英语构词法在高考中的应用

1、英语构词法在高考中的应用本课要点:1.各类词性的正确使用及转化2. 运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义3. 通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量考情分析：1. We drank together and talked erry) till far into thenight.( 07 高考)proverb is say ing we have to let thi ngs go in their(n ature) course.( 08 高考)Jane knew from past experie nee that her _ (choose) of ties hardlyever pleased h

2、er father.( 09 高考)teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his studentvery much for the sweet water.(10 高考)考点精讲:Frie ndships cha nge as our n eeds and lifestyles change. Don t trouble trouble un til trouble troubles you.They watched the train un til it disappeared in the dista nee.英语构词法

3、主要有三种方法：- 一.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)-housewife(家庭主妇)二.转化(Con versi on):由一个词类转化为另一个词类eg. water ( n.) 水-water ( v.) 浇水三.派生(Derivatio n): eg. happy- un happyhappy- happi ness通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词：加前缀一般不改变原词的 ，只改变加后缀改变了原词的 一.合成法：Yet, shopkeepers may have to spe nd extra hours to

4、deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without pay ing for them.What does the word “shoplifter meanA.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工注意:请你猜一猜以下划线的词的词义。them, play ing well and winning are ofte n life-a nd-death affairs. spirit is a necessity. Sharp words

5、from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming stude nt down-to-earth.a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible en dless years.二转化法：He is a man with broad shoulders .We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.Nobel arra nged in his will to give the largest part of

6、 his money to establish the Nobel prizes.08 高考触类旁通：feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free三派生法重点：一前缀1. 否认前缀：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non请为以下单词找出适当的否认前缀。bala neeconcernactivelegal luckypatie ntpossibleun dersta ndpolite regular agree use hon est fairadva ntage stopsmoker2.请找出以下单词的前

7、缀，并讨论前缀所含意义retellrepayan tiaircraftcoeducati onoversleepoverlooksuperma nsubway subtitle intern ati onal in terview enl arge tran sport 归纳：稳固练习：1 It would be easy for some on eto misprese nt himself on line because you can t see him. Thus some on ewho says that “ she is a 12-year-old girl. could rea

8、lly be an old man.What does the word“ misprese nt meana wrong judgme nt aboutsomebody wron glya wrong descripti on ofa wrong opinion about 2 .The computer also counts the loads and gives a sig nal by phone whe n the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the non recyclables.3.Anothe

9、r myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain(二)后缀1. 常见的名词后缀A:表示人的后缀：B:其它常见的后缀： 技巧点拨： 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接 _或动名词，如果所 给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为并注意名词数的变化。动词，名词，形 容词时都有可能会考否认形式，一定要根据语境来判断。(1) His(careful) resulted in the terrible accident(2) He was

10、one of the (visit)who thought highly of Tom, theirguide.2. 常见的形容词后缀-al ; - an ; - ern; -ble ; - ish ; - ive; - y; -ful ; - less - ly;-ous 表示具有的性质，或与有关practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless , careful3. 常见的副词后缀：-ly 表示方式，程度：freely , happily -ward (s)表示方向：westwards技巧

11、点拨：动词前后、形容词前后可有 ，这时，如果所给词为形容词，那么需将其变为副词。如果所给词为名词或动词，可先将其变为形容词，再加后缀 -ly。另外，在答题时还要考虑副词级的变化。名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语，连系动词后接形容词作表语。如果所需词为形容词时，还要考虑形容词级的变化。 如：(1) The little girl is (extreme ) eager to know the result of the exam.(2) What，s the (length)river in the world(3) The(stren gth)we become, the more modest

12、we should be.4. 动词后缀：-fy (使化);-ize ( 使成为)；-en(使)写出以下单词的动词形式。beautymoder n deep rich real quick技巧点拨： 动词是句子的灵魂，在确定语法填空的答案时，要考虑句子中是否 有谓语动词，如果 谓语动词，需将所给词通过加前缀或后缀变成动词。两个 en含有使动用法:en -(enrich) -en (widen)易错点most aircraft fly highly.2. They can watch lively broadcast ball games at home.3. We really did ver

13、y well, cried the fairy, in a pleasing voice, for I found little un happ in ess among the childre n this morning.强化训练a word, to save time is(lo ng) life. to len gthe nthe trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is(true)rich. race gave a great deal of(please).(惠一调)4. It was his ninth year

14、of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was full of(an gry).(惠二调)5. and viruses, so I mvery careful not to give out myin formatio n.( 惠三调) this the boy got up and walked away, leaving comfortable sofa, totally(speech).(7. Mr Chen has taught me Englishsince(appreciate) I decided

15、 to get her a prese nt.8.(pers on)his father sitting on their 广一模)Junior 1, and to show my(广州二模)(fortunate), I then noticed that I had (09广州二模)just10 minu tes to complete the rest.9. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grewa bit (patie nee).(深一模)10. “Thirty-five cents, she

16、said (rude).11. I must know how to care for othersand try not tothem. 12.you have done well and made great achievement(en terta in) field.( 惠一模)13. These people have made greattheir work.(茂名二模)14. . The storm damaged several_ 州二模)(09深一模)(un dersta nd)in the(con tribute) to Chi na with(n ew) built bu

17、ildi ngs.very15. . Numerous studies haveshow n that free play is(benefit). It can help children become creative(四校联考)16. .they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, notto men ti on the latest (excite) football match.(东莞一模)解题心得小结：介词，冠词，所有格后接 ;形容词修饰;副词修饰熟悉四会单词的意义、拼写和词性 .、八1. 在做语法填空时，一

18、定要善于根据上下文分析句子结构，句子成分，平时要多积累相关的单词，熟悉其词性，并利用好构词法等技巧。2. 最后，要检查一遍，大小写问题，单复数问题，字母是否缺漏，单词是否要双写.runner 不断地通过分析句子来检验自己的答案。3. 平时注重培养：阅读、理解语篇的能力；分析句子结构的能力；熟练运用语法的能力。实战演习I hated(1)(wait) for her for hourswithout(2)(know)when on earth she would come. Onher(3)(arrive),she would always hugged me,promising never t

19、o be late again.I used to stare at herin(4)(an gry),telli ngher fran kly that her(5)(arrive)late mademea ngry and that I wan ted to end our(6) (relate).However, she neverseemed tobe(7)(angrily).She toldme that she always thoughtof me as one of her best(8)(frie ndly)a nd if I lefther, that would be a

20、 severe(9)(puni sh)toher. Fin allywe reached an(10)(agree)that we would still be goodfriends, but she mustn，t be late again.(2) Ann walked out of the chemical factory,a nno yed at her1(pleasa nt) in terviewwith Jack,the vice gen eral man ager of thewas told the factory had been pouring waste water d

21、irectly into the river,making the water 2 (suit)to thoughtit was herduty to_3_(close)the matter and had it reported in thealso thought it was 4 (responsible)JP3 for the factoryto do thought it was 5 (proper)and6 (legal)for Annto report the whole thing in public without telling them in advanee.Howeve

22、r,Ann regarded it most important to ensure the residents n ear the factory to drink7 (polluti on) told Jack if hisfactory kept on polluting the river,he was sure to answer for what he had done one day.(3)It was a(1)(sno w)w in ter Sun day. Jane sat in her(2) (gloom) room, staringat thetelephone(3) (

23、sad), waiting(4)(eager)for a phon ecallher un cle pomised her if he could man age to find her a job. Itwas almost 11 o ， clock, but the phone still remained(5)(silence).Sheonce told herself that herun cle could do no thi ng to help her and she thought she had some(6)(predict)power about such kind of

24、 things.However, she still felt it(7)(bear)whe nshe assumedher prediction came true, so she couldn，t help weeping. Justthen, the teleph one ran g. It was her un cle, telli ng her the man ager of his compa ny agreed to give her a cha nee because he thought Jane was a(8)(compete)girl to do the workwel

25、l. Imagi ne how happy Jane was at the good n ews.(4)Afterthe engineer waited for two hours to have theplan(1)(approve),he walked out of the mayor ，s officeinto the narrow street, thinkingthat the administrativeformalities must(2)(simple)to make things easier,the n arrow streets of the city should(3)

26、(wide) andano ther theater should be built (4)(rich)peoples life after work. More money should be spend(5)(in dustry)thecity. Besides it wasimportant(6)(deep)and(7)(wide) the river sothat there would be less flood. Just then, he smelt a delicious smell out of a restaura nt and he realized he had n，t

27、 had anything for ten hours. He then said to himself,“Whyshould I think ofall thisAm I the mayorThe most important thing I should do now is to eat something. He(8)(quick)his steps towardsthe restaura nt.(5)Each of us fails from time to time. If we are wise, we accept these(1)(fail)as a n ecessary pa

28、rt of the lear ningprocess. But all too often(2)pare nts and teacherswe do not allow our children to have the same right. We convey either by words(3) by actionsthat failure issomething to be ashamedof, and that nothing but top performanee meets with our(4)(approve).Whe n I see a child subject to th

29、is kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was a shy, n ervous perfecti oni st. His fear of failure(5)(keep)him from classroom gamesthat otherchildrenplayed with joyous abandon. He seldom answeredquestions for fear that he would be wrong. He seldom finished his work because he repeatedly checked wit

30、h me to be sure he hadn，t made a(6)(mistaken).l tried my best to buildup hisself-c on fide nee.And I repeatedly asked Godfor(7)(direct).Butno thi ngcha ngedun tilmidterm,(8) Mary Anne, a young student teacher, wasappo in ted to our classroom. She was young and pretty, and she lovedchildre n.Manystud

31、e nts,Donnie(9)(in clude),adoredher.Withher(10)(en courage),D onnie became con fide nt.(6)A father sat at his desk looking at and carefullystudyinghis1(month)billwhen his young son rushed in andannounced, “ Dad,because this is your birthday and you are 55 years old,I mgoing to give you 55 kisses,one

32、 for each year! But the father exclaimed, “Oh,Peter,don t do it mtoo busy!The boy immediately fell from his big blue eyes.“ You can finish later.2 (silence)as tears rolled dow n3 (apologize)the father said,The boy said nothing but 4 (quiet)walked away, 5(disappoi nt)writte n over his evening the fat

33、her said,“ Comeand finish the kisses now,Peter! But the boy didn t respond.6(fortunate),theboy had an accidentand washeartbroke n father wrote,“ If on ly I could tell him how muchI regret my 7 (thought)words and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is achi ng. Love is a two-way lovi ng act must be 8 (warm)accepted or it will be taken as 9 (reject)and can leave a is more 10(importance)thanresponding with love to the cry for love fromthose who are n ear and precious to us.英语构词法在高考中的应用参考答案：考情分析 1. merrily 2. n atural 3. choice考点精讲：合成法 转化法 派生