高中英语二轮总复习课件：第9讲助动词和特殊句式(二)

1、第第9讲讲 助动词和特殊句式助动词和特殊句式(二二) 例1: Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. (2012浙江卷 19) A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had. 虚拟语气 【解析】选D。本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：If they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.根据had known提示，可知是与过去 事 实 相 反 ，

2、因 此 虚 拟 语 气 主 句 中 应 该 用would/might have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。例2: We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _more places of interest yesterday. (2012福建卷 31)A. visitedB. had visitedC. would visitD. would have visited【解析】选D。句意： 我们在那个小村庄迷路了，要不然的话，我们昨天就游览了更多的名胜古迹。本题关键是从时间状语yesterday知道是对过去的虚拟，前半句是过去

3、的客观事实“我们在那个小山村迷路”，otherwise(否则)，后半句是用对过去的虚拟would have done，答案为D项。对虚拟语气的做法主要是看时间状语或是看里面的关键词是对什么时间的虚拟，这就很容易了。故选D。 考点1：if从句的3种虚拟形式考点2：wish 后的宾语从句1表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。2表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用had done。3 表 示 将 来 难 以 实 现 的 愿 望 ， 谓 语 动 词 用should/would(情态动词) 动词原形。考点3：含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方

4、式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。其常见结构有：1if only要是就好了(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似)If only you hadnt told him the news.要是你没有告诉他这个消息就好了。2without/but for如果没有Human beings would die without water.(Human beings would die if there were no water.)如果没有水，人类就会灭亡。3otherwise/or否则，不然的话I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that

5、book.我当时没有钱，要不然，我就买那本书了。考点4：虚拟语气的其他常见表现形式 1would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来的事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用had done。 2一想要(desire)一宁愿(prefer)一坚持(insist)二命令(order, command)三建议(advise, suggest, propose/recommend)四要求(demand, require, request, ask)中，无论主句

6、谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用 “should do”，其中should可以省略。 3表示 “早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为： It is (high / about) time that 主语 动词的过去式/ should do(优先使用动词过去式)，即从句用虚拟过去式。 4“情态动词have done”的结构，也带有“虚拟语气”的意义。could have done 本来能够做而实际上未做might have done 本来可以做而实际上未做should/ought to have done本来应该做而实际上未做ought not to ha

7、ve done/shouldnt have done本来不应该做而实际上做了neednt have done本来不必要做而实际上做了考点1：转折并列句 转折并列句主要由but(但是), yet(可是), while(而，却)等连词连接。 1but 用作并列连词，意为“但是”，“然而”，表示转折意义。 Rick made some more records, but he wasnt as popular as he had been before. 里克虽然录制了更多唱片，但不像以前那样受欢迎了。. 并列句此时要注意 but 与 however 的区别。 however 表示“可是”，“但是”

8、的意义时，常用作副词，可以放在句首、句中、句尾，并常用逗号将它与句子分开。 However，he didnt make his mark in the end. 然而，他终未成功。 2but 可置于表示歉意的话(如 Excuse me 或 Im sorry )之后，提出请求或说出可能触犯对方的话，它没有实际意义，只起连接作用，可以省去。 I am sorry, but I dont think I know you. 很抱歉，我想我不认识你。 Excuse me, but can you tell me how to surf the net?劳驾，你能告诉我怎么上网吗？考点2: 选择并列句

9、You have to move out of the way _ the truck cannot get past you. (2012新课标卷 34) A. so B. or C. and D. but【解析】选B。or表示“否则”。表示另外一种选择所造成的结果。_ at the door before you enter my room, please. (2012北京卷 31) A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock. 祈使句【解析】选A。祈使句考点，用动词原形。There is little doubt in your mind th

10、at he is innocent, _？ (2012江苏卷 25) A. is there B. isnt there C. is he D. isnt he. 反意疑问句【解析】选A。根据前面there be 句里含有否定意义的词little，所以反意疑问句用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。1. Where is it? Where is _？ I dont know what do you mean? A. what B. that C. it D. so易错题笔记【解析】选A。句意：什么在什么地方？ 其实，这类用法在口语中经常使用。如： It was so dar

11、k that I couldnt tell who was who.当时一片漆黑，我分不清谁是谁。“What are you going to do next fall？” “Next what？”“下一个秋季你打算要干什么？”“你说下一个什么？”They look exactly the same, and I really dont know which is which.它们看起来一模一样， 我实在分不清哪个是哪个。2. The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. had done; shoul

12、d beB. should do; should beC. had done; had beenD. should do; had been【解析】选A。insist意为“坚决要求”时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气(即“should动词原形”，其中should可省略)；insist意为“坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。3. Hard _ he studies, he cannot pass the examination. A. when B. how C. as D. while【解析】选C。属于让步倒装结构，其基本句式为“名词(不带冠词)、形容词、副词、动词等as/though主语谓语

13、”。又如： Child as he is, he did it very well.他虽是个孩子，但已干得很不错了。4. More than one student _ read the novels, which _ written by David. A. has; was B. have; were C. has; were D. have; was【解析】选C。more than one student (不止一个学生) 从形式上看是单数，但从意义上却是复数，它用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。第二空前的which指的是novels，故谓语用were。5. It looks as if he

14、 were drunk. So it does. _.A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so【解析】选D。做此题要抓住关键词were，因为它表明此句的谓语为虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他看起来好像喝醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。另外注意，句中的 so it does 表示强调，意为“他看上去的确像是喝醉了”。6. Im quite willi

15、ng to help and _ are the others. A. they B. who C. so D. even【解析】选C。在“so 倒装句”这一结构中，so 的意思与 also 相似，主要用来回答或补充前面句子的意思，表示“也一样”。此结构的前后句的时态和助动词通常是一致的，但有时由于语境不同，可能有例外。如： If you stay for dinner, so will I.你要是留下来吃饭，那我也就留下。但是，如果前面一句是否定句，则后面一句不用 so，而用 neither 或 nor。如： He didnt like the house and neither / nor

16、 did his wife.他不喜欢这房子，他妻子也不喜欢。7. The boys and the girls each _ to do something different, which _the teacher uneasy. A. want; make B. wants; makes C. want; makes D. wants; make【解析】选C。第一空应填动词 want，因为此句的主语是 the boys and the girls，而 each 只是主语的同位语；第二空前的which指前句的整句内容，表单数意义，故填makes。8. Every boy and girl _ the book and they each _ to buy one.