考研英语阅读理解精选试题与答案解析

1、考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析UnitlPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer thequestions below each text by choosingA, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points )Text 1It s plain common sense? D the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It s plain common sens

2、e, but it snot true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happines

3、s and vice versa. But when researchers measure people s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on

4、 how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for u

5、nhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn t appear to be anyone s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling ?D happiness is a sense of subjectiv

6、e well- being. They have also begun to find out who happy, who isn a nd why. To date, the research hasn t found a simple formula for a happy life, butitis unhappiness we are happy,less influenced bywe are morehas discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that m

7、ost desired of feelings.responsive topeopleandkeepup connectionsbetter than when weare feelingsad. This doesnmean, however,thatsomepeopleare born tobesad and that shat.Genesmaypredispose onetounhappiness,but dispositioncanbe influencedbyWhentincrease your happinessWhy environment?personal choice. Yo

8、u can through your own actions.1. According to the text, it is true thatA unhappiness is more inherited than affected byenvironment.and unhappiness are mutuallyB happiness conditional.is subject to external more thanC unhappiness internal factors.is an uncontrollable subjectiveD happiness feeling.2.

9、 The author argues that one can achieve happiness bymaintaining it at an average level. escaping miserable occurrences in life. pursuing it with one s painstaking effort.realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.“To date ”(Par.4) can be best:A:B:c :D 3. The phrase replaced byA As a result. BIn addi

10、tion. C At present.D Until now.4. What do you think theauthorbelieves abouthappiness and unhappiness?A One feels unhappyowingto his miserableorigin.B They are independent but existing concurrentlyC One feels happy by participating in more activities.D They are actions and attitudes taken by human be

11、ings.5. The sentence “ That that ” (Par. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sadA and the situation cannot be altered.B and happiness remains inaccessible.C but they don t think much about it.D but they remain unconscious of it.Text 2The legal limit for driving after drinking alcohol is80

12、milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink before you reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, if you ve just eaten and what sort of drinks you ve had. Some people might reach thei

13、r limit after only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by justone or two drinks. Even if you re below the legal limit,you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour for the body to ge

14、t rid of the alcoholin one standard drink. So, if you have aheavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, or youcould even find that youre still over the legal limit. Inaddition,if you ve had a few drinks at lunchtime,anotherone or two dri

15、nks in the early evening maywell put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a set of movable posts. and the less able they were to do it!So the only way to be sure yo

16、u reioafe drinkat all.Alcohol is a major cause of road traffic accidents.One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels of alcohol which are over the legal limit, and road accidentsafter drinkingare the biggestcause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by

17、the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you ve beendrinkingdoesn t just affect you. Ifyou r involved in an accident it affectsa lot ofother people as well, not least the personyou mightkill

18、or injure.6. The amount of alcohol a driver can drink within the legal limit isA about 80mg of pure alcohol.B about three standard drinks.C in proportion to his weight.D varying with different people.7. You might be accused of drunk driving whenA you drive upon having some drinks.B you become a help

19、less alcohol addict.C your driving is found abnormal for drinking.D your alcohol percentage fails the test.8. A test showed that drunken professional drivers couldA have greater confidence than sober ones.B move away a set of posts on the test ground.C fail in the test despite their self-affirmation

20、.D serve as alarming examples to potential drivers.9. Alcohol is the major cause of traffic accidents becauseA more than 30% road casualties are drink drivers.B drinking affects people s mind and emotion.C about one-third drivers are used to drinking.D young drivers are familiar among traffic victim

21、s.10. About drink driving, the author warns you of the fact that youAmay be taken to court by the police.B are putting yourself in danger.C may hurt or kill another driver.D are setting other people at risk.Text 3There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another

22、. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them

23、. In a market, transaction may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods suchas automobiles, shoesandpizzas aretradedagainst each other. Obviously, finding somebody whowants to trademy oldcarin exchange for asailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, thefor the ma

24、rket control by some agency This agency will issue edicts as to how much of each shouldsystem over (orders) goodmodernoris all or and andintroduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the market economy, goods and services are bought sold for money.An alternativeth

25、eIn a consumption every personadministrative transactions. commands service should be produced, exchanged, consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by v

26、arious firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.traditional society, production andpatterns are governed by tradition; s place within the economic system is fixed by parentage(o

27、rigin), religion,and custom.Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belongingto a certaingroup or caste(socialclass) may havean obligation to care for otherpersons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system

28、 where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant (unchanging) society may result.11. The main purpose of the text is tointerpret the essence of general economics. compare barter and cash-exchange markets. outline contrasting types of eco

29、nomic systems. argue for the superiority of a certain economy.:A: :B :c :D:12. The word “real八“11Vinreal goods(Par.2) couldbest be replaced byA genuine. Bconcrete.:C durable.: D practical.13. Accordingto thetext, abarter economymaylead toA unfair transaction.:Bdirect conflicts.C gradual deflation.:D

30、 trading troubles.14. In an administeredsystem,businessactivities areunder the direction ofA major economicorganizations.:Bgeneralpublic advisory body.C large commercialcompanies.:D certainofficial departments.15. All of the following arementionedasfactorsdeterminingone splace ina traditionalsoci et

31、yEXCEPTA family background. B age and education. C religious beliefs. D established experience.Text 4It s possible that while you are at work, you may dreamabouta monthof Sundays, but your bosswishes for a week of Tuesday. That sbecause she/he probably knows that productivity is one of the main fact

32、orsbolstering(supporting) acompany sgrowth. Anda recentpoll showsthatworkersaremost productive on Tuesdays!Accountemps, an employment agency, conducted a national survey of office managers, which shows that by the middle of the week, they see a dramatic productivity decrease. While Monday is conside

33、red second in “ productivity value, ” only nine percent of office managers think Wednesday is the peak productivity day. Five percent believe it is Thursday. And Friday, well, you can just imagine! However, forty-eight percent of the managers polled said that Tuesday is, by far, the most productive

34、day of the week.A close analysis of workweek rhythms would turn up some obvious reasons for those survey results. First of all, Monday is overloaded with meetings, designed to “ get things moving, ” and everybody knows meetings aren t very productive. Wednesdayis“ hump day ” (驼峰日)?D get over it as p

35、ainlessly as possible, a worker thinks, and the week is more than halfway over. On Thursday, people are running out of steam; and Friday, everybody sthinking about the weekend. There are reasons why the other days aren t produc tive, but what makes Tuesday special?Tuesdays, employees hit peak perfor

36、mance because they are very focused on day-to-day activities. Also, it usually the first day of the week when they refocused on their own task. They re not in meetings that take them away from their primary responsibilities. Actually,Tuesdays can bequite hectic (full of excitementand without rest).W

37、orkers are arriving at work fairly frantic (wildly excited).And so, in 10 hours, they redoing 20-hourwork. That s productive, but it s also tough.This does not mean that nothing happens on the last three days of the workweek. Things do not get so lax that people are sitting with their feet on desks,

38、 sipping coffee and talking on the phone all day, but there a definite lack of focus. The pace softens and the rhythm slows down. And this is not healthy: it produces fatigue and lowers productivity. To prevent this midweek slowdown, some managementconsultants suggest that employers avoid jamming so

39、 many meetings into Mondays. Work deadlines can be rescheduled to stretch out the workflow. Variations in productivity are only natural, but both workers and bosses win when the peaks and valleys are less dramatic than they are now.16. According to the poll, which of the following days is most produ

40、ctive?A Thursday. B Friday. C Monday. D Wednesday.17. The peak productivity day of the week is marked byA violent excitement and activity.B due enthusiasm and creativity.C hurried and disordered movement.:D18. The word “lax ”A usually negligible. C totally distractive.19. With respect to thefull con

41、centration and efficiency.in the last paragraph meansB lacking in control.D worthy of relaxing. changes in productivity, thetext suggests thatAwork deadlines can be readjusted.B they are reasonable and expectable.C Monday meetings may be called off.D their differences are to be minimized.20. The aut

42、hor has explained all of the following EXCEPTA the steps taken to alter workweek rhythms.B the productivity on the 6th day of the week.C the reason why midweek slowdown takes place.D the concern bosses have about low productivity.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text a

43、bout marketing strategies. Choose the most suitable headingfrom the list A ?D F for eachnumbered paragraph(21 ?D 25). The first and lastparagraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A Which marketing

44、tactic must an entity take?B Quality first, competition secondC Exemplify offensive measuresD Complex factors cause due market analysisE The motive for proceeds also functionsF Strategy varies with external conditionsThere are three general marketing strategies that an organization can adopt.21. The

45、 first is an aggressive strategy, characterized bygenerating a great deal of promotion, varying prices, changing the times and places at which the products/services are offered, differentiating the products/servicesfrom those of competingorganizations, hiring creative salespersons to promotethe prod

46、ucts/services, spending lots of money on marketing activities, and so forth.22. The second general marketing strategy is a minimal one, characterized by doing very little promotion, pricing below market, offering services at traditional places and times, spending very little money on promotion and s

47、alespersons, and so forth.The third is a balanced marketing strategy, an in-between strategy that differs from an aggressive strategy and a minimal strategy only in degree. These three strategies are appropriate alternatives for any organization. However, not every organization needs an aggressive s

48、trategy, nor does every organizationneed a balanced strategy or a minimal situation facing each entity is obviously calling for an analysis of the which of thethree alternative suitable for each organization.23. The first major factor competition monopoly marketfaci ng position, area, thenthe with a

49、 minimalfactors that strategiesis the organization.one. The differe nt, dictate is mostnature of the If it no direct competitors marketingmarket is in instrategyaitsissuitable. However, if the organization is in an oligopoly market position, with a few competitors area, for. If there is a several co

50、mpeting area, this would strategy. Further,in its market marketing strategy is called andthen a balancedhigh degree of competition products/services suggest an aggressive if there are many other then the organizationindirect competition, pursue a balanced marketing strategy.24. The second major fact

51、or products/services offered. high-quality products/services,in its market marketing forms of shouldof the hasis the quality If the organization a minimal marketingstrategy is called for, other factors being equal. If it islow-quality strategy are balancedin a weak market products/services, a should

52、 be pursued. If medium quality, this strategy.25.The third major factor is the revenue strategies that the managersmaythe managerswantrevenues from its organization should strategy. If it wantsposition with minimal marketing the products/services would suggest aofdesire to pursue. For example, to ma

53、ximize the organization products services, then adopt an aggressive marketing to minimize revenues, then itifstheshould pursue a minimal strategy. However, if it wantsto balance its revenues? D not maximizing and not minimizing ?D then a balanced marketing strategy is called for. These factors may b

54、e summarized and put into decisionmodelfor an administrator to use indeciding which general marketing strategy his/her organizationshoulduse. Once the strengths andweaknesses are weighted for each factor, an overall evaluation can be completed, allowing the administrator to arrive at an overall deci

55、sion ?D that is ,whether to follow an aggressive, balanced, or minimal general marketing strategy.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Not long ago, technol

56、ogy in the home was carved up into well-defined territories: The PC ?D care of Microsoft, Intel, Dell, and the like ?D presided over the home office. The television and stereo were king and queen of the living room. These days, though, the digital revolution is shaking up that comfortable ease. (26)With the advent of MP3 music files, personal video recorders, game machines, digital cameras, and a host of other media and services, it s no longer clearwho c