2019年职称英语备考辅导综合阅读必备练习题五

1、2019 年职称英语备考辅导综合阅读必备练习题五Maglev Trains1 A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation 1 , which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel

2、 wheel and track trains.2 If youve ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other2. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is

3、temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery3. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.3 The mag

4、netic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind amaglev train railsystem. There are three components to this system： A largeelectrical powersource, metal coils lining a guide way ortrack, and large guidance magnets attached to theundersideof the train.4 The big diff

5、erence between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine - at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels,the magnetic field created by t

6、he electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains5.5 The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the trains undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levi

7、tated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push th train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This

8、 change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.6 Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground

9、 transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.词汇：Levitate v. 悬浮 electrified v. 使带电Levitation n.悬浮 magnetize v. 使带磁guideway n. 导向槽 line v. 排列成行 propelb vt. 推动 underside n. 下侧，下面 p

10、ropulsion n. 推动 undercarriage n. 车盘注释：1. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation： maglev 是magnetic levitation 的缩略词。2. opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other ： 异极相吸，同极相斥3. AA-cell battery：5 号电池4. at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks ： 至少不是

11、沿着轨道拉动典型的火 车车厢的那种发动机。5. the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train ： 由嵌入导向壁内的电磁线圈产生的磁场加上轨道，一起推动 火车前进。 The magnetic field和 the track 是句子主语， createdby the electrified coils in the guideway walls 是过去分词短语， 用作定语，修饰 the magnetic fiel

12、d.练习：1. Paragraph 32. Paragraph 43. Paragraph 54. Paragraph 6A The Main Components of the Maglev Train SystemB High-speed Maglev due to Zero FrictionC The Working Principle of the Maglev TrainD Differences between Polarity and Magnetic FieldE Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional OnesF Maglev

13、 with a Powerful Motor5. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets6. You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery .7. A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils8. The frictionless maglev train enables youA to develop a maglev train rail s

14、ystemB To explain why maglev trains are fasterC to pull and push the train forwardD to create a magnetic fieldE to experiment with the maglev trainF to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours 答案与题解：1. A 第三段了举了磁浮列车的三个组成部分，动力源、金属线 圈和此贴。选项 A 概括了第三段列的内容。2. E 第四段就磁浮列车和传统火车实行了比较：磁浮列车没有 发动机而传统火车有发动机。选

15、项 C用comparsion来概括是准确的3. C 第五段比较详细的介绍了为什么磁浮列车会向前运动，也 就揭示了磁浮列车的工作原理。4. B 在第五段解释了磁浮列车浮起和向前运动的原理之后，作 者在第六段中实行了磁浮列车速度奇快的原因：去除了传统火车的车 轮于铁轨的摩擦。5. A 选 A 的依据是本文第一段第一句： A few countries using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains.6. D 第二段说，把电线与干电池相连接就能产生一个小磁场，而 磁浮列车的运动原理与此相

16、同。第二段第四句是选择D的依据。7. C 第五段的第二句，即“ 0nce the train is levitated，power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls tocreate a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway ”，是选择 c 的依据。8. F 本文最后一句举出坐上时速 500公里的磁浮列车从巴黎到罗 马只需约 2 小时这个例子来说明磁浮列车速度之快。译文：磁悬浮列车一些国家正在使用强有力的

17、额电磁体发展高速列车，这种列车叫 作磁悬浮列车。 Maglev 是磁悬浮的缩略词，它意味着这些列车漂浮在 导向槽上，导向槽是使用磁铁的基本原理来替换原来的钢轮子和钢轨 道的列车。如果你以前玩过磁铁，你知道异极相吸，同极相斥的道理。这是 电磁式推动背后的基本原理。电磁体与其他磁铁在吸引金属物品方面 是一样的，但是电磁力是暂时的。你能通过铜丝连接一节 5 号电池的 正负极很容易地自己创造出一个小的电磁体。这就创造了一个小磁场。 如果你从电池分开导线的任意一个末端，磁场就消失。这个导线和电池实验创造的磁场是磁悬浮列车系统背后的简单想 法。这个系统有三个成分：一个大电能来源、金属卷排列成导向槽或 轨道和附着在列车下面的大的导电磁体。磁悬浮列车和传统列车之间的一个很大的大区别是磁悬浮列车没 有发动机至少不是沿着轨道拉动典型的火车车厢的那种发动机。 磁悬浮列车的发动机相当不显眼。代替矿物燃料的使用，由嵌入导向 壁内的电磁线圈产生的磁场加上轨道，一起推动火车前进。导向槽是沿着轨道延伸的带磁性的线圈。它排斥在列