物理化学习题集2

1、第一部分概念及术语 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z第二部分练习题第三部分模拟题及答案前言15概念及术语16BET公式BET formula16DLVO理论 DLVO theory16HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance method16pVT性质 pVT property16电势 zeta potential16阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadronumber16阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law16阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory16阿累尼乌斯方程Ar

2、rhenius equation17阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation energy17阿马格定律 Amagat law17艾林方程 Erying equation17爱因斯坦光化当量定律 Einsteins law of photochemical equivalence17爱因斯坦斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation17安托万常数 Antoine constant17安托万方程 Antoine equation17盎萨格电导理论Onsagers theory of conductance17半电池half cell17半衰期half tim

3、e period18饱和液体 saturated liquids18饱和蒸气 saturated vapor18饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption18饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure18爆炸界限 explosion limits18比表面功 specific surface work18比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function18比浓粘度 reduced viscosity18标准电动势 standard electromotive force18标准电极电势 standard elect

4、rode potential18标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpy18标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molar reaction18标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy19标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function19标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free energy function19标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy19标准摩尔

5、熵 standard molar entropy19标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy19标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function19标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant19标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode19标准态 standard state19标准熵 standard entropy20标准压力 standard pressure20标准状况 standard condition20表观活化能apparent

6、activation energy20表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight20表观迁移数apparent transference number20表面 surfaces20表面过程控制 surface process control20表面活性剂surfactants21表面吸附量 surface excess21表面张力 surface tension21表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law21波义尔定律 Boyle law21波义尔温度 Boyle temperature21波义尔点 Boyle point21玻尔兹曼常数 Bolt

7、zmann constant22玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution22玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula22玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem22泊Poise22不可逆过程 irreversible process22不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes22不可逆相变化 irreversible phase change22布朗运动 brownian movement22查理定律 Charles law22产率 yield23敞开系统 open system23超电

8、势 over potential23沉降 sedimentation23沉降电势 sedimentation potential23沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium23触变 thixotropy23粗分散系统 thick disperse system23催化剂 catalyst23单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption23单分子反应 unimolecular reaction23单链反应 straight chain reactions24弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter24道尔顿定律 Dalton law24道

9、尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law24德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect24德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula24德拜休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckels limiting equation24等焓过程 isenthalpic process24等焓线isenthalpic line24等几率定理 theorem of equal probability24等温等容位Helmholtz free energy25等温等压位Gibbs free energy25等温方程 equation at c

10、onstant temperature25低共熔点 eutectic point25低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture25低会溶点 lower consolute point25低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric26第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind26第三定律熵 Third-Law entropy26第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind26缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption26电池常数 cell constant26电池电动势 electr

11、omotive force of cells26电池反应 cell reaction27电导 conductance27电导率 conductivity27电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force27电动电势 zeta potential27电功electric work27电化学 electrochemistry27电化学极化 electrochemical polarization27电极电势 electrode potential27电极反应 reactions on the electrode27电极种类 type

12、of electrodes27电解池 electrolytic cell28电量计 coulometer28电流效率current efficiency28电迁移 electro migration28电迁移率 electromobility28电渗 electroosmosis28电渗析 electrodialysis28电泳 electrophoresis28丁达尔效应 Dyndall effect28定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume28定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer28定压摩尔热容 mol

13、ar heat capacity under constant pressure29定压温度计 constant pressure thermometer29定域子系统 localized particle system29动力学方程kinetic equations29动力学控制 kinetics control29独立子系统 independent particle system29对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume29对比体积 reduced volume29对比温度 reduced temperature29对比压力 reduced pressure29对称数 sym

14、metry number29对行反应reversible reactions29对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state29多方过程polytropic process30多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers30二级反应second order reaction30二级相变second order phase change30法拉第常数 faraday constant31法拉第定律 Faradays law31反电动势back E.M.F.31反渗透 reverse osmosis31反

15、应分子数 molecularity31反应级数 reaction orders31反应进度 extent of reaction32反应热heat of reaction32反应速率rate of reaction32反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate32范德华常数 van der Waals constant32范德华方程 van der Waals equation32范德华力 van der Waals force32范德华气体 van der Waals gases32范特霍夫方程 vant Hoff equation32范特霍夫规则 vant Hoff

16、rule33范特霍夫渗透压公式 vant Hoff equation of osmotic pressure33非基元反应 non-elementary reactions33非体积功 non-volume work33非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions33菲克扩散第一定律 Ficks first law of diffusion33沸点 boiling point33沸点升高 elevation of boiling point33费米狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics33分布 distribution33

17、分布数 distribution numbers34分解电压 decomposition voltage34分配定律 distribution law34分散系统 disperse system34分散相 dispersion phase34分体积 partial volume34分体积定律 partial volume law34分压 partial pressure34分压定律 partial pressure law34分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions34分子间力 intermolecular force34分子蒸馏molecular dis

18、tillation35封闭系统 closed system35附加压力 excess pressure35弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption35负极 negative pole35负吸附 negative adsorption35复合反应composite reaction35盖吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law35盖斯定律 Hess law35甘汞电极 calomel electrode35感胶离子序 lyotropic series35杠杆规则 lever rule35高分子溶液 macromolecular

19、solution36高会溶点 upper consolute point36隔离法the isolation method36格罗塞斯德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoers law36隔离系统 isolated system37根均方速率 root-mean-square speed37功 work37功函work content37共轭溶液 conjugate solution37共沸温度 azeotropic temperature37构型熵configurational entropy37孤立系统 isolated system37固溶胶 solid sol37固态混合物 soli

20、d solution38固相线 solid phase line38光反应 photoreaction38光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry38光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry38光敏反应 photosensitized reactions38光谱熵 spectrum entropy38广度性质 extensive property38广延量 extensive quantity38广延性质 extensive property38规定熵 stipulated entropy38过饱和溶液 over

21、saturated solution38过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor38过程 process39过渡状态理论 transition state theory39过冷水 super-cooled water39过冷液体 overcooled liquid39过热液体 overheated liquid39亥姆霍兹函数 Helmholtz function39亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion39亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy39亥氏函数 Helmholtz function39焓 enthalpy39亨利常

22、数 Henry constant39亨利定律 Henry law39恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture40恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant volume40恒容热 heat at constant volume40恒外压 constant external pressure40恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure40恒压热 heat at constant pressure40化学动力学chemical kinetics40化学反应计量式 stoichiometric

23、 equation of chemical reaction40化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction40化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction41化学亲合势 chemical affinity41化学热力学chemical thermodynamics41化学势 chemical potential41化学势判据 chemical potential criterion41化学吸附 chemisorptions41环境 environment41环境熵变 entropy change in

24、 environment41挥发度volatility41混合熵 entropy of mixing42混合物 mixture42活度 activity42活化控制 activation control42活化络合物理论 activated complex theory42活化能activation energy43霍根-华森图 Hougen-Watson Chart43基态能级 energy level at ground state43基希霍夫公式 Kirchhoff formula43基元反应elementary reactions43积分溶解热 integration heat of

25、dissolution43吉布斯杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation43吉布斯亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation43吉布斯函数 Gibbs function43吉布斯函数判据 Gibbs function criterion44吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula44吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy44吉氏函数 Gibbs function44极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode44极化曲线 polarization curves44极化作用 polarizati

26、on44极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity44几率因子 steric factor44计量式 stoichiometric equation44计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient45价数规则 rule of valence45简并度 degeneracy45键焓bond enthalpy45胶冻 broth jelly45胶核 colloidal nucleus45胶凝作用 demulsification45胶束micelle45胶体 colloid45胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid45胶体

27、化学 collochemistry45胶体粒子 colloidal particles45胶团 micelle45焦耳Joule45焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment46焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-Thomson coefficient46焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect46焦耳定律 Joules law46接触电势contact potential46接触角 contact angle46节流过程 throttling process46节流膨胀 throttling expansion46节流膨胀系数 coefficient of

28、 throttling expansion46结线 tie line46结晶热heat of crystallization47解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption47界面 interfaces47界面张力 surface tension47浸湿 immersion wetting47浸湿功 immersion wetting work47精馏 rectify47聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte47聚沉 coagulation47聚沉值 coagulation value47绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate t

29、heory47绝对熵 absolute entropy47绝对温标absolute temperature scale48绝热过程 adiabatic process48绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter48绝热指数 adiabatic index48卡诺定理 Carnot theorem48卡诺循环 Carnot cycle48开尔文公式 Kelvin formula48柯诺瓦洛夫吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law48科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrauschs Law of Independent Migration of Ions48可能的电解质po

30、tential electrolyte49可逆电池 reversible cell49可逆过程 reversible process49可逆过程方程 reversible process equation49可逆体积功 reversible volume work49可逆相变 reversible phase change49克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation49克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality49克劳修斯克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation49控制步骤 control step50库仑计 coulometer50扩散控制

31、diffusion controlled50拉普拉斯方程 Laplaces equation50拉乌尔定律 Raoult law50兰格缪尔欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism50雷利公式 Rayleigh equation50兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula50冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration50冷却曲线 cooling curve51离解热heat of dissociation51离解压力dissociation pressure51离域子系统 non-lo

32、calized particle systems51离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion51离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions51离子的迁移数 transport number of ions51离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions51离子氛 ionic atmosphere51离子强度 ionic strength51理想混合物 perfect mixture52理想气体 ideal gas52理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gas

33、es52理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas52理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions52理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases52理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas52理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution52理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture52粒子 particles52粒子的配分函数 partition fu

34、nction of particles53连串反应consecutive reactions53链的传递物 chain carrier53链反应 chain reactions53量热熵 calorimetric entropy53量子统计quantum statistics53量子效率 quantum yield53临界参数 critical parameter53临界常数 critical constant53临界点 critical point53临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration53临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume54临界温

35、度 critical temperature54临界压力 critical pressure54临界状态 critical state54零级反应zero order reaction54流动电势 streaming potential54流动功 flow work54笼罩效应 cage effect54路易斯兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity54露点 dew point54露点线 dew point line54麦克斯韦关系式 Maxwell relations55麦克斯韦速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds55麦克

36、斯韦能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy55毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary55毛细现象 capillary phenomena55米凯利斯常数 Michaelis constant55摩尔电导率 molar conductivity56摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy56摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing56摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant56摩尔热容 molar heat capacity56摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy56摩尔稀

37、释焓 mole dilution enthalpy56内扩散控制 internal diffusions control56内能 internal energy56内压力 internal pressure56能级 energy levels56能级分布 energy level distribution57能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy57能斯特方程 Nernst equation57能斯特热定理 Nernst heat theorem57凝固点 freezing point57凝固点降低 lowering of freezin

38、g point57凝固点曲线 freezing point curve58凝胶 gelatin58凝聚态 condensed state58凝聚相 condensed phase58浓差超电势 concentration over-potential58浓差极化 concentration polarization58浓差电池 concentration cells58帕斯卡pascal58泡点 bubble point58泡点线 bubble point line58配分函数 partition function58配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition fun

39、ction to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state58碰撞截面 collision cross section59碰撞数 the number of collisions59偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities59平衡常数（理想气体反应） equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases59平动配分函数 partition function of translation59平衡分布 equ

40、ilibrium distribution59平衡态 equilibrium state60平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation60平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram60平均活度 mean activity60平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient60平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat capacity60平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity60平均自由程mean free path60平行反应parallel reactions61破乳 demulsification61

41、铺展 spreading61普遍化范德华方程 universal van der Waals equation61其它功 the other work61气化热heat of vaporization61气溶胶 aerosol61气体常数 gas constant61气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases61气体分子运动论的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases62气溶胶 aerosol62气相线 vapor line62迁移数 transport number62潜热latent heat62强度量

42、intensive quantity62强度性质 intensive property62亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol62氢电极 hydrogen electrodes62区域熔化zone melting62热 heat62热爆炸 heat explosion62热泵 heat pump63热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat63热函heat content63热化学thermochemistry63热化学方程thermochemical equation63热机 heat engine63热机效率 efficiency of heat engine6

43、3热力学 thermodynamics63热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics63热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics63热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics63热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynamics64热力学几率 thermodynamic probability64热力学能 thermodynamic energy64热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function64热

44、力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature64热力学温度thermodynamic temperature64热熵thermal entropy64热效应heat effect64熔点曲线 melting point curve64熔化热heat of fusion64溶胶 colloidal sol65溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy65溶液 solution65溶胀 swelling65乳化剂 emulsifier65乳状液 emulsion65润湿 wetting65润湿角 wetting angle65萨克尔泰特洛德方程 Sackur-

45、Tetrode equation66三相点 triple point66三相平衡线 triple-phase line66熵 entropy66熵判据 entropy criterion66熵增原理 principle of entropy increase66渗透压 osmotic pressure66渗析法 dialytic process67生成反应 formation reaction67升华热heat of sublimation67实际气体 real gas67舒尔采哈迪规则 Schulze-Hardy rule67松驰力relaxation force67松驰时间time of

46、relaxation67速度常数reaction rate constant67速率方程rate equations67速率控制步骤rate determining step68塔费尔公式 Tafel equation68态态反应 state-state reactions68唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium68淌度 mobility68特鲁顿规则 Trouton rule68特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity68体积功 volume work68统计权重 statistical weight68统计热力学 statistic thermodynamics68统计熵

47、 statistic entropy68途径 path68途径函数 path function69外扩散控制 external diffusion control69完美晶体 perfect crystalline69完全气体 perfect gas69微观状态 microstate69微态 microstate69韦斯顿标准电池 Weston standard battery69维恩效应Wien effect69维里方程 virial equation69维里系数 virial coefficient69稳流过程 steady flow process69稳态近似法 stationary s

48、tate approximation69无热溶液athermal solution70无限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution70物理化学 Physical Chemistry70物理吸附 physisorptions70吸附 adsorption70吸附等量线 adsorption isostere70吸附等温线 adsorption isotherm70吸附等压线 adsorption isobar70吸附剂 adsorbent70吸附量 extent of adsorption70吸附热 heat of adsorption70吸附

49、质 adsorbate70析出电势 evolution or deposition potential71稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of dilute solutions71稀释焓 dilution enthalpy71系统 system71系统点 system point71系统的环境 environment of system71相 phase71相变 phase change71相变焓 enthalpy of phase change71相变化 phase change71相变热 heat of phase change71相点 phase point

50、71相对挥发度relative volatility72相对粘度 relative viscosity72相律 phase rule72相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium72相图 phase diagram72相倚子系统 system of dependent particles72悬浮液 suspension72循环过程 cyclic process72压力商 pressure quotient72压缩因子 compressibility factor73压缩因子图 diagram of compressibility factor73亚稳状态 m

51、etastable state73盐桥 salt bridge73盐析 salting out73阳极 anode73杨氏方程 Youngs equation73液体接界电势 liquid junction potential73液相线 liquid phase lines73一级反应first order reaction73一级相变first order phase change74依时计量学反应 time dependent stoichiometric reactions74逸度 fugacity74逸度系数 coefficient of fugacity74阴极 cathode75荧光 fluorescence75永动机 perpetual motion machine75永久气体 Permanent gas75有效能 available energy75原电池 primary cell75原盐效应 salt effect75增比粘度 specific viscosity75憎液溶胶 lyophobic sol75沾湿 adhesional wetting75沾湿功 the work of adhesional wetting75真溶液 true solution76真实电解质real electrolyte76真实气体 real gas76真实迁移数true tr