上海牛津版AU.知识点总结

1、一、单词精讲1. opinion / / n. 想法，看法，意见 词组： in one s opinione.g. In my opinion, the second view is one-sided and partial.2. responsibility / / n. 责任拓展：adj. be responsible for 对负责e.g. My father is responsible for a big store in Shanghai.response n. 3. death / n.死，死亡拓展： v. die ofdie fromdie (died, died) v. 死

2、；凋零dead adj. 无生命的，呆板的 dying adj. 临终的，垂死的4. respect/ / v.尊重，慎重对待拓展： respectable adj. 5. faithfully/ /adv.忠实地，忠诚地拓展： faith n. 信仰，信任 adj.e.g. Faith that justice would prevail impelled us forward.译： We are faithful listeners to the program.译： 6. mess/ /n.杂乱，粪便e.g. The house is a mess. 这个房间又脏又乱。 拓展：a mes

3、s of 一大堆；把弄糟in a mess 乱糟糟，一团糟e.g. Ive made such a mess of my life.There are many reasons why the economy is in such a mess.7. extremely/ /adv.极其，非常拓展： extreme adj.极端的，偏激的n. 极端，极其偏激的事物8. unhappy/ /adj. 不快乐的，悲伤的拓展：反义词： 副词： happiness n. 否定前缀 un, 加在名词，形容词，副词之前 如 : unfinished （未完成的 ）; undoubted （无疑的 ）; u

4、nhappy （ 不快乐的 ）否定前缀 in, 加在形容词，名词之前如： incorrect （ 不正确的 ） ， inability （无能 , 无力） ， inaccurate （ 不准确的 ）im 一加在字母 m b, P之前女口： impossible（ 不可能的），impolite（ 不礼貌的）9. surprised/ / adj. 感到惊讶的拓展：be surprised at 因感至惊讶同义词： amazed, shockedsurprising 令人惊讶的同类的词： 10. shocked/ /adj.震惊的e.g. The little boy was shocked by

5、 the fall.11. certain/ /adj.一定（量）的拓展： be certain of / about sth.be certain of doing sthbe certain that / if/whethere.g. Are you certain about that?Our team is certain of winning. Im certain that its not your fault.13. goldfish/ /n.金鱼合成词： n. + n. = n.举例： 14. apologize/v.道歉搭配： apologize for apologize

6、to sb.词转： n. Make an apology for sth. 因某事而道歉e.g. He made an apology for what he said.15. review/ /n. （书刊、电影等的）评论；v. 回顾，检查二、Phrases 词组1from side to side从左到右 side by side 肩并肩地；一起2grow up 成长；长大3. according to 据（所说）同义句： It s said by4. care for 关爱拓展：take care of 照顾;look after care about喜欢5. as a result 因

7、此；结果拓展： result from 起因于6. stop from 阻止某事发生stop to do sth.stop doing sth.7. right now 立即；马上同义词： immediately adv. at oncee. g We should start work right now.When he heard the news, he rushed out of the room immediately.8. Whats more 而且e. g. Whats more ，most people in modern cities live in flats9. pay

8、for 为付钱e. g. I have to pay 150 dollars for the sewing machine.其他表示“ 花费 ”的词(1) spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb) spend some money some time on sth (sb)spend some money some time(in)doing sthe.g. I spent fifty yuan on the coat=I spent fifty yuan(in)buying the coat (2) take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语“ it ”或物。 句

9、式是：It takes took sb some time to do sth= Sth takes sb some timee.g. It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses The work will take me two days (3) pay 为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是 sbpays some money for sth或 pay sb (some money for sth)e g. I paid fifty yuan for the coatHow much did you pay him?(4) c

10、ost 的主语必须是某物。sth cost (sb.)some money 。e.g The dictionary cost me $20 10. not only but also 不但而且连接主语时，谓语动词应和邻近的主语保持一致。相似的有：neithernor；either or 例句： He is not only a scientist but also a photographer. No only he but also his parents like collecting stamps.三、课文精讲1. lts nice to pick them up and hold th

11、em in oar arms，and its wonderful to see them growing up egIt s nice to know that somebody appreciates what I do【知识拓展】 it 作形式主语主要用于下列两种情况1. It+ is /was+ adj ./ n.(形容词或名词)+to do sth .e . g. It is a good idea to think this wayIt is very kind of you to give me a hand in time.2. It + v . + to do sth .e.g

12、 . It took us three years to complete the project.2. Young people can learn how to care for others and how to respect allliv ing thi ngs by keep ing a pet dog.e.g. Please show us how to do that .3. A small nu mber of pet dogs eve n bite people.a nu mber of “许多”；a small nu mber of“一 小部分”；a large nu m

13、ber of “许多； 大量”例句： A nu mber of people have already visited the Expo Site.【辨析】 a number of 与 the number ofA numberof表示“一批；一些；许多”；是不定数量词，如同a lot of, lots of, several, some一样。因此，“ a number of + 复数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词用复数。例句：There were a large number of people in the room. The number of 表示“的数（目）”，the number是中心

14、词，其谓语动词必须用单数。例: The number of people in the room is large.4. This may make the dogs feel extremely unhappy.1）makefeel“使感到”，这种结构是动词后跟不带to的不定式相同用法的表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词（使役动 词）主要有：例句：Let me introduce myself.2）feel ， look ，sou nd，smell，taste等连系动词后面跟形容词。例: Ann looks beautiful.5. paying for dog food and

15、visit ing the vet can be expensive.1）pay for “支付”，常用句型结构为：somebodypay moneyfor something例句：2) can be 表示现在或将来的可能性。例句： 3) 【辨析】can be, may be, might be, must be它们都可以用来表示可能性，但语气强弱有所不同。must be语气最强，表示可能性最大；其次是 can be和may be； might be语气最弱，表示 可能性最小。巩固练习I. 选择合适的单词或短语来代替划线部分。A. As said byB. wentawayC. veryD.

16、depart forE.pleasureF. said()1. It was claimed that some doctors were worki ng 80 hours a week.()2. We were extremely busy before the exam in ati on.()3. It is full of enjo yment to go skat ing on real ice.()4. According to the weather report, it is going to rain thisafter noon.()5. A: Whenwill you

17、be back? B: I II leave for homein three days.II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. The plane Ianded at last after flying in the storm for aboutone hour. (safe)2. Please read the passageand the n finish the exercises.(care)3. Somethi ng is wrong with my foot. I have to walk. (slow)4. , we weren t caught in the heavy r

18、ain last night. (luck)5. Look! The famous actress is dancing veryat the party.(beautiful)6. George felt very sad at the of his father. (die)7. The storm last night was quite (fright);we were all greatly(fright) by it.8. Students should spend sometime doing athomeevery day afterschool. (review)9. “ D

19、o you have any ?” asked the sales manager. (complain)10. Every one wasto death in the big fire. (shock)11. -Madam, do you mind my smok ing here?-not. (certai n)12. To the visitors great surprise, the people there show disagreementbytheir heads. (nod)13. You speak too (loud).Would you say it a little

20、 more softly?14. It s said that perhaps there used to b e things on Mars.(life)15. The children enjoyedatthe party last night.(they)四、语法一)、情态动词的被动语态I、定义：含有情态动词的被动语态用来说明某人或某物被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。例：1. Many trees should be pla nted in the mou nta in s.应该在山上种许多树。2. You can take this book home.(改为被动语态)t This

21、book can be take n home (by you).3. This problem can t be worked out very easily.这道题轻易算不出来。4. Must the work be done at once?这项工作必须立即完成吗？II、含情态动词被动语态的构成根据上述例子填写下列空格A. 含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+及物动词的 。B. 含有情态动词的主动语态变为被动语态时，要把主动语态的 变成被动语态的主语。C. 变为否定句时只需要在情态动词后加 。D. 变为一般疑问句时只需把 提到句首。III 、句式变换含有情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、

22、否定句的变化均需借助于情态动词来完成。1. 一般疑问句。直接将被动语态的陈述句中的情态动词提到句首。 例如： This work must be done right now.ust this work be done right now?His homework should be finished before six.tShould his homework be finished before six?2. 特殊疑问句。由疑问词加上含有情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句构成。例如： Where can the book be found? 这本书在什么地方能被找到呢？When must m

23、y homework be handed in? 我的作业必须什么时候交？3. 反意疑问句。附加问句部分要用“情态动词 + 主语”。例如： This book shouldn t be taken out of the library, should it? 这本书不应被带出图书馆，是吗？4. 否定句。在情态动词后面加上 not 即可。例如： Fourteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive. 十四岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。【Note】 对于含有情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答，一般应保留原句中的情态动词，但 must 表“必须”时，其否定

24、回答应用neednt 。例如： Should my homework be finished today? 我的作业应在今天完成吗？Yes, it should. / No, it shouldnt. 是的，应在今天完成。 / 不，不应在今天完成。Must his exercise book be handed in right now?他的练习本必须立即上交吗？Yes, it must. / No, it neednt. 是的，必须立即上交。 / 不，不必立即上交。二）、副词副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构I 、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在 be 动词、助动词之后。3

25、） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副词 well ， badly 糟、坏， hard 等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.II 、副词的排列顺序： 1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用 and 或 but 等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3）多个不同副词排列：程度 +地点 +方

26、式+时间副词。副词 very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 （错） I very like English.（ 对 ） I like English very much.副词 enough 要放在形容词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可 I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.III 、副词的构成方法： 大多数副词都是由“形容词后缀 -ly ”构成的， 例如： slowly, heavily, tru

27、ly, terribly等。形容词变副词规则： . 在形容词词尾直接加 -ly 。如 :real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully;slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly . 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词要变 y 为 i, 再加 -ly 。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily .某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gen tle-

28、ge ntly注意：friendly; motherly; lovely，weekly， lively 等词是形容词而非副词。 .英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。判断下列单词的词性：the high jump 跳高项目（ ）to jump high 跳得高 （）a fast car 行得快的汽车（） to drive fast开快车（）an early riser早起的人 （） to get up early 起得早（）a straight line 直线 （） Go

29、 straight ahead. 一直朝前走。（） .副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来，如:loud （adj.）-aloud （adv.） .部分名词加后缀也可变成副词，如:part-partly 。例：It is partly her fault.有部分是她的错。注：frien dly; motherly; lovely等词是形容词而非副词。练习巩固一、选择题1. trees usually in April ?A. Have, plantedB. Are, planted C. Do , plant D. Were ,pla nted2. When we got there , the

30、broke n road repaired .A. is being B. was being C. has bee n D. /A. has bee n clea nedB. is clea nedC. are clea ned D. areclea ning4. In 1620 , about half the USA forests .A. was covered B. was covered by C. were filled with D.covered with5. The young tree the stick .A. should be tied toB. must be t

31、ied byC. should tie toD. can be tied with6. A prese ntme by my friend on my birthday .A. is givi ng B. was give n to C. is give n for D. willgive to7. By was the bookA. who , wroteB. whom , writeC. whom , writte nD. whom , writ ing8. Films about crimeand violenee （暴力与犯罪）byyoung childre nA. should no

32、t seeB. should be not see nC. should not be see nD. should be see n9. I n warm weather fruit and meat Ion A. can t be keptB. don t keep C. is not kept D.aren t keeping10. Half the worlds teleph one callsin En glish .A. are madeB. are maki ng C. make D. is made11. That buildi ngnow .A. is buildi ngB.

33、 is built C. is bei ng built D.builds12. The trees in our schoolevery Friday after noon .A. are watered B. are wateri ng C. have watered D.water13. More “ Great Green Walls ” must all over the world .A. build B. are built C. be buildi ngD. be built14. His school bagbyawoma n ten minu tes ago .A. too

34、k awayB. was take n awayC. was take n offD. is take n15.lt that shevery clever.A. was said , isB. was said , wereC. is said , isD. is said , is bei ng16. Yesterday a visitorsomething about his hometow n.A. was asked B. was ask ingC. is asked D. asked17. If you are not free today, come ano ther dayA.

35、 tooB. soC.in steadD. yet18. He cant tell us,I thi nk.A. importa nt anythingB. any thi ngimporta ntC. important somethingD. something important.19. The light in the office was ntfor him to read.A. eno ugh brightB. bright eno ughC.brightlyD. eno ugh brightly20. You must keep your eyeswhe n you do eye

36、 exercises.A. closeB. ope nC.closedD.opened21. Dont worry, sir. rm sure I can runto catch up with them.A. slowly eno ughB. eno ugh slowlyC. fast eno ughD. eno ugh fast22. The text is very easy for you. There arenew words in it.A. a fewB. a littleC. fewD.little23. Mingming got up very,so he came to s

37、chool half an hourA. late; latelyB. lately; lateC. lately;lately D. late; late24. I amworried about y pare nts healthy con diti ons.A. sometimes B. sometime C. sometimes D. sometimes25. Aaccide nt happe ned at 7:30 a.m. said the policema nA. serious, seriousB. seriously, seriouslyC. seriously, serio

38、usD. serious, seriously26. The cake smells. Please throw it away.A. goodB. badlyC. badD. well27. - What was the weather like yesterday?It was terrible.It rained sothat people couldgo out.A. hardly hardB. hardly hardlyC. hard hardlyD. hard hard28. - Dad, whe n will you be free?You agreed to go to the

39、 seasidewith me four days ago.I am sorry, Jean. But Ithink I will have aholiday soon.A. four-daysB. four-dayC. fourdaysD. four day二.用正确的时态和语态填空1. Nearly everybody here (know) whenthe old museum(build ).2. The building can (see) from every part of the city ; It_(build ) many years ago .3. Yesterday Tom(tell ) methat his bike (break) la