the sellers bank in the sellers country for the account of the seller and the buyer shall be deemed to have performed his payment obligations when the respective sums due have been received by the sellers bank in immediately available funds.if the parties have ag

31、reed on payment in advance, without further indication, it will be assumed that such advance payment, unless otherwise agreed, refers to the full price, and that the advance payment must be received by the sellers bank in immediately available funds at least 30 days before the agreed date of deliver

32、y or the earliest date within the agreed delivery period. if advance payment has been agreed only for a part of the contract price, the payment conditions of the remaining amount will be determined according to the rules set forth in this article.5. types of dividendscash dividends. the most customa

33、ry type of dividend is the cash dividend declared and paid at regular intervals depending in amount upon the policy of the board of directors and earnings of the enterprise. references to “regular” dividends in a charter or contract are considered as referring to a distributionof the earned surplus

34、in the form of cash. while dividends are almost invariably paid in cash, in a few instances a distribution of earnings has been made to shareholders in the form of property and has been termed a property dividend. on one occasion, a distillery declared and paid a dividend in bonded whiskey.stock div

35、idends. a stock dividend is a ratable distribution of additional shares of the capital stock of the corporation to its shareholders. it is reflected on the books of the corporation by a reduction in surplus account equal to the amount of the stock dividend and a corresponding increase in the stated

36、capital account. the practical and legal significance of a stock dividend differsgreatly from a dividend payable in cash or property. following the payment ofa stock dividend, the assests of the corporation are no less than they were before, and the shareholder does not have any greater relative int

37、erest in the net worth of the corporation than he had before except possibly where the dividend is paid in shares of a different class. his shares will each represent a smaller proportionate interest in the assets of the corporation, but by reasonof the increase in the number of shares his total inv

38、estment will remain the same. the declaration and payment of a stock dividend means that surplus whichmay have beenpreviously available for distribution or other uses is thereafter frozen in stated capital.a stock dividend should not be confused with a stock split. by the latter, each of the issued

39、and outstanding shares is simply broked up into a greater number of shares, each representing aproportionately smaller interest in the corporation. a stock split effects no change in the stated capital or in the surplus account.where there is more than one class of shares outstanding it is possible

40、for either a stock dividend or a stock split in one class to alter the relative voting stregogo.6 saving and inflationthe greater part of the research, however, has been into the relationship between inflation and the savings ratio. most of the studies have found a positiveconnection between these t

41、wo variables, but there is some disagreement as to why the inflation rate should affect the savings ratio.one theory(deaton 1977)explains the relationship in terms of consumers failing to perceive that actual rate of inflation. the suggestion is that consumers underestimate the average price level a

42、nd are therefore unduly shocked at the apparently “excessive”rise in the price of particular commodities. until such time as consumers recognize the true(and higher) level of average prices, purchases of these commodities will have been cut back in response to the assumed sharp increase in individua

43、l prices. savings will therefore rise as a result of this “inflation surprise” effect. this theory suggests that it is unanticipated inflation that matters, so that the effect on consumption, and therefore savings, will be particularly strong in the early stages of inflation when the rate of inflati

44、on isaccelerating.a study by bulkley(1981) has supplemented the above theory, showing that even if inflation is fully anticipated the savings ratio will increase as long as anticipated inflation is itself increasing. even if inflation is fully anticipated, workers real wages will still have fluctuat

45、ed throughout the year, since money wages are usually set on only one occasion in the year. real wages will therefore be at a maximum when the money wage is first set, falling to a minimum a year later as prices progressively rise. in order to smooth out his or her real consumption pattern over the

46、year, an individual will save more each week early in the contract period, and correspondingly less later in the contract period. if inflation is constant, and if wage contracts are spread evenly over the year, then the additional savings of some will cancel out the reducedsavings of others, and the

47、re will be no aggregate effect on the savings ratio. however, when anticipated inflation is increasing and with it the money wage, then the extra savings by those who have recently received higher wageawards will more than offset the reduction in the savings of those nearing the end of their nominal

48、 wage contracts, and the savings ratio will rise.对外经济贸易大学2000年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试国际贸易综合试题（本试题旨在测试考生的综合专业基础能力，考生在回答问题前，请首先认真阅读各题的要求）一 简单准确解释下列名词（3分/题，共24分）1 市场失灵 2 机会成本 3 李嘉图的比较成本说 4 规模报酬5 欧洲货币市场 6 加工贸易 7 反倾销税 8 联系汇率制二 以下各题的答案中，只有一个是合适的，请选择你认为合适的答案，并在编号字母上划“”号（1分/题，共10分）1外汇的购买者或出卖者在合约的有效期内任何一天，只可要求银行实行交割的外

49、汇业务是：a择期业务 b。期权业务c远期外汇业务 d。掉期业务2以下外汇风险管理方法中，可同时消除时间和货币风险的方法是：a借款法 b。远期合同法c提前收付法 d。投资法3下列各项中，（ ）不是构成共同海损的条件。a 共同海损的危险必须是真实存在的，并威胁到船货的共同安全b 采取的牺牲是有意识的，而且是合理的c 所付出的牺牲和支付的费用产生了效果d 共同海损必须是船和货都遭受了损失4本票和汇票的区别在于：a 本票是书面支付承诺，汇票是书面支付命令b 本票都是即期付款，汇票有远期即期之分c 本票的付款人都是银行，汇票的付款人不一定是银行d 本票的付款是有条件的，汇票的付款是无条件的5李斯特提出保

50、护的对象是：a农业 b。能与外国产品竞争的产业c不能与外国产品竞争的幼稚产业 d。传统工业6世界贸易组织于（ ）建立并运行：a1947 b。1993c1994 d。19957经济学中的“短期”和“长期”是根据下列哪一个条件划分的：a生产周期的时间长短 b。生产要素在一定时期内是否可全部调整c产量在一定时期内是否可以调整 d。生产规模在一定时期内是否可以调整8正常商品价格上升导致需求减少的原因在于：a替代效应使需求量增加，收入效应使需求量减少b替代效应使需求量增加，收入效应使需求量增加c替代效应使需求量减少，收入效应使需求量减少d替代效应使需求量减少，收入效应使需求量增加9 洛美协定是欧盟与（

51、）签署的特殊贸易优惠协定。a非洲发展中国家 b。加勒比地区发展中国家c非洲、加勒比和太平洋发展中国家 d。南太平洋发展中国家10当一国经济处于is曲线左侧，lm曲线右侧时：ais, lm b. is, lmc. is, lm d. im三 下列各题的答案中，有若干个是合适的，请选择你认为合适的答案，并在括号内划上“”号。（1分/题，共10分）（说明：括号本来在字母前面，这里没有打出来）1公共产品与私人产品的区别为：a 公共产品是由政府提供，私人产品是由私人提供b 公共产品的消费者是公共部门，私人产品的消费者是私人经济行为者c 公共产品的消费具有非排他性，私人产品的消费具有排他性d 公共产品的消

52、费具有非抗争性，私人产品的消费具有抗争性2周期性失业是指：a 由于某些行业生产的季节性变动所引起的使用b 由于劳动力市场结构的特点，劳动力的流动不能适应劳动力需求的变动所引起的失业c 由于总需求不足所引起的短期失业d 由于在现行工资水平和工作条件下仍找不到工作的失业3下列有关分期装运（shipment by installment）的说法中，与惯例的规定相符的是：a 规定分期装运时，只需在条款中规定允许或不允许b 分期装运条款中要规定每批货的数量和交货时间c 规定分期装运时，每批货的交货数量必须相等d 任何一期未按规定装运，信用证从该期开始作废4当被保险人投保水渍险时，保险人承保的范围包括：a

53、 保险标的实际全损和推定全损 b 因意外事故导致的部分损失c 因自然灾害导致的部分损失 d 外来风险所造成的货物损失5总需求曲线上国民收入与价格水平的配合要求：a 国民收入与价格同方向变动 b 国民收入与价格反方向变动c 商品市场和货币市场同时均衡 d 利率和名义货币供给量保持不变6一国的国际储备通常包括：a 该国保有的可兑换货币及其表示的支付凭证和信用凭证 b 居民手中的外汇c 在imf的储备头寸 d 特别提款权7保护贸易的利益主要有：a 增加国内就业 b 形成相互有利的国际分工c 促进竞争，组织垄断 d 有利于贸易条件的改善8与固定汇率制度相比，浮动汇率制度的主要优点有：a 汇率能发挥其调

54、节国际收支的杠杆作用b 有助于消除外汇投机c 减少对外汇储备的需要d 有助于保持货币政策的稳定性9在均衡国民收入水平上a 计划投资等于非计划投资 b 存货投资等于零c 非计划存货投资等于零 d 计划存货投资等于非计划存货投资10下列离岸金融中心中，属于集中性中心的是：a 伦敦 b 香港 c 新加坡 d 国际银行设施四 判断下列各题的叙述是否正确，正确的在括号内划勾，错误的划叉。（1分/题，共8分）1有差别存在就会有垄断，但有差别的产品之间并不存在垄断。 （ ）2垄断厂商在实现短期均衡时，可能会出现亏损，即经济利润为负。 （ ）3国际商会新颁布的2000通则中规定，按照fas条件成交时，由买方自

55、负风险和费用办理货物出口的清关手续。（ ）4马克思指出：“对外贸易的扩大，虽然在资本主义生产方式的幼年时期是这种生产方式的基础，但在资本主义生产方式的发展中，由于这种生产方式的外在必然性，由于这种生产方式要求不断扩大市场，它成为这种生产方式本身的产物”。 （ ）5晚期重商主义也为贸易平衡论。 （ ）6托收方式下，银行只是作为受托人替出口人收款，他没有检查单据的义务，因此，如果出口人出具伪造单据，造成进口人的损失，银行不承担责任。 （ ）7在寄售方式下，寄售人和代销人之间签定的寄售协议属于行纪合同的性质。 （ ）8汇率变化会对所有的外币资产或负债产生影响，因而，所有的外币资产和负债都要承担风险。

56、 （ ）五 填空（1分/空， 共9分）1 外汇风险可以分为会计风险、_和_三种。2 哈罗德认为一个国家的经济增长率取决于_和_。3 生产要素的需求特点主要表现为_，_。4 根据美国1988年综合贸易法，如果发现别国侵犯了美国的知识产权，可引用_进行报复。5 对于单个厂商来说，只有在_市场结构中，厂商的平均收益、边际收益和_才相等。六 回答以下两个问题 （6分/题，共12分）1在80年代以前，美国农产品的需求主要来自其他国家，据统计1981年美国的小麦供给为：qs=1800+p小麦的总需求为：qd=3550-266p小麦的国内需求为：qd=1000-46p试中价格的单位为美元/蒲式耳，数量为百万蒲式耳/年，试分析：（1） 小麦的市场均衡价格和数量为多少？（2） 若小麦的出口需求下降了40%，美国小麦的市场价格会发生什么变化？为什么美国农民为此担忧？（3） 1985年美国政府价格支持计划使小麦价格维持在3美元/蒲式耳，如果没有出口需求，政府应每年购买多少小麦？这将使政府每年花费多少钱？2假设某经济的消费函数为：c=100+0.8y其中y为国民收入，投资i=100，政府购买支出g=200，政府转移支付tr=62.5（单位为10亿美元），税率t=0.25（1） 求出均衡国民收入。（2） 求出投资和政府税收乘数（3） 当政府将一笔支出用在