牛津模块五 unit 1 Grammar 不定式语法总结与复习课件 (35PPT)

1、to-infinitive 一、动词不定式的基本结构 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可不带to。不定式的否定形式是：not to+动词原形。在句中除不能作谓语外，其他成分都可作。如：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。The to-infinitive can be subject(主语) object(宾语) predictive(表语) attribute(定语) adverbial(状语) object complement(宾补) 注意：不定式之前的to（又称为小品词）与介词to的功能不同。介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格，或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语；而不定式符

2、号to的后面需要跟动词原形。 speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话 to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语to-infinitive形式 完成时：to have done 进行时：to be doing 完成进行时：to have been doingto-infinitive 主语 To get there by bike will take us half an hour. it做形式主语，不定式推后。常用结构：uItbe名词to do uIt takes sb + some time + to douItbe形容词for sbto do uI

3、tbe形容词of sbto do uIt seems (appears)形容词to do To grow more trees here is very important. (=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。 To speak English well is not easy for me. (=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易 注意：在It is to.的句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式；使用这种结构，可以避免句子

4、的头重脚轻。通常不定式被视为第三人称单数，所以动词用is或was。 It is bad for your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。to-infinitive宾语1 不定式作宾语用在及物动词之后。常用的及物动词有：want, wish, hope, like, begin, start, help, agree, refuse, promise, learn, forget, know, need, try等。 They began to read and write. 他们开始读和写。 to do 与doing(宾语) advise, al

5、low, encourage, forbid, permit +to do/doing意思一样。 Our teachers dont permit us swimming（to swim） in the lake. forget, remember, regret u+to do 现在或将来的动作u+doing 动作已经发生to-infinitive宾语2 He feels it his duty to help the poor. it 做形式宾语代替不定式 主语动 词it补语to do句式to-infinitive表语 不定式像名词一样，可以放在be动词后面，形成表语。 My work i

6、s to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。 Her dream is to be a lawyer. 她的梦想就是成为一名律师。to-infinitive定语 Would you please give me some paper to write on?（不要忘记带介词哦！） Differences:Have you anything to be taken to your sister?Do you have anything to say on the question?The next train to arrive is from Wa

7、shington.(可表将来动作)Differences a bridge to be built a bridge being built a bridge builtto-infinitive状语1 I stayed there to see what would happen. 目的状语Bob took down my telephone number so as (in order )not to forget it. comfortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible，etc. (后接不定式用主动表被

8、动)e.g. The question raised by the student is difficult to answer. to-infinitive状语2 We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. 结果状语soas to; suchas toenoughtoonly to tooto to-infinitive宾补 I want you to understand the whole passage clearly. 类似动词：+to do allow, ask, advise, beg, cau

9、se, drive，encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like (love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, etc. She asked me to speak more loudly. (宾语) (宾补) Jim told him not to cry. 吉姆告诉他不要哭。 She advised him to do so. 她劝他这么做to的省略问题（宾补） 感觉动词必省I didnt hear anyone say anything ab

10、out it. 使役动词必省They make the students do too much homework every day. 句式被动不能省 help, know 等。可有可无。Would you please help me (to) fill in the tax form? 【2012安徽】 I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【0

11、4NMET】 I like _ in the autumn when the sky is blue and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one（2011北京卷） Its important for the figures _ regularly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to update D. to have updated 【2012陕西】 If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challe

12、nge. A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet have no choice but to do. 除了做.别无选择 e.g. 除了接受这次机会我别无选择。 I have no choice but to accept this chance. I cant do anything but accept this chance. 有do不带to. （NMET 2002)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will

13、enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen （10上海40）This is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 【2012江西】Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students. A. speaking B. having sp

14、oken C. to speak D. to have spoken 【2012山东】George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. （04高考北京卷）A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 【NMET 95】 Paul doesnt have to be made _He always works hard Alearn Bto learn Clearned Dlearning 【NMET 93】 Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer A. to have invented B. inventing C. to invent D. having invented 【NME